CentOS磁盘分区添加删除

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-06-11 06:12 349阅读 0赞

Linux硬盘分区（一）：添加  
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过程简述

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1.  \--添加磁盘
2.  \# fdisk -l --查看磁盘情况
3.  \# fdisk /dev/sdb --为/dev/sdb设备分区
4.  n --添加分区
5.  p/e --主分区/逻辑分区
6.  w --保存退出
7.  \# mkdir /data --创建挂载目录
8.  \# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb --格式化磁盘为ext3文件系统
9.  \# fdisk -l --再次查看磁盘情况
10. \# mount /dev/sdb /data --挂载磁盘到创建的挂载目录下
11. \# vi /etc/fstab --修改启动自动挂载项
12. /dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0

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说明  
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1、以上操作为精炼总结，若如可以看懂，下面内容无需浏览；  
2、以下简单列举两例，细化操作过程。  
  
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# 举例1：添加1块90G磁盘，将其分为1个分区 #

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查看磁盘情况  
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1.  \[root@hyldb /\]\# fdisk -l
2.  
3.  Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
4.  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
5.  Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
6.  
7.  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
8.  /dev/sda1 \* 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux
9.  /dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
10. /dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
11. 
12. Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
13. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
14. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
15. 
16. Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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磁盘分区  
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1.  \[root@hyldb /\]\# fdisk /dev/sdb
2.  Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
3.  Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
4.  until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
5.  content won't be recoverable.
6.  
7.  The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 11748.
8.  There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
9.  and could in certain setups cause problems with:
10. 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
11. 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
12. (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
13. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
14. 
15. Command (m for help): m
16. \--输入m查看帮助：指令提示
17. Command action
18. a toggle a bootable flag
19. b edit bsd disklabel
20. c toggle the dos compatibility flag
21. d delete a partition
22. l list known partition types
23. m print this menu
24. n add a new partition
25. o create a new empty DOS partition table
26. p print the partition table
27. q quit without saving changes
28. s create a new empty Sun disklabel
29. t change a partition's system id
30. u change display/entry units
31. v verify the partition table
32. w write table to disk and exit
33. x extra functionality (experts only)
34. 
35. Command (m for help): n
36. \--添加新分区
37. Command action
38. e extended
39. p primary partition (1-4)
40. p
41. \--输入p添加主分区
42. Partition number (1-4): 1
43. \--填写分区号
44. First cylinder (1-11748, default 1):
45. Using default value 1
46. Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-11748, default 11748):
47. Using default value 11748
48. 
49. Command (m for help): p
50. \--打印分区列表
51. Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
52. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
53. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
54. 
55. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
56. /dev/sdb1 1 11748 94365778+ 83 Linux
57. 
58. Command (m for help): w
59. \--保存退出
60. The partition table has been altered!
61. 
62. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
63. Syncing disks.

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创建挂载目录  
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1.  \[root@hyldb /\]\# mkdir /data

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格式化磁盘  
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1.  \[root@hyldb /\]\# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb
2.  \--格式化sdb1，格式成ext3格式文件系统
3.  mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
4.  /dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
5.  Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
6.  Filesystem label=
7.  OS type: Linux
8.  Block size=4096 (log=2)
9.  Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
10. 11796480 inodes, 23592960 blocks
11. 1179648 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
12. First data block=0
13. Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
14. 720 block groups
15. 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16. 16384 inodes per group
17. Superblock backups stored on blocks:
18. 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
19. 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000
20. 
21. 
22. Writing inode tables: done
23. Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
24. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
25. 
26. 
27. This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
28. 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
29. \[root@hyldb /\]\# fdisk -l
30. 
31. 
32. Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
33. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
34. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
35. 
36. 
37. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
38. /dev/sda1 \* 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux
39. /dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
40. /dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
41. 
42. 
43. Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
44. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
45. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
46. 
47. 
48. Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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挂载磁盘到指定路径下  
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1.  \[root@hyldb /\]\# mount /dev/sdb /data
2.  \[root@hyldb /\]\# df -h
3.  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
4.  /dev/sda3 112G 4.3G 102G 5% /
5.  /dev/sda1 487M 17M 445M 4% /boot
6.  tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
7.  /dev/sdb 89G 184M 84G 1% /data

