使用 Packer 和 VMware Player 构建 OVA

川长思鸟来 2023-10-01 10:19 4阅读 0赞

#### 封隔器 OVA 示例 ####

我遇到了一些其他人很幸运的好例子：

*  [基础设施即代码：使用 Packer 创建 Linux (RHEL/CentOS) 基础映像][Packer _ Linux _RHEL_CentOS_]
 *  [打包机-centos-7][-centos-7]
 *  [打包模板][Link 1]
 *  [自动化示例][Link 2]
 *  [打包机-centos7-esxi][-centos7-esxi]
 *  [打包模板][Link 3]

#### 封隔器配置文件 ####

在所有这些示例之间，我创建了自己的配置并确保它们没问题：

<> tree
    .
    ├── ansible
    │   ├── main.yml
    │   └── requirements.yml
    ├── centos7.json
    ├── http
    │   └── ks.cfg
    ├── iso
    │   └── CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso
    └── scripts
        └── post-install.sh

首先让我们确保打包**器**配置没问题：

<> packer validate centos7.json
    Template validated successfully.

我也在**kickstart**文件上做了同样的事情（最初它给了我一个警告）：

<> ksvalidator http/ks.cfg
    The following problem occurred on line 5 of the kickstart file:
    
    Unknown command: unsupported_hardware

但随后指定正确的版本摆脱了警告：

<> ksvalidator -v RHEL7 http/ks.cfg && echo $?
    0

我也必须获得最新版本的Python模块来获得**Kickstart中**的验证工作（并修复一个文件指向正确的模块：**orderedset** VS**有序集**，修复程序中所描述[的python-pykickstart][python-pykickstart]）。这是使用**pip**安装的模块的版本：

<> pip2 show pykickstart
    ---
    Metadata-Version: 1.1
    Name: pykickstart
    Version: 3.7
    Summary: Python module for manipulating kickstart files
    Home-page: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/pykickstart
    Author: Chris Lumens
    Author-email: clumens@redhat.com
    License: UNKNOWN
    Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
    Requires:
    Classifiers:
      Programming Language :: Python :: 3

#### VMware Player 的 Packer 错误 ####

期间我遇到了几个错误`packer build`，以下是我记得的错误：

*缺少 Vmware-VIX*

最初遇到一个错误，其中**vmrum**不存在（[此处][Link 4]讨论）。为了修复这个错误，我安装了**vmware-vix**：

<> chmod +x VMware-VIX-1.17.0-6661328.x86_64.bundle
    <> sudo ./VMware-VIX-1.17.0-6661328.x86_64.bundle
    Extracting VMware Installer...done.
    You must accept the VMware VIX API End User License Agreement to
    continue.  Press Enter to proceed.

然后我看到了 vmrun 可执行文件：

<> rehash
    <> which vmrun
    /usr/bin/vmrun

仅供参考的是我正在运行的**vmplayer**版本（这是在 ubuntu 16.04 上）：

<> vmware-installer -l
    Product Name         Product Version
    ==================== ====================
    vmware-player        14.1.1.7528167
    vmware-vix           1.17.0.6661328

*缺少 qemu-img*

然后我看到了以下内容：

<> packer build centos7.json
    vmware-iso output will be in this color.
    
    Build 'vmware-iso' errored: Failed creating VMware driver: Unable to initialize any driver for this platform. The errors
    from each driver are shown below. Please fix at least one driver
    to continue:
    * exec: "vmware": executable file not found in $PATH
    * exec: "vmware": executable file not found in $PATH
    * Neither 'vmware-vdiskmanager', nor 'qemu-img' found in path.
    One of these is required to configure disks for VMware Player.
    * Neither 'vmware-vdiskmanager', nor 'qemu-img' found in path.
    One of these is required to configure disks for VMware Player.

