VMware 虚拟机扩展磁盘 Centos7 磁盘分区

朱雀 2023-07-03 06:28 190阅读 0赞

VMware 扩展磁盘

关闭虚拟机，在VMware -> 设置 -> 硬盘 -> 扩展

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# 1、查看磁盘情况 #

fdisk -l /dev/sda

> Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors  
> Units = sectors of 1 \* 512 = 512 bytes  
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes  
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes  
> Disk label type: dos  
> Disk identifier: 0x000ac88a
> 
>    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
> /dev/sda1   \*        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux  
> /dev/sda2         2099200   266338303   132119552   8e  Linux LVM

# 2、查看磁盘占用情况 #

df -lh

> Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
> /dev/mapper/cl-root   50G   24G   27G  47% /  
> devtmpfs             5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /dev  
> tmpfs                5.8G   84K  5.8G   1% /dev/shm  
> tmpfs                5.8G  8.8M  5.8G   1% /run  
> tmpfs                5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup  
> /dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot  
> /dev/mapper/cl-home   69G  517M   68G   1% /home  
> tmpfs                1.2G   16K  1.2G   1% /run/user/42  
> tmpfs                1.2G     0  1.2G   0% /run/user/0

# 3、创建新分区 #

fdisk /dev/sda

> 弹出的命令行中输入对应的命令，命令说明如下：
> 
> Command action  
> a toggle a bootable flag  
> b edit bsd disklabel  
> c toggle the dos compatibility flag  
> d delete a partition  
> g create a new empty GPT partition table  
> G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table  
> l list known partition types  
> m print this menu  
> n add a new partition  
> o create a new empty DOS partition table  
> p print the partition table  
> q quit without saving changes  
> s create a new empty Sun disklabel  
> t change a partition's system id  
> u change display/entry units  
> v verify the partition table  
> w write table to disk and exit  
> x extra functionality (experts only)

## 3.1、命令行输入 n 创建新分区 ##

>     [root@centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
>     
>     The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
>     the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
>     I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
>     Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
>     
>     Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
>     Be careful before using the write command.
>     
>     
>     Command (m for help): n

## 3.2、命令行输入 p 设置分区类型为主分区 ##

>     Command (m for help): n
>     Partition type:
>        p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
>        e   extended
>     Select (default p): p

## 3.3、**设置分区数量，这里输入为 3** ##

>     Command (m for help): n
>     Partition type:
>        p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
>        e   extended
>     Select (default p): p
>     Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3

## 3.4、**修改分区大小，我们这里取默认大小，直接按两次回车即可（开始和结束位置）** ##

>     Command (m for help): n
>     Partition type:
>        p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
>        e   extended
>     Select (default p): p
>     Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
>     First sector (266338304-1048575999, default 266338304): 
>     Using default value 266338304
>     Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (266338304-1048575999, default 1048575999): 
>     Using default value 1048575999
>     Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 373 GiB is set

## 3.5、**输入 t 修改分区编号** ##

## 3.6、**修改分区编号为 3** ##

## 3.7、**选择分区格式,我们选择lvm，所以输入 8e** ##

>     Hex code (type L to list all codes):     L
>     
>      0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
>      1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
>      2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
>      3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
>      4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
>      5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
>      6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
>      7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
>      8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
>      9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
>      a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
>      b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
>      c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
>      e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
>      f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
>     10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
>     11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
>     12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
>     14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
>     16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
>     17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
>     18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
>     1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
>     1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
>     1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      
>     Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
>     Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

## 3.8、** 输入 w 保存分区并退出** ##

>     Command (m for help): w
>     The partition table has been altered!
>     
>     Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
>     
>     WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
>     The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
>     the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
>     Syncing disks.

# 4、重启系统 #

reboot

# 5、查看已有卷组名 #

vgdisplay

>     --- Volume group ---
>       VG Name               cl
>       System ID             
>       Format                lvm2
>       Metadata Areas        1
>       Metadata Sequence No  4
>       VG Access             read/write
>       VG Status             resizable
>       MAX LV                0
>       Cur LV                3
>       Open LV               3
>       Max PV                0
>       Cur PV                1
>       Act PV                1
>       VG Size               <126.00 GiB
>       PE Size               4.00 MiB
>       Total PE              32255
>       Alloc PE / Size       32254 / 125.99 GiB
>       Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
>       VG UUID               zlg3Lh-rWHl-ozXP-FfIL-xs2w-yT7a-2k3VgA

在本机中卷组为cl.(后面会用到)

