Springboot（六）自定义配置文件属性值注入两种方法

古城微笑少年丶 2022-05-22 03:23 258阅读 0赞

前言：

在配置文件中自己定义的值，怎么注入到程序中，比如：mq队列的名称，缓存的key，文件的路径等。

代码：

首先建一个springboot工程

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.xhx.springboot</groupId>
        <artifactId>springboot2</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>springboot2</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    
    </project>

自己定义一个配置文件test.properties

my.name=xuhaixing
    my.age=25
    my.sex=man

启动类：

package com.xhx.springboot;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Springboot2Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Springboot2Application.class, args);
        }
    }

第一种方式@Value注入：

其中@PropertySource指明要加载的配置文件

@Value("$\{\}")，注入配置文件中的值

package com.xhx.springboot.config;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
    
    /**
     * made by xuhaixing
     * 18-4-8 下午9:01
     */
    
    
    @Configuration  //证明这是一个配置类
    @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:test.properties"}, ignoreResourceNotFound = true)//可以放多个,{}里面用,分开
    public class User {
    
        //可以不用set方法,直接就能注入,属于注入
        @Value("${my.name}")
        private String name;
    
        @Value("${my.age}")
        private int age;
    
        @Value("${my.sex}")
        private String sex;
    
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public String getSex() {
            return sex;
        }
    
    }

可以在controller中把user类注入，然后测试一下：

package com.xhx.springboot.controller;
    
    import com.xhx.springboot.config.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /**
     * made by xuhaixing
     * 18-4-8 下午9:48
     */
    @RestController
    public class HelloController {
    
        @Autowired
        private User user;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/getUser")
        public String getUser() {
            return user.getName() + " " + user.getSex() + " " + user.getAge();
        }
    }

第二种方式 prefix：

package com.xhx.springboot.config;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
    
    /**
     * made by xuhaixing
     * 18-4-8 下午9:58
     */
    @Configuration
    @PropertySource(value = "classpath:test.properties")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "my")  //需要有set方法
    public class UserPrefix {
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private String sex;
    
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public void setSex(String sex) {
            this.sex = sex;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public String getSex() {
            return sex;
        }
    }

然后注入到controller中，测试

package com.xhx.springboot.controller;
    
    import com.xhx.springboot.config.UserPrefix;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /**
     * made by xuhaixing
     * 18-4-8 下午10:01
     */
    @RestController
    @EnableConfigurationProperties({UserPrefix.class})  //激活配置,测试了一下,也可以没有
    public class HelloPrefixController {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserPrefix userPrefix;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/getUserPrefix")
        public String getUserPrefix() {
            return userPrefix.getName() + " " + userPrefix.getSex() + " " + userPrefix.getAge();
        }
    
    }

[我的github地址][github]

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![20190217164239289.jpg][]

[github]: https://github.com/xuhaixing/myDocument.git
[20190217164239289.jpg]: /images/20220522/e865a40fb2e24244bd67c519c9e220de.png