Ubuntu redis 下载解压配置使用及密码管理 && 包管理工具联网安装

妖狐艹你老母 2023-07-04 06:20 15阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  准备目录
     *  运行 && 配置
     *  redis密码和配置文件
     *  使用包管理工具快速安装

## 准备目录 ##

*  下载 `wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.7.tar.gz`  
    更多版本见[redis 官网下载页][redis]
 *  解压 `tar -zxvf redis-5.0.7.tar.gz`
 *  进入目录 `cd redis-5.0.7/`
 *  查看目录结构 `ll`

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$ ll
    total 288
    drwxr-xr-x  6 wuyujin wuyujin   4096 11月 20 01:05 ./
    drwxr-xr-x  7 wuyujin wuyujin   4096 2月   8 17:37 ../
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin 115100 11月 20 01:05 00-RELEASENOTES
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin     53 11月 20 01:05 BUGS
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin   2381 11月 20 01:05 CONTRIBUTING
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin   1487 11月 20 01:05 COPYING
    drwxr-xr-x  6 wuyujin wuyujin   4096 11月 20 01:05 deps/
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin    376 11月 20 01:05 .gitignore
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin     11 11月 20 01:05 INSTALL
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin    151 11月 20 01:05 Makefile
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin   6888 11月 20 01:05 MANIFESTO
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin  20555 11月 20 01:05 README.md
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin  61797 11月 20 01:05 redis.conf
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 wuyujin wuyujin    275 11月 20 01:05 runtest*
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 wuyujin wuyujin    280 11月 20 01:05 runtest-cluster*
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 wuyujin wuyujin    373 11月 20 01:05 runtest-moduleapi*
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 wuyujin wuyujin    281 11月 20 01:05 runtest-sentinel*
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin   9710 11月 20 01:05 sentinel.conf
    drwxr-xr-x  3 wuyujin wuyujin   4096 11月 20 01:05 src/
    drwxr-xr-x 11 wuyujin wuyujin   4096 11月 20 01:05 tests/
    drwxr-xr-x  8 wuyujin wuyujin   4096 11月 20 01:05 utils/
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$

后续的运行步骤见`README.md`或[https://github.com/antirez/redis][https_github.com_antirez_redis]。  
可以看到，其中的`Makefile`和`src/`源代码目录

*  编译源代码 `make`

m -rf redis-server redis-sentinel redis-cli redis-benchmark redis-check-rdb redis-check-aof *.o *.gcda *.gcno *.gcov redis.info lcov-html Makefile.dep dict-benchmark
    make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/wuyujin/Downloads/redis-5.0.7/src'
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$ make
    cd src && make all
    make[1]: Entering directory '/home/wuyujin/Downloads/redis-5.0.7/src'
        CC Makefile.dep
        CC adlist.o
        CC quicklist.o
    
    ... 省略多行信息
    
        CC lolwut5.o
        LINK redis-server
        INSTALL redis-sentinel
        CC redis-cli.o
        LINK redis-cli
        CC redis-benchmark.o
        LINK redis-benchmark
        INSTALL redis-check-rdb
        INSTALL redis-check-aof
    
    Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' ;) make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/wuyujin/Downloads/redis-5.0.7/src'
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$

*  测试`make test`  
    我第一次运行时，报错：`You need tcl 8.5 or newer in order to run the Redis test`，需要安装TCL。

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$ sudo make test
    cd src && make test
    make[1]: Entering directory '/home/wuyujin/Downloads/redis-5.0.7/src'
    You need tcl 8.5 or newer in order to run the Redis test
    Makefile:262: recipe for target 'test' failed
    make[1]: *** [test] Error 1
    make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/wuyujin/Downloads/redis-5.0.7/src'
    Makefile:6: recipe for target 'test' failed
    make: *** [test] Error 2
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$

*  安装TCL  
    若下载链接失效，在[https://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/][https_sourceforge.net_projects_tcl]获取最新链接即可。

wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/tcl/Tcl/8.6.10/tcl8.6.10-src.tar.gz
    sudo tar xzvf tcl8.6.1-src.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
    cd /usr/local/tcl8.6.10/unix/
    sudo ./configure
    sudo make
    sudo make install

*  重新运行`make test`

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$ sudo make test
    [sudo] password for wuyujin: 
    cd src && make test
    make[1]: Entering directory '/home/wuyujin/Downloads/redis-5.0.7/src'
    Cleanup: may take some time... OK
    Starting test server at port 11111
    [ready]: 13880
    Testing unit/printver
    [ready]: 13881
    
    ... 省略多行信息
    
     161 seconds - integration/replication
      107 seconds - unit/memefficiency
    
    \o/ All tests passed without errors!
    
