树莓派安装 Syncthing 自建私有云盘照片备份备份手机相册

布满荆棘的人生 2024-03-23 13:03 45阅读 0赞

手机上存着不少照片，自己又时常折腾手机，总有数据丢失的问题，又对市面上的云盘不怎么放心，所以打算在家里利用树莓派搭建一个私有云。一番查找之后，发现了 syncthing。Syncthing 是一个跨平台，开源且免费的基于 P2P 的文件同步解决方案，支持 Windows，Mac，Linux，Android，syncthing 官方暂不支持iOS平台。

#### 安装 syncthing ####

### sudo apt-get install syncthing ###

pi@pi:~ $ sudo apt-get install syncthing
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree
    Reading state information... Done
    The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
      apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap
    Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
    The following NEW packages will be installed:
      syncthing
    0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
    Need to get 0 B/5,241 kB of archives.
    After this operation, 13.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
    Selecting previously unselected package syncthing.
    (Reading database ... 104795 files and directories currently installed.)
    Preparing to unpack .../syncthing_1.0.0~ds1-1_armhf.deb ...
    Unpacking syncthing (1.0.0~ds1-1) ...
    Setting up syncthing (1.0.0~ds1-1) ...
    Processing triggers for mime-support (3.62) ...
    Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
    Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.31.4-3) ...
    Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...
    Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-4) ...
    pi@pi:~ $syncthing

### 我们安装最新版本　v1.18.3 ###

树莓派输入下面命令安装

wget https://github.com/syncthing/syncthing/releases/download/v1.18.3/syncthing-linux-arm-v1.18.3.tar.gz
    tar -vxf syncthing-linux-arm-v1.18.3.tar.gz
    sudo cp syncthing-linux-arm-v1.18.3/syncthing /usr/bin/syncthing

## 配置 syncthing ##

安装后运行 syncthing 然后会看到下面一行，也就是配置文件位置。安Ctrl+C关闭，打开配置文件修改  
sudo nano /home/pi/.config/syncthing/config.xml

23:49:02 INFO: Loading HTTPS certificate: open /home/pi/.config/syncthing/https-cert.pem: no such file or directory
    sudo nano  /home/pi/.config/syncthing/config.xml

找到下面的内容：127.0.0.1:8384

<gui enabled="true" tls="false" debugging="false">
            <address>127.0.0.1:8384</address>
            <apikey>XLk262RSigRtanHWzAHX6MufD7ySiddM</apikey>
            <theme>default</theme>
     </gui>

修改成：0.0.0.0:8384

<gui enabled="true" tls="false" debugging="false">
            <address>0.0.0.0:8384</address>
            <apikey>XLk262RSigRtanHWzAHX6MufD7ySiddM</apikey>
            <theme>default</theme>
    </gui>

## 再次运行 syncthing ##

在局域网的任意电脑浏览器中输入：http://树莓派的IP地址:8384  
就可以打开下面的配置网页了。

![format_png][]

## 手机照片备份 ##

### 树莓派端（服务器端） ###

接下来，我们在树莓派上建个文件夹做手机照片备份。显然在树莓派的SD卡上做是不现实的，除非你是土豪拥有1T SD卡。我这里用的是树莓派外挂１TB　USB移动硬盘盒。将硬盘挂载到树莓派上，详细查看文章：

**1. 先弄个密码: 点击右上角设置**

![format_png 1][]

**2. 输入用户名和密码，然后点击保存**

![format_png 2][]

**3. 重新打开 http://树莓派的IP地址:8384 ，会要求输入用户名和密码**  
输入用户名和密码然后慢慢研究吧！

![format_png 3][]

**4. 点击Defaul Foler --> 选项　-->　移除，删除默认的共享**

![format_png 4][]

![format_png 5][]

**5. 点击“添加文件夹”， 添加一个共享文件夹放置手机照片，NAS\_K30**

![format_png 6][]

名称和路劲按照自己的需要写, **文件夹ID** 很重要这里要记住，后面手机端要用

![format_png 7][]

由于这个是用于备份的所以设置成　“仅接收”，“旧文件优先”，扫描间隔整个５天。  
由于我们考虑到后期要每星期自动备份所以扫描时间设置成了５天。

![format_png 8][]