看起来我缺少**qemu-img**和（或）**vmware-diskmanager**（看起来我可以从[本][Link 5]社区论坛中讨论 的**VMware Virtual Disk Development Kit 中**获得**vmware-diskmanager**）。现在我安装了**qemu-img**，因为它更快：

<> sudo apt install qemu-utils

*缺少 /etc/vmware/netmap.conf*

然后我遇到了缺少**vmplayer**配置文件的问题：

因此，我使用[How to Manually Configure VMWARE Networking on Linux Command Line][]站点的副本创建了一个示例文件，它最终看起来像这样：

<> cat /etc/vmware/netmap.conf
    network0.name = "Bridged"
    network0.device = "vmnet0"
    network1.name = "HostOnly"
    network1.device = "vmnet1"
    network2.name = "VMNet2"
    network2.device = "vmnet2"
    network8.name = "NAT"
    network8.device = "vmnet8"

*缺少 ldconfig*

然后我遇到了这条消息：

我找到了文件

<> sudo updatedb
    <> locate libXcursor.so.1
    /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libXcursor.so.1
    /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libXcursor.so.1/libXcursor.so.1
    /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.1.0/lib/lib/libXcursor.so.1
    /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.1.0/lib/lib/libXcursor.so.1/libXcursor.so.1

并创建了以下文件来加载库：

<> cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/vmware.conf
    /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libXcursor.so.1
    <> sudo ldconfig -v | grep vmware -A 1
    /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libXcursor.so.1:
    	libXcursor.so.1 -> libXcursor.so.1

然后虚拟机启动。

*dhcpd.conf 文件位置不正确*

然后我又遇到了一个问题：

看起来现在文件位于这里**/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf** (vs **/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf** ) ，所以我刚刚创建了一个**指向**目录和文件的**符号链接**：

<> ls -l /etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Feb 11 12:39 /etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp -> dhcpd
    <> ls -l /etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 11 12:39 /etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf -> dhcpd.conf

然后它开始安装，我看到虚拟机正在运行：

<> vmrun -T player list
    Total running VMs: 1
    /usr/local/packer/output-ova-vmware-iso/packer-centos-7-x86_64.vmx
    <> ps -ef | grep vmx
    elatov    3592  1372  0 20:22 pts/3    00:00:00 grep --color=auto vmx
    elatov   30788     1 99 20:18 ?        00:04:33 /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx -s vmx.noUIBuildNumberCheck=TRUE -# product=4;name=VMware Player;version=14.0.0;buildnumber=6661328;licensename=VMware Player;licenseversion=14.0; -@ duplex=3;msgs=ui /usr/local/packer/output-ova-vmware-iso/packer-centos-7-x86_64.vmx

#### 检查 PXE 引导安装进度 ####

在**Kickstart**安装进行时，**packer**显示此消息，

所以我决定连接到VNC服务。首先，我从我的 Mac 创建了一个 SSH 隧道：

<> ssh -L 1111:localhost:5924 ub

然后在我的 Mac 上，我运行了这个：

<> vncviewer localhost:1111

然后在输入密码后（来自**打包程序的**输出），我看到安装正在进行：

![打包机-ks-going.png][-ks-going.png]

很高兴确认安装正在进行。

#### Ansible 配置器和 Packer 的问题 ####

我遇到了**ansible**供应商的另一个问题：

该问题特定于我的**打包程序**版本，并在[此处][Link 6]进行了讨论（这是一个相当新的问题，因此我将等待下一个版本，看看是否可以修复它）。

#### 完成封隔器构建 ####

在我测试时，我禁用了**ansible**并只使用了**shell**配置器，并且*构建*成功了：

<> packer build centos7.json
    vmware-iso output will be in this color.
    