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修改启动磁盘自动挂载  
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1.  \[root@xckydb ~\]\# vi /etc/fstab
2.  LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
3.  LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
4.  tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
5.  devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
6.  sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
7.  proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
8.  LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
9.  /dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
10. ~
11. ~
12. "/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
13. 
14. 
15. \--格式说明
16. /dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0
17. 要挂载的对象 挂载的目录 系统类型 文件系统访问权限 开机后是否检测 出问题后是否转储

# 举例2： #

1、添加1块10G磁盘；  
2、将其分为六个分区；  
3、三个主分区分别为2G；  
4、剩余空间分为扩展分区，具体分为两个逻辑分区分别为1G，剩余空间单独分为一个逻辑分区。  
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查看磁盘情况  
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1.  \[root@hyl ~\]\# df -h
2.  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
3.  /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
4.  /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
5.  tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
6.  \[root@hyl ~\]\# fdisk -l
7.  
8.  Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
9.  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
10. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
11. 
12. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
13. /dev/sda1 \* 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
14. /dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
15. /dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
16. 
17. Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
18. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
19. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
20. 
21. Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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为/dev/sdb设备分区  
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1.  \[root@hyl ~\]\# fdisk /dev/sdb
2.  Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
3.  Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
4.  until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
5.  content won't be recoverable.
6.  
7.  
8.  The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
9.  There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
10. and could in certain setups cause problems with:
11. 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
12. 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
13. (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
14. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
15. 
16. Command (m for help): m
17. Command action
18. a toggle a bootable flag
19. b edit bsd disklabel
20. c toggle the dos compatibility flag
21. d delete a partition
22. l list known partition types
23. m print this menu
24. n add a new partition
25. o create a new empty DOS partition table
26. p print the partition table
27. q quit without saving changes
28. s create a new empty Sun disklabel
29. t change a partition's system id
30. u change display/entry units
31. v verify the partition table
32. w write table to disk and exit
33. x extra functionality (experts only)

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创建第一个主分区：大小2G  
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创建第二个主分区：大小2G  
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1.  Command (m for help): n
2.  Command action
3.  e extended
4.  p primary partition (1-4)
5.  p
6.  Partition number (1-4): 1
7.  First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
8.  Using default value 1
9.  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
10. 
11. Command (m for help): n
12. Command action
13. e extended
14. p primary partition (1-4)
15. p
16. Partition number (1-4): 2
17. First cylinder (251-1305, default 251):
18. Using default value 251
19. Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (251-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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创建第三个主分区：大小2G  
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1.  Command (m for help): n
2.  Command action
3.  e extended
4.  p primary partition (1-4)
5.  p
6.  Partition number (1-4): 3
7.  First cylinder (501-1305, default 501):
8.  Using default value 501
9.  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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先打印分区列表看一下  
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创建扩展分区  
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1.  Command (m for help): n
2.  Command action
3.  e extended
4.  p primary partition (1-4)
5.  e
6.  Selected partition 4
7.  First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
8.  Using default value 751
9.  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305):
10. Using default value 1305

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创建第一个逻辑分区：大小1G  
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1.  Command (m for help): n
2.  First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
3.  Using default value 751
4.  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): +1024M

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创建第二个逻辑分区：大小1G  
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1.  Command (m for help): n
2.  First cylinder (876-1305, default 876):
3.  Using default value 876
4.  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (876-1305, default 1305): +1024M

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剩余容量创建最后一个逻辑分区  
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1.  Command (m for help): n
2.  First cylinder (1001-1305, default 1001):
3.  Using default value 1001
4.  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1305, default 1305):
5.  Using default value 1305

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打印分区列表  
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1.  Command (m for help): p
2.  
3.  Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
4.  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
5.  Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
6.  
7.  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
8.  /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
9.  /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
10. /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
11. /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
12. /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
13. /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
14. /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux

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保存退出  
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1.  Command (m for help): w
2.  The partition table has been altered!
3.  
4.  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
5.  Syncing disks.

