阿里云服务器绑定域名搭建环境到部署项目

喜欢ヅ旅行 2023-10-18 17:13 140阅读 0赞

之前在工作时只有在那什么堡垒机上面搭建环境部署项目，只能用内网访问的，一直想着去接触一下真正的服务器，趁着还有几个月毕业，享受优惠，赶紧到阿里云那里买了个服务器和域名，自己尝试下真正的服务器部署等操作是咋样，见识下！

用到的工具：Xshell Xftp 说到服务器的部署肯定离不开这些工具（这个放个工具的链接 [Xshell+Xftp][Xshell_Xftp]）

### 1.服务器公网ip绑定域名（解析、备案） ###

**解析**

首先当然是先到阿里云官网买个服务器和域名（学生价很便宜，服务器就10块一个月）

登录阿里云控制台，在左上角输入 【域名管理】 定位到域名管理的控制台

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

选择需要绑定的域名点击【解析】

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

添加记录

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

**主机记录：**

www ：  
将域名解析为www.example.com，填写www；  
@ ：  
将域名解析为example.com（不带www），填写@或者不填写；  
mail ：  
将域名解析为mail.example.com，通常用于解析邮箱服务器；  
\* ：  
泛解析，所有子域名均被解析到统一地址（除单独设置的子域名解析）；  
二级域名 ：  
如：mail.example.com或abc.example.com，填写mail或abc；  
手机网站 ：  
如：m.example.com，填写m。

**记录类型：**  
要将域名指向主机服务商提供的IP地址，请选择「A记录」；要将域名指向主机服务商提供的另一个域名，请选择「CNAME记录」。  
建立邮箱：  
需要设置「MX记录」，根据邮箱服务商提供的MX记录填写。

**记录值：**

A记录值请填写您的服务器IP地址（必须为IPv4地址，例如：202.106.0.20），若不清楚IP，请您咨询您的空间服务商。

如果IP地址的格式中带有端口，如：202.106.0.20:8080，则只添加202.106.0.20即可。

**TTL：**

最常用的TTL值为10分钟，我们已为您默认选择，不用修改。  
TTL指各地DNS缓存您域名记录信息的时间。

到这一步，添加了记录后，还需要实名验证，点进前往，填写实名信息

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

需要绑定域名所有者，填写基本信息，然后再上传身份证等信息，提交

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

解析申请完了，（但是因为实名验证需要等待通过验证）需要等待一天左右的审核通过

![20190416144716203.png][]

**备案**

可以直接在阿里云这里申请备案

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

点进去可以看到它提示的备案流程，备案挺麻烦的，审核要个20天

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

我为了学习，直接跳过备案了（也就是服务器ip并未成功绑定域名，如果是香港或者美国的主机服务器不需要备案），反正服务器ip没有绑定域名外网也能访问，又不是正式的产品网站，上面的步骤就当做是我走了个流程吧

### 2.阿里云服务器的环境搭建 ###

刚买的阿里云服务器，登录到控制台，点击【实例】，可以看到你买的服务器，公网ip

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

**修改密码**

刚买的服务器，右上角有个消息红色数字提示，点进去，可以查看到你的初始密码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

在控制台点击【更多】-【密码/秘钥】-【重置密码】 进入修改密码（就是远程连接该服务器的密码）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

**登录服务器**

1）你可以选择用阿里提供的网页版连接工具，点击【登录】-【立即登录】

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

弹出窗口，填写密码，密码就是你刚才修改的新密码，没修改就是你的初始密码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

确定进入服务器的控制台（用本地xshell等工具连接效果一样）

![20190416145939235.png][]

2）使用Xshell远程连接服务器（推荐，功能更加大）

打开你的xshell，点击左上角的+号新建会话，填写名称（随意），协议默认选SSH就行，主机填写你服务器的ip，然后点击连接

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

然后它会提示你输入用户名和密码，用户名就是root（一般刚买的都是，不排除你买的镜像服务器，然后被人设置了别的用户），密码就是你自己设置的或者阿里云初始化给你的那个

![20190417104027958.png][] ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

成功连接阿里云的服务器

![20190417104429511.png][]

**安装mysql**

1.新建mysql文件夹，添加mysql组，用户：

mkdir -p /usr/local/src/mysql

groupadd mysql

useradd -d /var/lib/mysql -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql

![20190416150714522.png][]

2.上传mysql安装包到新创建mysql目录

1）使用xftp上传本地的jar安装包到服务器

先下载[mysql5.6通用版64位][mysql5.6_64]到本地

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

打开xftp工具，点击新建一个连接 ，填写服务器ip（就是你买的服务器的ip）和用户名（一般就是root），密码就是你服务器修改或者初始的密码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

点击ok等待一两秒，就连接进去了，选择本地的mysql包，和你要上传的位置，直接鼠标拖过去，OK

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

2）也可以用在线下载命令：（用的是服务器那边的网络，还挺快！）

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

3.解压压缩包

tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

4.重命名文件夹，删除压缩包

mv mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql5.6
    rm -rf mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

5.将所属组改为mysql,执行脚本（根据你们实际的路径）

cd /usr/local/src/mysql
    chown -R mysql:mysql mysql5.6/
    cd /usr/local/src/mysql/mysql5.6/scripts/
    ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/src/mysql/mysql5.6 --datadir=/usr/local/src/mysql/mysql5.6/data

