【英语学习】【化学】几个与氮有关的化学词汇 (2)

小鱼儿 2023-06-30 06:59 15阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  pyridine: 吡啶
 *  diazine: 二嗪（二氮(杂)苯）
 *  cytosine, thymine, and uracil
 *   *  cytosine：胞嘧啶
     *  thymine：胸腺嘧啶
     *  uracil: 尿嘧啶
 *  purine：嘌呤
 *   *  adenine：腺嘌呤
     *  guanine：鸟嘌呤

# pyridine: 吡啶 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20200115141419514.png]![在这里插入图片描述][20200115141427914.png]  
a colorless volatile liquid with an unpleasant odor, present in coal tar and used chiefly as a solvent.

词源：mid 19th century: from Greek *pur* ‘fire’ + *-ide* \+ *-ine*.  
*-ide*，在化学中， forming nouns denoting binary compounds of a nonmetallic or more electronegative element or group.  
*-ine*，在化学中，forming names of alkaloids, halogens, amines, amino acid, and other substances.

# diazine: 二嗪（二氮(杂)苯） #

**diazines** are a group of organic compounds having the molecular formula C4H4N2. Each contains a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogen. There are three isomers:

*  **pyridazine** (1,2-diazine)
 *  **pyrimidine** (1,3-diazine)
 *  **pyrazine** (1,4-diazine)

**词源**

1.  diazine ：*di-* two + *azo* nitrogen + *ine*
2.  pyridazine：*pyrid-* \+ *azine*
3.  pyrimidine：late 19th century: from German *Pyrimidin*, from pyridine, with the insertion of *-im-* from imide (酰亚胺).
4.  pyrazine：German *Pyrazin* blend of *Pyridin* pyridine *az(o)- azo-*

**pyridazine** (哒嗪 nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions). ![在这里插入图片描述][20200115143008917.png]  
**Pyrimidine** is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. It has two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200115141731869.png]  
**pyrazine** (吡嗪 nitrogen atoms at position 1 and 4 in the ring)  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200115142946951.png]

# cytosine, thymine, and uracil #

In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine ©, thymine (T), and uracil (U).

注：nucleobases: 核碱基

## cytosine：胞嘧啶 ##

**Cytosine** is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2).  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200115170848371.png]  
词源：from *cyto-* “cell” + *-ose* \+ chemical suffix *-ine*  
“The name *cytosine* (due to Kossel and Neumann) is misleading. **Cytosine** is not, like **adenosine** and **guanosine**, a nucleoside (核苷) but the sugar-free base.”

## thymine：胸腺嘧啶 ##

**Thymine** is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G-C-A-T. The others are **adenine**, **guanine**, and **cytosine**.  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200115171718407.png]  
词源：the acid so called because obtained from the **thymus gland** (warty excrescence)

## uracil: 尿嘧啶 ##

(organic chemistry) One of the bases of RNA, pairing with **adenine**.  
![在这里插入图片描述][2020011517204241.png]  
词源：From *uro-* (urine) +‎ ac(*etic*) +‎ *-ile*. Coined in 1885 to denote its association with uric acid.

# purine：嘌呤 #

Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids.  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200115172501395.png]  
词源：1898, from German *purin* (Fischer), said to be from Latin *purum*, neuter of *purus* “clean, pure” + Modern Latin *uricum* “uric acid” + chemical suffix *-ine*.

## adenine：腺嘌呤 ##

C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with **thymine** in DNA and **uracil** in RNA.  
![在这里插入图片描述][2020011517304820.png]  
词根：from Greek *adēn* “gland,” + chemical suffix *-ine*. So called because it was derived from the pancreas of an ox.

## guanine：鸟嘌呤 ##

A substance first obtained from guano; it is a nucleic base and pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA (by means of three hydrogen bonds).  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200115173542658.png]  
词源：Spanish *guano* (birdshit 鸟粪) +‎ *-ine*

[20200115141419514.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115141419514.png
[20200115141427914.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115141427914.png
[20200115143008917.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115143008917.png
[20200115141731869.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115141731869.png
[20200115142946951.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115142946951.png
[20200115170848371.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115170848371.png
[20200115171718407.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115171718407.png
[2020011517204241.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020011517204241.png
[20200115172501395.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115172501395.png
[2020011517304820.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020011517304820.png
[20200115173542658.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115173542658.png