# 6、**为新分配的空间创建一个新的物理卷** #

pvcreate /dev/sda3

>     Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

注意：如果出现错误说pvcreate命令找不到，则执行：

yum install pv

# 7、**使用新的物理卷来扩展 LVM 的 VolGroup** #

vgextend cl /dev/sda3

**这里的cl即为第5步中查出来的卷组名**. 命令执行输出如下：

>     [root@lenmom ~]# vgextend cl /dev/sda3
>       Volume group "cl" successfully extended

# 8、** 扩展 LVM 的逻辑卷 /dev/cl/home** #

## **8.1、先查看逻辑卷集合** ##

lvdisplay

输出如下：

>     [root@lenmom ~]# lvdisplay
>       --- Logical volume ---
>       LV Path                /dev/cl/swap
>       LV Name                swap
>       VG Name                cl
>       LV UUID                LM5xZa-J1Af-XPIu-CQYK-2JTw-Cw9N-JOmqdm
>       LV Write Access        read/write
>       LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-05-31 15:37:32 +0800
>       LV Status              available
>       # open                 2
>       LV Size                <7.88 GiB
>       Current LE             2016
>       Segments               1
>       Allocation             inherit
>       Read ahead sectors     auto
>       - currently set to     8192
>       Block device           253:1
>        
>       --- Logical volume ---
>       LV Path                /dev/cl/home
>       LV Name                home
>       VG Name                cl
>       LV UUID                U2TrdQ-ihpb-SNr3-U1cq-qOKr-4gw0-rYNmOG
>       LV Write Access        read/write
>       LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-05-31 15:37:32 +0800
>       LV Status              available
>       # open                 1
>       LV Size                <68.12 GiB
>       Current LE             17438
>       Segments               1
>       Allocation             inherit
>       Read ahead sectors     auto
>       - currently set to     8192
>       Block device           253:2
>        
>       --- Logical volume ---
>       LV Path                /dev/cl/root
>       LV Name                root
>       VG Name                cl
>       LV UUID                xXKaHg-WKW0-H3e2-dtjx-MJLS-bUcm-PpPw3z
>       LV Write Access        read/write
>       LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-05-31 15:37:34 +0800
>       LV Status              available
>       # open                 1
>       LV Size                50.00 GiB
>       Current LE             12800
>       Segments               1
>       Allocation             inherit
>       Read ahead sectors     auto
>       - currently set to     8192
>       Block device           253:0

这里我们选择扩展/dev/cl/home逻辑卷

## 8.2、**扩展逻辑卷/dev/cl/home空间** ##

lvextend  /dev/cl/home  /dev/sda3

输出为：

>     [root@lenmom ~]# lvextend  /dev/cl/home  /dev/sda3
>       Size of logical volume cl/home changed from <68.12 GiB (17438 extents) to 441.11 GiB (112925 extents).
>       Logical volume cl/home successfully resized.

可以看到原有的磁盘空间从68G扩展到了441G,

**lvextend参数-L是指定大小 如果不输入-L +10G 则默认使用全部**

# 9、**调整逻辑卷的大小** #

xfs_growfs /dev/cl/home

> \[root@lenmom ~\]\# xfs\_growfs /dev/cl/home  
> meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=4464128 blks  
> = sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1  
> = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0  
> data = bsize=4096 blocks=17856512, imaxpct=25  
> = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks  
> naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1  
> log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=8719, version=2  
> = sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1  
> realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0  
> data blocks changed from 17856512 to 115635200

注意：

有些地方说要使用resize2fs命令更新系统识别的文件系统大小，但是亲测要使用xfs\_growfs命令。

# 10、**检验结果** #

>  
> 
>     [root@lenmom ~]# lvscan
>       ACTIVE            '/dev/cl/swap' [<7.88 GiB] inherit
>       ACTIVE            '/dev/cl/home' [441.11 GiB] inherit
>       ACTIVE            '/dev/cl/root' [50.00 GiB] inherit

也可以使用下面的方式来检验

>     [root@palolenmom ~]# df -h
>     Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
>     /dev/mapper/cl-root   50G   14G   37G  27% /
>     devtmpfs             5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /dev
>     tmpfs                5.8G   84K  5.8G   1% /dev/shm
>     tmpfs                5.8G  8.7M  5.8G   1% /run
>     tmpfs                5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
>     /dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
>     /dev/mapper/cl-home  442G   23G  419G   6% /home
>     tmpfs                1.2G   16K  1.2G   1% /run/user/42
>     tmpfs                1.2G     0  1.2G   0% /run/user/0

结束，基本思路与操作可行，我自己试的时候有几处不一样，多想想就明白了。

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