基础复习——运行时动态申请权限——重点

迷南。 2023-09-28 21:26 12阅读 0赞

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App涉及到硬件设备的操作，比如拍照、录音、定位、SD卡等等，都要在AndroidManifest.xml中声明相关的权限。

可是Android系统为了防止某些App滥用权限，又允许用户在系统设置里面对App禁用某些权限。

但这又带来另一个问题，用户打开App之后，App可能因为权限不足导致无法正常运行，甚至直接崩溃闪退。

有鉴于此，Android从6.0开始引入了运行时权限管理机制，允许App在运行过程中动态检查是否拥有某项权限，一旦发现缺少某种必需的权限，则系统会自动弹出小窗提示用户去开启该权限。

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(1)检查App是否开启了指定权限

调用ContextCompat的checkSelfPermission方法。

(2)请求系统弹窗，以便用户选择是否开启权限

调用ActivityCompat的requestPermissions方法，即可命令系统自动弹出权限申请窗口。

(3)判断用户的权限选择结果

重写活动页面的权限请求回调方法onRequestPermissionsResult，在该方法内部处理用户的权限选择结果。

权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
        
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
        
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />
        
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS" />
        
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG" />
        
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
        
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION" />

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PermissionUtil

package com.example.myapplication.util;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
    import android.os.Build;
    import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
    import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
    
    public class PermissionUtil
    {
        private final static String TAG = "PermissionUtil";
    
        // 检查某个权限。返回true表示已启用该权限，返回false表示未启用该权限
        public static boolean checkPermission(Activity act, String permission, int requestCode)
        {
    
            return checkPermission(act, new String[]{permission}, requestCode);
        }
    
        // 检查多个权限。返回true表示已完全启用权限，返回false表示未完全启用权限
        public static boolean checkPermission(Activity act, String[] permissions, int requestCode)
        {
            boolean result = true;
    
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
            {
                int check = PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
    
                // 通过权限数组检查是否都开启了这些权限
                for (String permission : permissions)
                {
                    check = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(act, permission);
    
                    if (check != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
                    {
                        break; // 有个权限没有开启，就跳出循环
                    }
                }
    
                if (check != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
                {
                    // 未开启该权限，则请求系统弹窗，好让用户选择是否立即开启权限
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(act, permissions, requestCode);
    
                    result = false;
                }
            }
    
            return result;

}
    
        // 检查权限结果数组，返回true表示都已经获得授权。返回false表示至少有一个未获得授权
        public static boolean checkGrant(int[] grantResults)
        {
            boolean result = true;
    
            if (grantResults != null)
            {
                for (int grant : grantResults)  // 遍历权限结果数组中的每条选择结果
                {
                    if (grant != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { // 未获得授权
                        result = false;
                    }
                }
    
            }
            else
            {
    
                result = false;
            }
    
            return result;
        }
    
    }

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权限校验：

package com.example.myapplication;
    
    import android.Manifest;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import com.example.myapplication.util.PermissionUtil;
    
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener
    {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
        {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            findViewById(R.id.btn_next1).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_next2).setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v)
        {
    
            if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, R.id.btn_next1 % 65536))
            {
                startActivity(new Intent(this, ContentWriteActivity.class));
            }
            else
            {
                Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许存储卡权限噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
    
            if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_next2)
            {
                startActivity(new Intent(this, ContentReadActivity.class));  //创建一个目标确定的意图
    
            }
        }
    }

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package com.example.chapter07;
    
    import android.Manifest;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
    
    import com.example.chapter07.util.PermissionUtil;
    
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            findViewById(R.id.btn_content_write).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_content_read).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_file_write).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_file_read).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_contact_add).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_contact_read).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_monitor_sms).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_send_mms).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_provider_mms).setOnClickListener(this);
            findViewById(R.id.btn_provider_apk).setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_content_write) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(this, ContentWriteActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_content_read) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(this, ContentReadActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_file_write) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, R.id.btn_file_write % 65536)) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, FileWriteActivity.class));
                }
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_file_read) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, R.id.btn_file_read % 65536)) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, FileReadActivity.class));
                }
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_contact_add) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS, R.id.btn_contact_add % 65536)) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ContactAddActivity.class));
                }
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_contact_read) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS, R.id.btn_contact_read % 65536)) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ContactReadActivity.class));
                }
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_monitor_sms) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, new String[] {Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS, Manifest.permission.READ_SMS}, R.id.btn_monitor_sms % 65536)) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, MonitorSmsActivity.class));
                }
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_send_mms) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(this, SendMmsActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_provider_mms) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, R.id.btn_provider_mms % 65536)) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ProviderMmsActivity.class));
                }
            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_provider_apk) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, R.id.btn_provider_apk % 65536)) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ProviderApkActivity.class));
                }
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
            // requestCode不能为负数，也不能大于2的16次方即65536
            if (requestCode == R.id.btn_file_write % 65536) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkGrant(grantResults)) { // 用户选择了同意授权
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, FileWriteActivity.class));
                } else {
                    //ToastUtil.show(this, "需要允许存储卡权限才能写入公共空间噢");
                    Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许存储卡权限才能写入公共空间噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            } else if (requestCode == R.id.btn_file_read % 65536) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkGrant(grantResults)) { // 用户选择了同意授权
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, FileReadActivity.class));
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许存储卡权限才能读取公共空间噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            } else if (requestCode == R.id.btn_contact_add % 65536) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkGrant(grantResults)) { // 用户选择了同意授权
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ContactAddActivity.class));
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许通讯录权限才能读写联系人噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            } else if (requestCode == R.id.btn_contact_read % 65536) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkGrant(grantResults)) { // 用户选择了同意授权
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ContactReadActivity.class));
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许通讯录权限才能读写联系人噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            } else if (requestCode == R.id.btn_monitor_sms % 65536) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkGrant(grantResults)) { // 用户选择了同意授权
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, MonitorSmsActivity.class));
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许短信权限才能校准流量噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            } else if (requestCode == R.id.btn_provider_mms % 65536) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkGrant(grantResults)) { // 用户选择了同意授权
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ProviderMmsActivity.class));
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许存储卡权限才能发送彩信噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            } else if (requestCode == R.id.btn_provider_apk % 65536) {
                if (PermissionUtil.checkGrant(grantResults)) { // 用户选择了同意授权
                    startActivity(new Intent(this, ProviderApkActivity.class));
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "需要允许存储卡权限才能安装应用噢", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        }
    
    }

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