【英语学习】【化学】几个与氮(Nitrogen)有关的化学词汇 (1)

野性酷女 2023-06-30 04:23 13阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  nitrogen：氮（元素）
 *  niter: 硝石
 *  nitric acid: 硝酸
 *  nitrate: \*n.\* 硝酸盐; 硝酸根
 *  potassium nitrate: 硝酸钾
 *  nitrous acid：亚硝酸
 *  nitrite：\*n.\* 亚硝酸盐; 亚硝酸根
 *  sodium nitrite：亚硝酸钠
 *  小结

# nitrogen：氮（元素） #

![在这里插入图片描述][20200115093222881.png]![在这里插入图片描述][20200115093228916.png]  
the chemical element of atomic number 7, a colorless, odorless, unreactive gas that forms about 78 percent of the earth’s atmosphere.

Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (-195.8°C) and it is used as a coolant.

词源：late 18th century: from French *nitrogène* (see niter, -gen).  
niter， “硝石”（见下节）；-gen，表示 produce，generate。

# niter: 硝石 #

niter 是 potassium nitrate（硝酸钾，见下节）的别称。

# nitric acid: 硝酸 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20200115095435645.png]![在这里插入图片描述][20200115095450282.png]  
**Nitric acid (HNO3)**, also known as *aqua fortis* (Latin for “strong water”) and spirit of **niter**, is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water.

这里 nitric 用作形容词。  
词源：late 18th century: from French (*acide*) nitrique (see niter, *-ic*).  
niter，硝石；*-ic*，在化学中，denoting an element in a **higher valence**. 有higher valence，就有**lower valence**，用 *-ite* 表示（见后节）

# nitrate: *n.* 硝酸盐; 硝酸根 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20200115094850227.png]  
**nitrate** is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula NO3\-. Organic compounds that contain the **nitrate ester** as a functional group (R-ONO2) are also called **nitrates**. Nitrates are common components of fertilizers and explosives.

词根：late 18th century: from French(see niter, -ate).  
niter，硝石；-ate，在化学中，forming nouns denoting a salt or ester， especially of an acid with a corresponding name ending in *-ic* （关于 *-ic* 见前节）。

# potassium nitrate: 硝酸钾 #

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDAxODA4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
a white crystalline salt, occurring naturally and produced synthetically, used in fertilizer, as a meat preservative, and as a constituent of gunpowder.

# nitrous acid：亚硝酸 #

这里nitrous用作形容词。*-ous* 后缀表示 lower valence of an element.  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200115101716376.png]  
**Nitrous acid** (molecular formula HNO2) is a weak and monobasic acid known only in solution, in the gas phase and in the form of nitrite (NO2\-) salts. Nitrous acid is used to make diazonium salts from amines. The resulting diazonium salts are reagents in azo coupling reactions to give azo dyes.

注：monobasic acid：一元酸（只有一个hydrogen ion）；diazonium salts：重氮盐（*di-* two；*azo* \[=a+zo literally not life\] nitrogen；*-onium* ammonium）

# nitrite：*n.* 亚硝酸盐; 亚硝酸根 #

a salt or ester of **nitrous acid**, containing the anion NO2\- or the group -NO2.

词源：early 19th century: from niter + *-ite*.  
niter，硝石；*-ite*，在化学中，forming names of salts or esters of acids ending in *-ous* （见上节）。

# sodium nitrite：亚硝酸钠 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20200115110359431.png]![在这里插入图片描述][202001151105431.png]  
**Sodium nitrite** is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluable in water and is hygroscopic.

注： hygroscopic: (*hygro-* wet, moisture) (of a substance) tending to absorb moisture from the air 吸湿的

# 小结 #

**nitrogen**是名词，表示化学元素 **氮**，这个词来自于 niter（硝石）。氮元素可以形成两种酸 **nitric acid** 和 **nitrous acid**，中文名称分别是 **硝酸** 和 **亚硝酸**。中文可以添加一个字加以区分，但是英文中只能使用不同的后缀来区分：*-ic* 表示**高**价酸，*-ous* 表示**低**价酸。

在化学反应后，酸可以生成盐，nitric acid生成的盐被称为 **nitrate** (硝酸盐)，例如：potassium nitrate 硝酸钾；nitrous acid生成的盐被称为 **nitrite** (亚硝酸盐)，例如：sodium nitrite 亚硝酸钠。

nitric acid —> nitrate (salt)  
nitrous acid —> nitrite (salt)

**nitrate** 和 **nitrite** 还可以用于表示 “酸根离子”， nitrate表示 **硝酸根**(NO3\-)，nitrite表示 **亚硝酸根**(NO2\-)。

[20200115093222881.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115093222881.png
[20200115093228916.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115093228916.png
[20200115095435645.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115095435645.png
[20200115095450282.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115095450282.png
[20200115094850227.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115094850227.png
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[20200115101716376.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200115101716376.png
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[202001151105431.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202001151105431.png