树莓派端配置完成

![format_png 9][]

**6. 记住文件夹ID, 等下手机端要输入的**

![format_png 10][]

## 手机端 ##

1. 安装软件

支持平台：Linux Macos Windows Android  
下载Android APP：[https://syncthing.en.softonic.com/android][https_syncthing.en.softonic.com_android]  
其他版本可以在网页下方找到

![format_png 11][]

手机UC浏览器打开网址：[https://syncthing.en.softonic.com/android][https_syncthing.en.softonic.com_android]

![format_png 12][]

=======================或者===========================

![format_png 13][]

2. 打开软件

![format_png 14][]

点击显示设备ID可以查看手机的ID，点击网页管理可以打开网页来配置

![format_png 15][]

3. 添加要备份的文件夹，钥匙位置要填入你服务器端文件夹的ID

文件ID一定要填入上面建立NAS\_K30时的 文件夹ID。  
**文件夹ID 相同的就会被同步**

![format_png 16][]

4. 等待扫描完成

![format_png 17][]

5. 添加设备 备份照片的服务器

点击设备－－+

![format_png 18][]

点击设备标识，扫描或者输入服务器的ID

![format_png 19][]

点击这里可以显示 服务器的ID 与二维码，然后用手机扫描

![format_png 20][]

勾选完成

![format_png 21][]

服务器端会弹出下面对话框，点击“添加设备”

![format_png 22][]

点击共享，勾选NAS\_K30

![format_png 23][]

选择高级， 如果需要可以输入密码，由于是局域网内使用我们暂时不要输入。

![format_png 24][]

然后保存

![format_png 25][]

手机上，点击K30

![format_png 26][]

勾选MyNAS

![format_png 27][]

点击返回

![format_png 28][]

点击返回，设备可以看到同步已经开始。

![format_png 29][]

## Syncthing 开机自启动。弄成后台服务： ##

在 /etc/init.d 目录下建立启动文件

sudo nano /etc/init.d/syncthing

输入：

#!/bin/sh
    ### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides:          Syncthing
    # Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network
    # Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network
    # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
    # Default-Stop:      0 1 6
    # Short-Description: Syncthing
    # Description:       Syncthing is for backups
    ### END INIT INFO
      
    # Documentation available at
    # http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_3.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptfunc.html
    # Debian provides some extra functions though
    . /lib/lsb/init-functions
      
    DAEMON_NAME="syncthing"
    DAEMON_USER=pi
    DAEMON_PATH="/user/bin/syncthing"
    DAEMON_OPTS=""
    DAEMON_PWD="${PWD}"
    DAEMON_DESC=$(get_lsb_header_val $0 "Short-Description")
    DAEMON_PID="/var/run/${DAEMON_NAME}.pid"
    DAEMON_NICE=0
    DAEMON_LOG='/var/log/syncthing'
      
    [ -r "/etc/default/${DAEMON_NAME}" ] && . "/etc/default/${DAEMON_NAME}"
      
    do_start() {
      local result
      
        pidofproc -p "${DAEMON_PID}" "${DAEMON_PATH}" > /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            log_warning_msg "${DAEMON_NAME} is already started"
            result=0
        else
            log_daemon_msg "Starting ${DAEMON_DESC}" "${DAEMON_NAME}"
            touch "${DAEMON_LOG}"
            chown $DAEMON_USER "${DAEMON_LOG}"
            chmod u+rw "${DAEMON_LOG}"
            if [ -z "${DAEMON_USER}" ]; then
                start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --oknodo --background \
                    --nicelevel $DAEMON_NICE \
                    --chdir "${DAEMON_PWD}" \
                    --pidfile "${DAEMON_PID}" --make-pidfile \
                    --exec "${DAEMON_PATH}" -- $DAEMON_OPTS
                result=$?
            else
                start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --oknodo --background \
                    --nicelevel $DAEMON_NICE \
                    --chdir "${DAEMON_PWD}" \
                    --pidfile "${DAEMON_PID}" --make-pidfile \
                    --chuid "${DAEMON_USER}" \
                    --exec "${DAEMON_PATH}" -- $DAEMON_OPTS
                result=$?
            fi
            log_end_msg $result
        fi
        return $result
    }
      