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查看磁盘划分  
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1.  \[root@hyl ~\]\# fdisk -l
2.  
3.  Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
4.  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
5.  Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
6.  
7.  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
8.  /dev/sda1 \* 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
9.  /dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
10. /dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
11. 
12. Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
13. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
14. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
15. 
16. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
17. /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
18. /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
19. /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
20. /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
21. /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
22. /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
23. /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
24. \--由此可以看出，sdb1、sdb2、sdb3为主分区，sdb5、sdb6、sdb7为逻辑分区

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举例：将sdb1格式化为ext3文件系统  
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1.  \[root@hyl ~\]\# cd /
2.  \[root@hyl /\]\# mkdir data1
3.  \[root@hyl /\]\# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
4.  mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
5.  Filesystem label=
6.  OS type: Linux
7.  Block size=4096 (log=2)
8.  Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
9.  251392 inodes, 502023 blocks
10. 25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
11. First data block=0
12. Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
13. 16 block groups
14. 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15. 15712 inodes per group
16. Superblock backups stored on blocks:
17. 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
18. 
19. Writing inode tables: done
20. Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
21. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
22. 
23. This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
24. 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

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举例：为sdb1设置开机自动挂载

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1.  \[root@hyl /\]\# vi /etc/fstab
2.  \--设置开机自动挂载
3.  LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
4.  LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2
5.  tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
6.  devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
7.  sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
8.  proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
9.  LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
10. /dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0
11. ~
12. ~
13. ~
14. "/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
15. \[root@hyl /\]\# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
16. \[root@hyl /\]\# df -h
17. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
18. /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
19. /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
20. tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
21. /dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1

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举例：对sdb1进行umount

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1.  \[root@hyl /\]\# df -h
2.  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
3.  /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
4.  /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
5.  tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
6.  /dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1
7.  \[root@hyl /\]\# umount /data1
8.  \[root@hyl /\]\# df -h
9.  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
10. /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
11. /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
12. tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
13. 
14. \[root@hyl /\]\# fdisk -l
15. 
16. Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
17. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
18. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
19. 
20. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
21. /dev/sda1 \* 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
22. /dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
23. /dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
24. 
25. Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
26. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
27. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
28. 
29. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
30. /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
31. /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
32. /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
33. /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
34. /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
35. /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
36. /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux

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对第二块磁盘操作（即/dev/sdb）  
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1.  \[root@hyl /\]\# fdisk /dev/sdb
2.  
3.  The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
4.  There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
5.  and could in certain setups cause problems with:
6.  1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
7.  2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
8.  (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
9.  
10. Command (m for help): m
11. Command action
12. a toggle a bootable flag
13. b edit bsd disklabel
14. c toggle the dos compatibility flag
15. d delete a partition
16. l list known partition types
17. m print this menu
18. n add a new partition
19. o create a new empty DOS partition table
20. p print the partition table
21. q quit without saving changes
22. s create a new empty Sun disklabel
23. t change a partition's system id
24. u change display/entry units
25. v verify the partition table
26. w write table to disk and exit
27. x extra functionality (experts only)
28. 
29. 
30. Command (m for help): p
31. 
32. Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
33. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
34. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
35. 
36. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
37. /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
38. /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
39. /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
40. /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
41. /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
42. /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
43. /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux

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删除分区：sdb1及其它  
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1.  Command (m for help): d
2.  \--输入删除指令
3.  Partition number (1-7): 1
4.  \--输入删除的分区号
5.  Command (m for help): p
6.  \--打印分区表
7.  Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
8.  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
9.  Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
10. 
11. 
12. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
13. /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
14. /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
15. /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
16. /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
17. /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
18. /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
19. \--可以看到sdb1已经被删除了
20. \--接下来同理，删除其它分区
21. Command (m for help): d
22. Partition number (1-7): 2
23. 
24. 
25. Command (m for help): d
26. Partition number (1-7): 3
27. 
28. 
29. Command (m for help): d
30. Partition number (1-7): 4
31. 
32. 
33. Command (m for help): p
34. 
35. 
36. Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
37. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
38. Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes
39. 
40. 
41. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
42. 
43. 
44. Command (m for help): w
45. \--保存退出
46. The partition table has been altered!
47. 
48. 
49. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
50. Syncing disks.
51. 
52. 
53. \--现在可以移除磁盘了
54. 文章来源：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-429659-id-5225954.html