阿里大牛纯手写的微服务入门笔记，从基础到进阶直接封神

超、凢脫俗 2024-03-31 11:51 71阅读 0赞

### 技术选型 ###

maven：3.3.9

数据库：MySQL 5.7

持久层: SpingData Jpa

其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

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模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程

shop-common 公共模块【实体类】

shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 807x】

shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 808x】

shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 809x】

![7a04c65134e21e34ffbd5785ac8f8301.png][]

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微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

![10f4686eeb9705a9c62ded8d803a3981.png][]

在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者， 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者

完整版SpringCloudAlibaba学习笔记的获取方式：关注+转发后，私信【210】即可获取

![953b048a4e1962d12caa46d051415357.png][]

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创建父工程

创建一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version> </parent> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF- 8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud- alibaba.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>$\{spring-cloud.version\}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId> <version>$\{spring-cloud-alibaba.version\}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>

版本对应：

![121b0653b0c795f464c37bad6e07751a.png][]

创建基础模块

1 创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.56</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.6</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

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创建实体类

//用户 @Entity(name = "shop\_user") @Data public class User \{ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer uid;//主键 private String username;//用户名 private String password;//密码 private String telephone;//手机号 \}

//商品 @Entity(name = "shop\_product") @Data public class Product \{ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer pid;//主键 private String pname;//商品名称 private Double pprice;//商品价格 private Integer stock;//库存 \}

private Integer pid;//商品id private String pname;//商品名称 private Double pprice;//商品单价 private Integer number;//购买数量 \}

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创建用户微服务

步骤:

1 创建模块 导入依赖

2 创建SpringBoot主类

3 加入配置文件

4 创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao)

新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作

1 创建pom.xml

2 编写主类

@SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class UserApplication \{ public static void main(String\[\] args) \{ SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args); \} \}

3 创建配置文件

server: port: 8071 spring: application: name: service-product datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql:///shop? serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true username: root password: root jpa: properties: hibernate: hbm2ddl: auto: update dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

###  ###

创建商品微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop\_product 的模块，并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

2 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima; @SpringBootApplication public class ProductApplication \{ public static void main(String\[\] args) \{ SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args); \} \}

3 创建配置文件application.yml

server: port: 8081 spring: application: name: service-product datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql:///shop? serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true username: root password: root jpa: properties: hibernate: hbm2ddl: auto: update dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 创建ProductDao接口

package com.itheima.dao; public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> \{ \}

5 创建ProductService接口和实现类

package com.itheima.service.impl; @Service public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService \{ @Autowired private ProductDao productDao; @Override public Product findByPid(Integer pid) \{ return productDao.findById(pid).get(); \} \}

6 创建Controller

@RestController @Slf4j public class ProductController \{ @Autowired private ProductService productService; @GetMapping("/product/\{pid\}") public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) \{ Product product = productService.findByPid(pid); log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product)); return product; \} \}

7 启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop\_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000'); INSERT INTO shop\_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000'); INSERT INTO shop\_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000'); INSERT INTO shop\_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

8 通过浏览器访问服务

![d5db99120a4e4de050b88ae4015c2b2d.png][]

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创建订单微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

2 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima; @SpringBootApplication public class OrderApplication \{ public static void main(String\[\] args) \{ SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); \} \}

3 创建配置文件application.yml

server: port: 8091 spring: application: name: service-product datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql:///shop? serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true username: root password: root jpa: properties: hibernate: hbm2ddl: auto: update dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 创建OrderDao接口

package com.itheima.dao; public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> \{ \}

5 创建OrderService接口和实现类

@Service public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService \{ @Autowired private OrderDao orderDao; @Override public void save(Order order) \{ orderDao.save(order); \} \}

6 创建RestTemplate

@SpringBootApplication public class OrderApplication \{ public static void main(String\[\] args) \{ SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); \} @Bean public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() \{ return new RestTemplate(); \} \}

7 创建Controller

package com.itheima.controller; @RestController @Slf4j public class OrderController \{ @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @Autowired private OrderService orderService; //准备买1件商品 @GetMapping("/order/prod/\{pid\}") public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) \{ log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息"); //通过restTemplate调用商品微服务 Product product = restTemplate.getForObject( "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class); log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product)); Order order = new Order(); order.setUid(1); order.setUsername("测试用户"); order.setPid(product.getPid()); order.setPname(product.getPname()); order.setPprice(product.getPprice()); order.setNumber(1); orderService.save(order); return order; \} \}

7 启动工程,通过浏览器访问服务进行测试

![c92a376f489f89ed2ac062ef1cff9cd2.png][]

总结

完整版SpringCloudAlibaba学习笔记已经为你们打包好了，正确的获取方式：关注+转发后，私信【210】即可获取！

![b4d1cfd0b462b4d0999cd0e78440ffd4.jpeg][]

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[10f4686eeb9705a9c62ded8d803a3981.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/619f3e52190840ad8e31a0dc498f0027.png
[953b048a4e1962d12caa46d051415357.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/a7010825b18949448538dc8b4d63d098.png
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