要是遇到这个错误：

FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql\_install\_db:  
Data::Dumper

解决方法 ：安装autoconf库

命令：yum -y install autoconf

6.复制文件到新的路径下及文件名

cd /usr/local/src/mysql/mysql5.6/support-files　
    cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
    ( cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'?Y 同意重写该配置文件 )
    cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

7.编辑软件运行环境

vim /etc/profile  
写入下面两行内容：  
export MYSQL\_HOME=/usr/local/mysql  
export PATH=$MYSQL\_HOME/bin:$PATH

保存后执行  
source /etc/profile

8.将MySQL添加为受chkconfig管理的服务,设置开机自动启动mysql

chkconfig --add mysql
    chkconfig mysql on

9.启动mysql

service mysql start

若是报错：

\# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart  
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my\_print\_defaults: command not found  
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my\_print\_defaults: command not found  
MySQL server PID file could not be found! \[FAILED\]  
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my\_print\_defaults: command not found  
Starting MySQLCouldn't find MySQL server (./bin/mysqld\_safe\[FAILED\]

原因：/etc/my.cnf 文件 缺少basedir 和 datadir 两个路径，加上即可（注意是你自己的实际安装路径，不要配错！）

解决方法：

vim /etc/my.cnf

\[mysqld\]  
...........  
...........  
basedir=/usr/local/src/mysql/mysql5.6  
datadir=/usr/local/src/mysql/mysql5.6/data

10.修改数据库root的密码

cd /usr/local/src/mysql/mysql5.6/bin/
    mysqladmin -u root password '123'

11. 配置防火墙

vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

写入下面内容：

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

12.保存，重启

service iptables save
    service iptables restart

13.开放阿里云服务器的3306端口（我这里测试用的直接全部端口都开放了，实际环境千万不要这么做！其实下面安装tomcat后还要开放8080端口，我全部开放是为了方便）

到阿里云控制台--实例--更多--安全组--配置安全组--点击新建--新建

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

这里查看设置开放端口的详情

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

#### **安装jdk** ####

1.创建一个目录

mkdir -p /usr/java/jdk7
    cd /usr/java/jdk7

2.下载 [jdk-7u80-linux-x64 .tar.gz][] 到本地

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

1）用xftp工具将包拉到阿里云服务器里面 /usr/java/jdk7 目录下

2）在线下载（这个下载的名字带上参数了 我去，自己下载后再改名字就行）

wget https://download.oracle.com/otn/java/jdk/7u80-b15/jdk-7u80-linux-x64.tar.gz?AuthParam=1555407404_281802a61b78db2b8be63b10d543cd10

3.解压

tar -zxvf jdk-7u80-linux-x64 .tar.gz

4.配置环境

vim /etc/profile

加入以下内容

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk7/jdk1.7
    JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk7/jdk1.7/jre
    CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
    PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

不知道为什么，我一开始是直接每一行前面加export，但是一直不行，非得这样才行！

5.保存，测试

source /etc/profile

java -version

![20190416180710226.png][]

看到这个OK

### 安装Tomcat ###

1.创建目录

mkdir /usr/local/src/tomcat
    cd /usr/local/src/tomcat

2.用xftp把本地的tomcat安装包拉到服务器上 /usr/local/src/tomcat 目录下

放个 [apache-tomcat-7.0.92.tar.gz][] 地址

3.解压

tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.92.tar.gz

4.重命名目录和删除压缩包

mv apache-tomcat-7.0.92 tomcat7
    rm -rf apache-tomcat-7.0.92.tar.gz

5.写入配置

cd /usr/local/src/tomcat/tomcat7/bin/
    vim setclasspath.sh

在文件最后加上

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk7/jdk1.7
    export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk7/jdk1.7/jre

6.启动tomcat

cd /usr/local/src/tomcat/tomcat7/bin/
    ./startup.sh

7.配置防火墙

vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

写入：开通8080端口

\-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT

8.重启防火墙

service iptables save

service iptables restart

9.测试是否成功

你买的那个阿里云的服务器是公网，你可以试下在你本地的cmd里面ping一下你的公网ip，是可以ping得通的

所以现在你可以直接在浏览器地址栏输入 Http://你的公网ip:8080

第一次访问可能要十秒左右（反正我是等了这么久，还以为失败了呢）

然后就可以看到我们熟悉的咪咪了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

到这里我们服务器上面的最基本的项目运行环境已经安装好了，下面可以部署项目了

### 部署项目 ###

其实很简单，就是将你本地的数据库转个sql文件拉到服务器的mysql数据库执行下，然后把你项目打成包放到服务器的tomcat的webapp目录下，启动tomcat，就OK了。

当然sql文件跟你的项目都用xftp拉到你的阿里云服务器上

这一系列简单的操作我就不再说了，部署后，直接浏览器输入 [你的公网ip:8080/][ip_8080]你的项目名

这里的8080端口是你没有设置tomcat的访问端口（默认就是8080），而TCP/IP协议默认80端口，如果你访问时不写端口，就是访问的80端口，就是访问不到，这个要注意

下面是我自己做的一个小网站，放上去成功运行！

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

[Xshell_Xftp]: https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_42132143/11122129
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190416143101369.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190416143204710.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190416144439770.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190416142955844.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190416144345640.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjEzMjE0Mw==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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