linux之memcache编译安装及使用

妖狐艹你老母 2024-04-19 08:48 43阅读 0赞

### linux之memcache编译安装及使用 ###

*  1、编译安装memcache
 *   *  安装依赖工具包
     *  下载官方源码
     *  安装libevent依赖和memcache：
 *  2、连接使用memcache
 *   *  telnet连接memcache
     *  常用命令
     *   *  添加修改
         *  添加缓存
         *  修改缓存
         *  设置缓存
         *  读取
         *  删除
         *  清空所有缓存
         *  查看缓存服务器状态
         *  打印版本
         *  打印内存信息

memcache是一套分布式的高速缓存系统，特点为key-value 存储。

# 1、编译安装memcache #

## 安装依赖工具包 ##

编译安装memcache、redis等,需要 gcc,make,cmake,autoconf,libtool 等工具, 直接使用yum安装即可.

yum install -y gcc make cmake autoconf libtool

## 下载官方源码 ##

memcached依赖于libevent库，libevent是一个轻量级的基于事件驱动的高性能的开源网络库，并且支持多个平台，对多个平台的I/O复用技术进行了封装，当我们编译库的代码时，编译的脚本将会根据OS支持的处理事件机制，来编译相应的代码，从而在libevent接口上保持一致，因此需要先安装 libevent。

libevent下载地址：http://libevent.org/，最新版本2.1.11

memcache官网下载地址：http://memcached.org/，最新版本1.5.17

cd /opt/
    wget https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/download/release-2.1.11-stable/libevent-2.1.11-stable.tar.gz　
    wget http://www.memcached.org/files/memcached-1.5.17.tar.gz

## 安装libevent依赖和memcache： ##

tar zxvf libevent-2.1.11-stable.tar.gz
    
    cd libevent-2.1.11-stable
    
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent　　
    
    make && make install
    
    cd ..
    tar zxvf memcached-1.5.17.tar.gz
    
    cd memcached-1.5.17
    
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
    
    make && make install

注意在configure过程中如果报错,一般是缺少库,安装完成后就会在/usr/local目录下看到memcached目录,启动memcache:

cd /usr/local/memcached
    /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 8192M -p 11211 -c 2048 -I 2m -u memcached

主要参数如下：  
\-d 选项是启动一个守护进程，  
\-m 是分配给Memcache使用的内存数量，单位是MB，这里是8192MB  
\-p 是设置Memcache监听的端口，我这里设置了11211，最好是1024以上的端口  
\-c 选项是最大运行的并发连接数，默认是1024，这里设置了2048  
\-I 调整分配page页的大小，默认1M，最小1K，最大1024M；  
\-u 是运行Memcache的用户，如果当前为 root 的话，需要使用此参数指定用户memcached  
\-l 是监听的服务器IP地址，如果有多个地址的话，默认是服务器的IP地址，可省略  
\-P 是设置保存Memcache的pid文件，可省略

也可以启动多个守护进程，但是端口不能重复

# 2、连接使用memcache #

## telnet连接memcache ##

[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.168.168 11211   
    Trying 192.168.168.168...  
    Connected to 192.168.168.168 (192.168.168.168).  
    Escape character is '^]'.

连接成功之后，即可对memcache进行操作管理。

## 常用命令 ##

### 添加修改 ###

命令格式：<command> <key> <flags> <exptime> <bytes>\r\n<data block>\r\n
    <command>：add， set或 replace
    <key> ：缓存的名字
    <flag>：16位无符号整数，和key要存储的数据一起存储，并在程序get缓存时，返回。
    <exptime>：过去时间，0 表示永远不过期，如果非零，表示unix时间或距此秒数
    <bytes>：存储数据的字节数
     \r\n： 表示换行回车
     命令结果：
                  STORED ：表示成功
                  NOT_STORED ： 表示失败

### 添加缓存 ###

add id 1 0 4  
    1234  
    STORED  
             如果key已经存在，则会添加失败。

### 修改缓存 ###

replace id 1 0 4  
    3456  
    STORED  
         key存在时，成功；不存在时，失败。

### 设置缓存 ###

set id 1 0 4  
    2345  
    STORED  
        key不存在时，添加【add】；已存在时，替换【replace】。

### 读取 ###

命令格式：get +\\r\\n

\+：表示一个或多个key，多个key时，用空格隔开

a、读取单个key的缓存

get id  
    VALUE id 1 4  
    1234  
    END

b、读取多个key的缓存

get id name  
    VALUE id 1 4  
    3456  
    VALUE name 1 3  
    jim  
    END