    ==> vmware-iso: Downloading or copying ISO
        vmware-iso: Downloading or copying: file:///usr/local/packer/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso
    ==> vmware-iso: Creating virtual machine disk
    ==> vmware-iso: Building and writing VMX file
    ==> vmware-iso: Starting HTTP server on port 8776
    ==> vmware-iso: Starting virtual machine...
        vmware-iso: The VM will be run headless, without a GUI. If you want to
        vmware-iso: view the screen of the VM, connect via VNC with the password "jxIgJ53t" to
        vmware-iso: vnc://127.0.0.1:5976
    ==> vmware-iso: Waiting 10s for boot...
    ==> vmware-iso: Connecting to VM via VNC (127.0.0.1:5976)
    ==> vmware-iso: Typing the boot command over VNC...
    ==> vmware-iso: Waiting for SSH to become available...
    ==> vmware-iso: Connected to SSH!
    ==> vmware-iso: Provisioning with shell script: scripts/post-install.sh
        vmware-iso: Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
        vmware-iso: base                                                     | 3.6 kB     00:00
        vmware-iso: extras                                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00
        vmware-iso: updates                                                  | 3.4 kB     00:00
        vmware-iso: (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                              | 156 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                          | 166 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                         | 6.0 MB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                            | 5.7 MB   00:01
        vmware-iso: Determining fastest mirrors
        vmware-iso:  * base: mirror.den1.denvercolo.net
        vmware-iso:  * extras: mirrors.umflint.edu
        vmware-iso:  * updates: mirrors.oit.uci.edu
        vmware-iso: Resolving Dependencies
        vmware-iso: --> Running transaction check
        vmware-iso: ---> Package ansible.noarch 0:2.4.2.0-2.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: sshpass for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python2-jmespath for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-six for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-setuptools for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-passlib for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-paramiko for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-jinja2 for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-httplib2 for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-cryptography for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: PyYAML for package: ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Running transaction check
        vmware-iso: ---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: libyaml-0.so.2()(64bit) for package: PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-httplib2.noarch 0:0.9.2-1.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-jinja2.noarch 0:2.7.2-2.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-babel >= 0.8 for package: python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-markupsafe for package: python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-paramiko.noarch 0:2.1.1-2.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-passlib.noarch 0:1.6.5-2.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname for package: python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python2-cryptography.x86_64 0:1.7.2-1.el7_4.1 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-pyasn1 >= 0.1.8 for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-idna >= 2.0 for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-cffi >= 1.4.1 for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-ipaddress for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-enum34 for package: python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python2-jmespath.noarch 0:0.9.0-3.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package sshpass.x86_64 0:1.06-2.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Running transaction check
        vmware-iso: ---> Package libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-babel.noarch 0:0.9.6-8.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.4.0.2-4.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-backports for package: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-cffi.x86_64 0:1.6.0-5.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-pycparser for package: python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-enum34.noarch 0:1.0.4-1.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-idna.noarch 0:2.4-1.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-markupsafe.x86_64 0:0.11-10.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python2-pyasn1.noarch 0:0.1.9-7.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Running transaction check
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-pycparser.noarch 0:2.14-1.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Processing Dependency: python-ply for package: python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch
        vmware-iso: --> Running transaction check
        vmware-iso: ---> Package python-ply.noarch 0:3.4-11.el7 will be installed
        vmware-iso: --> Finished Dependency Resolution
        vmware-iso:
        vmware-iso: Dependencies Resolved
        vmware-iso:
        vmware-iso: ================================================================================
        vmware-iso:  Package                              Arch    Version            Repository
        vmware-iso:                                                                            Size
        vmware-iso: ================================================================================
        vmware-iso: Installing:
        vmware-iso:  ansible                              noarch  2.4.2.0-2.el7      extras   7.6 M
        vmware-iso: Installing for dependencies:
        vmware-iso:  PyYAML                               x86_64  3.10-11.el7        base     153 k
        vmware-iso:  libyaml                              x86_64  0.1.4-11.el7_0     base      55 k
        vmware-iso:  python-babel                         noarch  0.9.6-8.el7        base     1.4 M
        vmware-iso:  python-backports                     x86_64  1.0-8.el7          base     5.8 k
        vmware-iso:  python-backports-ssl_match_hostname  noarch  3.4.0.2-4.el7      base      12 k
        vmware-iso:  python-cffi                          x86_64  1.6.0-5.el7        base     218 k
        vmware-iso:  python-enum34                        noarch  1.0.4-1.el7        base      52 k
        vmware-iso:  python-httplib2                      noarch  0.9.2-1.el7        extras   115 k
        vmware-iso:  python-idna                          noarch  2.4-1.el7          base      94 k
        vmware-iso:  python-ipaddress                     noarch  1.0.16-2.el7       base      34 k
        vmware-iso:  python-jinja2                        noarch  2.7.2-2.el7        base     515 k
        vmware-iso:  python-markupsafe                    x86_64  0.11-10.el7        base      25 k
        vmware-iso:  python-paramiko                      noarch  2.1.1-2.el7        extras   267 k
        vmware-iso:  python-passlib                       noarch  1.6.5-2.el7        extras   488 k
        vmware-iso:  python-ply                           noarch  3.4-11.el7         base     123 k
        vmware-iso:  python-pycparser                     noarch  2.14-1.el7         base     104 k
        vmware-iso:  python-setuptools                    noarch  0.9.8-7.el7        base     397 k
        vmware-iso:  python-six                           noarch  1.9.0-2.el7        base      29 k
        vmware-iso:  python2-cryptography                 x86_64  1.7.2-1.el7_4.1    updates  502 k
        vmware-iso:  python2-jmespath                     noarch  0.9.0-3.el7        extras    39 k
        vmware-iso:  python2-pyasn1                       noarch  0.1.9-7.el7        base     100 k
        vmware-iso:  sshpass                              x86_64  1.06-2.el7         extras    21 k
        vmware-iso:
        vmware-iso: Transaction Summary
        vmware-iso: ================================================================================
        vmware-iso: Install  1 Package (+22 Dependent packages)
        vmware-iso:
        vmware-iso: Total download size: 12 M
        vmware-iso: Installed size: 60 M
        vmware-iso: Downloading packages:
        vmware-iso: (1/23): libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64.rpm                  |  55 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (2/23): PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                      | 153 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (3/23): python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm              | 5.8 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (4/23): python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7. |  12 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (5/23): python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                 | 218 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (6/23): ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm                   | 7.6 MB   00:01
        vmware-iso: (7/23): python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm                   |  94 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (8/23): python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm                | 1.4 MB   00:01