    do_stop() {
        local result
      
        pidofproc -p "${DAEMON_PID}" "${DAEMON_PATH}" > /dev/null
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log_warning_msg "${DAEMON_NAME} is not started"
            result=0
        else
            log_daemon_msg "Stopping ${DAEMON_DESC}" "${DAEMON_NAME}"
            killproc -p "${DAEMON_PID}" "${DAEMON_PATH}"
            result=$?
            log_end_msg $result
            rm "${DAEMON_PID}"
        fi
        return $result
    }
      
    do_restart() {
        local result
        do_stop
        result=$?
        if [ $result = 0 ]; then
            do_start
            result=$?
        fi
        return $result
    }
      
    do_status() {
        local result
        status_of_proc -p "${DAEMON_PID}" "${DAEMON_PATH}" "${DAEMON_NAME}"
        result=$?
        return $result
    }
      
    do_usage() {
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start | stop | restart | status}"
        exit 1
    }
      
    case "$1" in
    start)   do_start;   exit $? ;;
    stop)    do_stop;    exit $? ;;
    restart) do_restart; exit $? ;;
    status)  do_status;  exit $? ;;
    *)       do_usage;   exit  1 ;;
    esac

## 加可执行权限 ##

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/syncthing

## 添加默认启动 ##

sudo update-rc.d syncthing defaults

## 移除默认启动，这个弄错了要用 ##

sudo update-rc.d -f syncthing remove

## 之后你就可以通过命令管理 Syncthing，建议先用 status 查看状态。 ##

sudo service syncthing status
    sudo service syncthing start
    sudo service syncthing stop
    sudo service syncthing restart
    
    pi@pi:~ $ sudo service syncthing status
    ● syncthing.service - LSB: Syncthing
       Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/syncthing; generated)
       Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-10-31 10:12:17 CST; 9min ago
         Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
      Process: 357 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/syncthing start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        Tasks: 20 (limit: 2200)
       Memory: 56.3M
       CGroup: /system.slice/syncthing.service
               ├─398 /usr/bin/syncthing
               └─703 /usr/bin/syncthing
    
    Oct 31 10:12:16 pisystemd[1]: Starting LSB: Syncthing...
    Oct 31 10:12:17 pisyncthing[357]: Starting Syncthing: syncthing.
    Oct 31 10:12:17 pi systemd[1]: Started LSB: Syncthing.
    pi@pi:~ $

## syncthing 命令行控制 ##

syncthing <command> serve decrypt cli  
命令行交互控制  
syncthing cli config \#查看配置情况  
syncthing cli config version get \#查看配置情况  
syncthing cli config folders list \#查看所有配置的文件夹ID  
syncthing cli operations restart \#重启  
syncthing cli operations shutdown \#关闭  
syncthing cli config folders **Fold\_ID** paused get \#获取当前目录的状态  
syncthing cli config folders **Fold\_ID** pause set "true" \#停止当前目录的同步  
syncthing cli config folders **Fold\_ID** pause set "false" \#设置当前目录的同步

pi@pi:~ $ syncthing --help
    Usage: syncthing <command>
    Flags:
      -h, --help    Show context-sensitive help.
    Commands:
      serve
        Run Syncthing
      decrypt <path>
        Decrypt or verify an encrypted folder
      cli
        Command line interface for Syncthing
    Run "syncthing <command> --help" for more information on a command.
    :~ $ syncthing --help
    Usage: syncthing <command>
    Flags:
      -h, --help    Show context-sensitive help.
    Commands:
      serve
        Run Syncthing
      decrypt <path>
        Decrypt or verify an encrypted folder
      cli
        Command line interface for Syncthing
    Run "syncthing <command> --help" for more information on a command.

## Syncthing 天然具有内网穿透功能，完全可以替代百度云盘。 ##

1.  树莓盘和手机端安装然间个人电脑

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[https_syncthing.en.softonic.com_android]: https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fsyncthing.en.softonic.com%2Fandroid
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