### 删除 ###

命令格式：delete \\r\\n

< key >：要删除的key

删除id

delete id   
    DELETED

### 清空所有缓存 ###

命令格式：flush\_all

flush_all  
    OK

### 查看缓存服务器状态 ###

命令：stats

stats
    STAT pid 4843
    STAT uptime 863252
    STAT time 1568601757
    STAT version 1.5.16
    STAT libevent 2.1.10-stable
    STAT pointer_size 64
    STAT rusage_user 104.157308
    STAT rusage_system 19.241643
    STAT max_connections 2048
    STAT curr_connections 12
    STAT total_connections 24
    STAT rejected_connections 0
    STAT connection_structures 13
    STAT reserved_fds 20
    STAT cmd_get 53
    STAT cmd_set 26
    STAT cmd_flush 0
    STAT cmd_touch 0
    STAT get_hits 0
    STAT get_misses 53
    STAT get_expired 0
    STAT get_flushed 0
    STAT delete_misses 3
    STAT delete_hits 2
    STAT incr_misses 0
    STAT incr_hits 0
    STAT decr_misses 0
    STAT decr_hits 0
    STAT cas_misses 0
    STAT cas_hits 0
    STAT cas_badval 0
    STAT touch_hits 0
    STAT touch_misses 0
    STAT auth_cmds 0
    STAT auth_errors 0
    STAT bytes_read 20596
    STAT bytes_written 594
    STAT limit_maxbytes 8589934592
    STAT accepting_conns 1
    STAT listen_disabled_num 0
    STAT time_in_listen_disabled_us 0
    STAT threads 4
    STAT conn_yields 0
    STAT hash_power_level 16
    STAT hash_bytes 524288
    STAT hash_is_expanding 0
    STAT slab_reassign_rescues 0
    STAT slab_reassign_chunk_rescues 0
    STAT slab_reassign_evictions_nomem 0
    STAT slab_reassign_inline_reclaim 0
    STAT slab_reassign_busy_items 0
    STAT slab_reassign_busy_deletes 0
    STAT slab_reassign_running 0
    STAT slabs_moved 0
    STAT lru_crawler_running 0
    STAT lru_crawler_starts 68596
    STAT lru_maintainer_juggles 4553164
    STAT malloc_fails 0
    STAT log_worker_dropped 0
    STAT log_worker_written 0
    STAT log_watcher_skipped 0
    STAT log_watcher_sent 0
    STAT bytes 0
    STAT curr_items 0
    STAT total_items 26
    STAT slab_global_page_pool 0
    STAT expired_unfetched 3
    STAT evicted_unfetched 0
    STAT evicted_active 0
    STAT evictions 0
    STAT reclaimed 3
    STAT crawler_reclaimed 0
    STAT crawler_items_checked 56
    STAT lrutail_reflocked 0
    STAT moves_to_cold 17
    STAT moves_to_warm 0
    STAT moves_within_lru 0
    STAT direct_reclaims 0
    STAT lru_bumps_dropped 0
    END

### 打印版本 ###

命令：version

version  
    VERSION 1.5.16

### 打印内存信息 ###

命令：stats slabs

stats slabs
    STAT 4:chunk_size 192
    STAT 4:chunks_per_page 5461
    STAT 4:total_pages 1
    STAT 4:total_chunks 5461
    STAT 4:used_chunks 0
    STAT 4:free_chunks 5461
    STAT 4:free_chunks_end 0
    STAT 4:mem_requested 0
    STAT 4:get_hits 0
    STAT 4:cmd_set 2
    STAT 4:delete_hits 0
    STAT 4:incr_hits 0
    STAT 4:decr_hits 0
    STAT 4:cas_hits 0
    STAT 4:cas_badval 0
    STAT 4:touch_hits 0
    STAT 5:chunk_size 240
    STAT 5:chunks_per_page 4369
    STAT 5:total_pages 1
    STAT 5:total_chunks 4369
    STAT 5:used_chunks 0
    STAT 5:free_chunks 4369
    STAT 5:free_chunks_end 0
    STAT 5:mem_requested 0
    STAT 5:get_hits 0
    STAT 5:cmd_set 5
    STAT 5:delete_hits 0
    STAT 5:incr_hits 0
    STAT 5:decr_hits 0
    STAT 5:cas_hits 0
    STAT 5:cas_badval 0
    STAT 5:touch_hits 0
    STAT 9:chunk_size 600
    STAT 9:chunks_per_page 1747
    STAT 9:total_pages 1
    STAT 9:total_chunks 1747
    STAT 9:used_chunks 0
    STAT 9:free_chunks 1747
    STAT 9:free_chunks_end 0
    STAT 9:mem_requested 0
    STAT 9:get_hits 0
    STAT 9:cmd_set 6
    STAT 9:delete_hits 0
    STAT 9:incr_hits 0
    STAT 9:decr_hits 0
    STAT 9:cas_hits 0
    STAT 9:cas_badval 0
    STAT 9:touch_hits 0
    STAT 12:chunk_size 1184
    STAT 12:chunks_per_page 885
    STAT 12:total_pages 1
    STAT 12:total_chunks 885
    STAT 12:used_chunks 0
    STAT 12:free_chunks 885
    STAT 12:free_chunks_end 0
    STAT 12:mem_requested 0
    STAT 12:get_hits 0
    STAT 12:cmd_set 5
    STAT 12:delete_hits 0
    STAT 12:incr_hits 0
    STAT 12:decr_hits 0
    STAT 12:cas_hits 0
    STAT 12:cas_badval 0
    STAT 12:touch_hits 0
    STAT 13:chunk_size 1480
    STAT 13:chunks_per_page 708
    STAT 13:total_pages 1
    STAT 13:total_chunks 708
    STAT 13:used_chunks 0
    STAT 13:free_chunks 708
    STAT 13:free_chunks_end 0
    STAT 13:mem_requested 0
    STAT 13:get_hits 0
    STAT 13:cmd_set 6
    STAT 13:delete_hits 2
    STAT 13:incr_hits 0
    STAT 13:decr_hits 0
    STAT 13:cas_hits 0
    STAT 13:cas_badval 0
    STAT 13:touch_hits 0
    STAT 14:chunk_size 1856
    STAT 14:chunks_per_page 564
    STAT 14:total_pages 1
    STAT 14:total_chunks 564
    STAT 14:used_chunks 0
    STAT 14:free_chunks 564
    STAT 14:free_chunks_end 0
    STAT 14:mem_requested 0
    STAT 14:get_hits 0
    STAT 14:cmd_set 2
    STAT 14:delete_hits 0
    STAT 14:incr_hits 0
    STAT 14:decr_hits 0
    STAT 14:cas_hits 0
    STAT 14:cas_badval 0
    STAT 14:touch_hits 0
    STAT active_slabs 6
    STAT total_malloced 6291456
    END

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/52lnamp/p/9554340.html  
https://blog.csdn.net/kankan231/article/details/18656623