        vmware-iso: (9/23): python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm               |  52 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (10/23): python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch.rpm              | 515 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (11/23): python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64.rpm          |  25 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (12/23): python-httplib2-0.9.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm            | 115 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (13/23): python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch.rpm          |  34 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (14/23): python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch.rpm          | 397 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (15/23): python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm                 |  29 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (16/23): python-paramiko-2.1.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm            | 267 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (17/23): python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch.rpm                  | 123 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (18/23): python-passlib-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm             | 488 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (19/23): python2-jmespath-0.9.0-3.el7.noarch.rpm           |  39 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (20/23): python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch.rpm            | 104 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (21/23): python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm   | 502 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (22/23): sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                     |  21 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: (23/23): python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch.rpm             | 100 kB   00:00
        vmware-iso: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        vmware-iso: Total                                              6.0 MB/s |  12 MB  00:02
        vmware-iso: Running transaction check
        vmware-iso: Running transaction test
        vmware-iso: Transaction test succeeded
        vmware-iso: Running transaction
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch                               1/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch                           2/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-httplib2-0.9.2-1.el7.noarch                          3/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch                            4/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch                        5/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64                               6/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64                                   7/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64                           8/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch    9/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch                       10/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch                            11/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-passlib-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch                          12/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch                               13/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch                         14/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64                             15/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64                       16/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch                           17/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch                               18/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64                19/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python-paramiko-2.1.1-2.el7.noarch                         20/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : python2-jmespath-0.9.0-3.el7.noarch                        21/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64                                  22/23
        vmware-iso:   Installing : ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch                               23/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch                            1/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch    2/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64                                   3/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch                        4/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python2-cryptography-1.7.2-1.el7_4.1.x86_64                 5/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python2-jmespath-0.9.0-3.el7.noarch                         6/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch                               7/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch                                8/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64                        9/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch                               10/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-passlib-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch                          11/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch                            12/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64                          13/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64                             14/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-paramiko-2.1.1-2.el7.noarch                         15/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch                         16/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64                              17/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : ansible-2.4.2.0-2.el7.noarch                               18/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch                       19/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch                           20/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python-httplib2-0.9.2-1.el7.noarch                         21/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch                          22/23
        vmware-iso:   Verifying  : PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64                                  23/23
        vmware-iso:
        vmware-iso: Installed:
        vmware-iso:   ansible.noarch 0:2.4.2.0-2.el7
        vmware-iso:
        vmware-iso: Dependency Installed:
        vmware-iso:   PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7
        vmware-iso:   libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0
        vmware-iso:   python-babel.noarch 0:0.9.6-8.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.4.0.2-4.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-cffi.x86_64 0:1.6.0-5.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-enum34.noarch 0:1.0.4-1.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-httplib2.noarch 0:0.9.2-1.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-idna.noarch 0:2.4-1.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-jinja2.noarch 0:2.7.2-2.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-markupsafe.x86_64 0:0.11-10.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-paramiko.noarch 0:2.1.1-2.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-passlib.noarch 0:1.6.5-2.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-ply.noarch 0:3.4-11.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-pycparser.noarch 0:2.14-1.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7
        vmware-iso:   python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7
        vmware-iso:   python2-cryptography.x86_64 0:1.7.2-1.el7_4.1
        vmware-iso:   python2-jmespath.noarch 0:0.9.0-3.el7
        vmware-iso:   python2-pyasn1.noarch 0:0.1.9-7.el7
        vmware-iso:   sshpass.x86_64 0:1.06-2.el7
        vmware-iso:
        vmware-iso: Complete!
    ==> vmware-iso: Gracefully halting virtual machine...
        vmware-iso: Waiting for VMware to clean up after itself...
    ==> vmware-iso: Deleting unnecessary VMware files...
        vmware-iso: Deleting: output-ova-vmware-iso/vmware.log
    ==> vmware-iso: Compacting the disk image
    ==> vmware-iso: Cleaning VMX prior to finishing up...
        vmware-iso: Unmounting floppy from VMX...
        vmware-iso: Detaching ISO from CD-ROM device...
        vmware-iso: Disabling VNC server...
    ==> vmware-iso: Skipping export of virtual machine (export is allowed only for ESXi and the format needs to be specified)...
    ==> vmware-iso: Running post-processor: shell-local
    ==> vmware-iso (shell-local): Post processing with local shell script: /tmp/packer-shell112690227
        vmware-iso (shell-local): Opening VMX source: output-ova-vmware-iso/packer-centos-7-x86_64.vmx
        vmware-iso (shell-local): Opening OVA target: output-ova-vmware-iso/test.ova
        vmware-iso (shell-local): Writing OVA package: output-ova-vmware-iso/test.ova
        vmware-iso (shell-local): Transfer Completed
        vmware-iso (shell-local): Completed successfully
    Build 'vmware-iso' finished.
    
