Java中配置RabbitMQ基本步骤

野性酷女 2024-02-21 11:36 3阅读 0赞

![f450ce6a02d04f0d81b2e75653e667a1.png][]

在Java中配置RabbitMQ，需要遵循以下步骤：

**1.添加依赖**

在项目的pom.xml文件中添加RabbitMQ的Java客户端依赖：

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
        <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
        <version>5.13.0</version>
    </dependency>

**2.创建连接工厂**

创建一个连接工厂，用于创建与RabbitMQ服务器的连接：

import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
    
    public class RabbitMQConfig {
    
        public static ConnectionFactory createConnectionFactory() {
            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            factory.setHost("localhost"); // 设置RabbitMQ服务器地址
            factory.setPort(5672); // 设置RabbitMQ服务器端口
            factory.setUsername("guest"); // 设置用户名
            factory.setPassword("guest"); // 设置密码
            return factory;
        }
    }

**3.创建生产者和消费者**

创建一个生产者，用于发送消息到RabbitMQ队列：

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
    
    public class Producer {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitMQConfig.createConnectionFactory();
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
    
            String queueName = "test_queue";
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
            String message = "Hello, RabbitMQ!";
            channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            System.out.println("Sent: '" + message + "'");
    
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

创建一个消费者，用于从RabbitMQ队列中接收消息：4

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
    
    public class Consumer {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
            ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitMQConfig.createConnectionFactory();
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
    
            String queueName = "test_queue";
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
            System.out.println("Waiting for messages...");
    
            DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
                String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("Received: '" + message + "'");
            };
            channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
        }
    }

**4.运行生产者和消费者**

分别运行Producer和Consumer类的main方法，生产者将消息发送到RabbitMQ队列，消费者将从队列中接收并处理消息。

[f450ce6a02d04f0d81b2e75653e667a1.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/2a141c780e8940f08ef6807a7dea6672.png