SpringBoot中使用类型安全的配置来注入大量自定义属性

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2023-10-18 15:56 101阅读 0赞

## 场景 ##

使用@Value注入每个自定义属性很麻烦，当自定义属性很多时就需要注入很多次。

SpringBoot提供了基于类型安全的配置方式，通过@ConfigurationProperties将properties中的属性和一个Bean中的属性关联，从而实现类型安全的配置。

## 实现 ##

1.在application.properties中添加属性

book.author=Badao
    book.name=SpringBoot
    book.price=50
    book.time=2019
    book.other=liumang
    book.qizhi=qizhi

2.在Controller中添加注解

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="book")

3.区别

使用类型安全的配置不用在属性上添加@Value注解，但是所有属性要有set和get方法。

举例

新建BookController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;
    
    import javax.sound.midi.MidiDevice.Info;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    @EnableAutoConfiguration
    @Controller
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="book")
    public class BookController {
     
     
     private String author;
     
     
     private String name;
     
     private String price;
    
     private String time;
     
     private String other;
     
     private String qizhi;
     
     @RequestMapping("/bookInfo")
     @ResponseBody
     public String showInfo() {
      
      return author+":"+name+":"+price+":"+other+":"+qizhi;
     }
     
     public String getAuthor() {
      return author;
     }
    
     public void setAuthor(String author) {
      this.author = author;
     }
    
     public String getName() {
      return name;
     }
    
     public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
     }
    
     public String getPrice() {
      return price;
     }
    
     public void setPrice(String price) {
      this.price = price;
     }
    
     public String getTime() {
      return time;
     }
    
     public void setTime(String time) {
      this.time = time;
     }
    
     public String getOther() {
      return other;
     }
    
     public void setOther(String other) {
      this.other = other;
     }
    
     public String getQizhi() {
      return qizhi;
     }
    
     public void setQizhi(String qizhi) {
      this.qizhi = qizhi;
     }
    
     public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(BookController.class, args);
     }
     
    }

## 效果 ##

运行上面main方法，打开浏览器输入：

[http://localhost:8080/bookInfo][http_localhost_8080_bookInfo]

![Image 1][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

源码下载：

[https://download.csdn.net/download/badao\_liumang\_qizhi/11046525][https_download.csdn.net_download_badao_liumang_qizhi_11046525]

[http_localhost_8080_bookInfo]: http://localhost:8080/bookInfo
[Image 1]: 
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190321221926247.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_download.csdn.net_download_badao_liumang_qizhi_11046525]: https://download.csdn.net/download/badao_liumang_qizhi/11046525