    ==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:
    --> vmware-iso: VM files in directory: output-ova-vmware-iso
    --> vmware-iso:

我创建了我的 OVA：

<> tree output-ova-vmware-iso
    output-ova-vmware-iso
    ├── disk.vmdk
    ├── packer-centos-7-x86_64.nvram
    ├── packer-centos-7-x86_64.vmsd
    ├── packer-centos-7-x86_64.vmx
    ├── packer-centos-7-x86_64.vmxf
    └── test.ova

很酷。我还能够查询 OVA 以查看其属性：

<> ovftool output-ova-vmware-iso/test.ova
    OVF version:   1.0
    VirtualApp:    false
    Name:          packer-centos-7-x86_64
    
    Download Size:  782.63 MB
    
    Deployment Sizes:
      Flat disks:   16.00 GB
      Sparse disks: 1.55 GB
    
    Networks:
      Name:        nat
      Description: The nat network
    
    Virtual Machines:
      Name:               packer-centos-7-x86_64
      Operating System:   centos7_64guest
      Virtual Hardware:
        Families:         vmx-13
        Number of CPUs:   2
        Cores per socket: 1
        Memory:           512.00 MB
    
        Disks:
          Index:          0
          Instance ID:    7
          Capacity:       16.00 GB
          Disk Types:     SCSI-lsilogic
    
        NICs:
          Adapter Type:   E1000
          Connection:     nat

看起来不错。

#### 在 ESXi 主机上部署 OVA ####

作为快速测试，我在 ESXi 主机上部署了 OVA：

<> ovftool -dm=thin -ds=datastore1 "--net:nat=VM_VLAN3" output-ova-vmware-iso/test.ova "vi://root@hp.kar.int"
    Opening OVA source: output-ova-vmware-iso/test.ova
    The manifest validates
    Enter login information for target vi://hp.kar.int/
    Username: root
    Password: ********
    Opening VI target: vi://root@hp.kar.int:443/
    Deploying to VI: vi://root@hp.kar.int:443/
    Transfer Completed
    Completed successfully

我能够打开 VM 并使用 root 用户登录。以下是虚拟机在 Web 客户端中的样子：

![esxi-packer-ova-deployed.png][]

#### 封隔器选项 ####

我最终在我的打包程序配置中设置了一些选项（[VMware Builder（来自 ISO）][VMware Builder_ ISO]中涵盖了所有选项）：

*  我禁用了**tools\_upload\_flavor**选项，因为我稍后在配置过程中安装了**open-vm-tools**包。
 *  我将**版本**设置为**13**以匹配我的 ESXi 版本（即**6.5**），默认情况下它是**9**（即 ESXi **5.1**）。
 *  我使用**ovftool**手动创建了 OVA，而不是将其上传到 ESXi 机器，仅用于测试（并且能够将其用于以后使用，因为我没有 vCenter 并且无法存储模板）：
    
        "post-processors": [
          {
            "type": "shell-local",
            "inline": ["ovftool output-ova-vmware-iso/packer-centos-7-x86_64.vmx output-ova-vmware-iso/test.ova"]
          }
          ]
 *  我设置了**guest\_os\_type**是**centos7-64**，以确保它显示为CentOS的7，而不是CentOS 5的（OS类型的完整列表，请[点击这里][Link 7]

这只是对我有用的一些选择。

#### 包装工与詹金斯 ####

不乏**Jenkinsfile**示例：

*  [打包机-centos-7][-centos-7 1]
 *  [封隔器-管道-测试][-_-]
 *  [使用 Packer 为 Jenkins 代理自动构建 AWS AMI][Packer _ Jenkins _ AWS AMI]
 *  [使用 Jenkins、Packer 和 Terraform 构建和部署][Jenkins_Packer _ Terraform]

创建您选择的 Jenkins 作业并运行成功的作业（构建和存储 OVA 映像）后，您可能会在 Jenkins 作业结果中看到类似这样的内容（不要忘记使用**阶段**块）：

![jenkins-packer-job.png][]

[Packer _ Linux _RHEL_CentOS_]: http://technologist.pro/devops/infrastructure-as-code-create-linux-rhelcentos-base-images-using-packer
[-centos-7]: https://github.com/geerlingguy/packer-centos-7
[Link 1]: https://github.com/nanliu/packer-templates
[Link 2]: https://github.com/UKCloud/automation_examples/tree/master/Packer
[-centos7-esxi]: https://github.com/sdorsett/packer-centos7-esxi
[Link 3]: https://github.com/frapposelli/packer-templates
[python-pykickstart]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/python-pykickstart/
[Link 4]: https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/issues/1102
[Link 5]: https://communities.vmware.com/thread/409532
[How to Manually Configure VMWARE Networking on Linux Command Line]: https://alexbelle.wordpress.com/2017/04/10/how-to-manually-configure-vmware-networking-on-linux-command-line/
[-ks-going.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/618a6e47028cd9f7903c731356a4ff0f.png
[Link 6]: https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/issues/5885
[esxi-packer-ova-deployed.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a67ed788047ded24c20f4490378ed61c.png
[VMware Builder_ ISO]: https://www.packer.io/docs/builders/vmware-iso.html
[Link 7]: https://code.vmware.com/apis/199/storage-policy#https://vdc-repo.vmware.com/vmwb-repository/dcr-public/9fd87c06-14a3-41e5-b28d-277864a80f29/d6112c2a-b124-4fa5-96d7-9fb4b6f1bb50/doc/vim.vm.GuestOsDescriptor.GuestOsIdentifier.html
[-centos-7 1]: https://github.internet2.edu/docker/packer-centos-7/blob/master/Jenkinsfile
[-_-]: https://github.com/adampats/packer-pipeline-test/blob/master/Jenkinsfile
[Packer _ Jenkins _ AWS AMI]: https://blog.grakn.ai/automated-aws-ami-builds-for-jenkins-agents-with-packer-e569630b1f8e
[Jenkins_Packer _ Terraform]: https://medium.com/@I_M_Harsh/build-and-deploy-using-jenkins-packer-and-terraform-40b2aafedaec
[jenkins-packer-job.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/cc181733f5ef71b4f31aceb27f532bff.png