    Cleanup: may take some time... OK
    make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/wuyujin/Downloads/redis-5.0.7/src'
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$

测试无误！

redis要用到的可执行文件已经生成了(在`./src/`下)  
如：`redis-server, redis-cli`等。

wuyujin@ubuntu18:/opt/redis-5.0.7$ ll src/ | grep rwx
    drwxr-xr-x 3 wuyujin wuyujin    4096 2月   8 20:52 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 6 wuyujin wuyujin    4096 11月 20 01:05 ../
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin     735 11月 20 01:05 mkreleasehdr.sh*
    drwxr-xr-x 2 wuyujin wuyujin    4096 11月 20 01:05 modules/
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin 4688344 2月   8 20:52 redis-benchmark*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin 8782824 2月   8 20:52 redis-check-aof*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin 8782824 2月   8 20:52 redis-check-rdb*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin 5216568 2月   8 20:52 redis-cli*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin 8782824 2月   8 20:51 redis-sentinel*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin 8782824 2月   8 20:51 redis-server*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 wuyujin wuyujin    3600 11月 20 01:05 redis-trib.rb*
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:/opt/redis-5.0.7$

配置文件在redis根目录下

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$ ll | grep conf
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin  61797 11月 20 01:05 redis.conf
    -rw-r--r--  1 wuyujin wuyujin   9710 11月 20 01:05 sentinel.conf
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~/Downloads/redis-5.0.7$

*  移动文件夹 `sudo mv redis-5.0.7 /opt`  
    其实只需要移动其中有用的部分文件。但是太麻烦(我不清楚哪些文件一点用都没有)，所以移动整个文件。
 *  配置环境变量  
    编辑`/etc/profile`，添加以下配置：

# redis
    export REDIS_HOME=/opt/redis-5.0.7
    export PATH=${REDIS_HOME}/src:$PATH

重启，使最新配置对所有用户生效。

*  测试环境变量

echo $REDIS_HOME; echo $PATH
    redis-server --version

## 运行 && 配置 ##

*  启动服务器 `redis-server`

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ redis-server
    2356:C 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.197 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
    2356:C 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.197 # Redis version=5.0.7, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=2356, just started
    2356:C 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.197 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.199 # You requested maxclients of 10000 requiring at least 10032 max file descriptors.
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.200 # Server can't set maximum open files to 10032 because of OS error: Operation not permitted.
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.200 # Current maximum open files is 4096. maxclients has been reduced to 4064 to compensate for low ulimit. If you need higher maxclients increase 'ulimit -n'.
                    _._                                                  
               _.-``__ ''-._ _.-`` `.  `_. ''-._ Redis 5.0.7 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._ ( ' , .-`  | `, ) Running in standalone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379 | `-._ `._ / _.-'    |     PID: 2356
      `-._ `-._  `-./ _.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
     |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |           http://redis.io        
      `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|                                  
     |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |                                  
      `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' `-._    `-.__.-' _.-' `-._        _.-' `-.__.-'                                               
    
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.215 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.215 # Server initialized
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.215 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.215 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.238 * DB loaded from disk: 0.022 seconds
    2356:M 08 Feb 2020 22:21:39.238 * Ready to accept connections

以上，即为成功运行。  
也可以在启动时`指定要读取的配置文件`，并且追加配置文件中有的`参数对`。  
**NOTE**：redis服务器启动时默认读取的配置文件是`/path/to/redis.conf`，而不是我们redis根目录中的`redis.conf`。  
所以如果想要修改文件，要在启动redis服务器的时候指定读取该配置文件。

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ redis-server --help
    Usage: ./redis-server [/path/to/redis.conf] [options]
           ./redis-server - (read config from stdin)
           ./redis-server -v or --version
           ./redis-server -h or --help
           ./redis-server --test-memory <megabytes>
    
    Examples:
           ./redis-server (run the server with default conf)
           ./redis-server /etc/redis/6379.conf
           ./redis-server --port 7777
           ./redis-server --port 7777 --replicaof 127.0.0.1 8888
           ./redis-server /etc/myredis.conf --loglevel verbose
    
    Sentinel mode:
           ./redis-server /etc/sentinel.conf --sentinel
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$

*  客户端执行命令 `redis-cli -h IP地址 -p 端口号 -a 密码`  
    先简单测试一下：

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ redis-cli 
    127.0.0.1:6379> ping
    PONG
    127.0.0.1:6379> set name wuyujin1997
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> get name
    "wuyujin1997"
    127.0.0.1:6379> quit
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$

在运行`redis-server`的窗口按`Ctrl+C`结束程序。打印以下：

3637:M 08 Feb 2020 22:36:52.113 * Ready to accept connections
    ^C3637:signal-handler (1581172675) Received SIGINT scheduling shutdown...
    3637:M 08 Feb 2020 22:37:55.095 # User requested shutdown...
    3637:M 08 Feb 2020 22:37:55.095 * Saving the final RDB snapshot before exiting.
    3637:M 08 Feb 2020 22:37:55.099 * DB saved on disk
    3637:M 08 Feb 2020 22:37:55.099 # Redis is now ready to exit, bye bye...
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$

*  后台运行`redis-server`及进程号查询、杀死进程

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ # 查询有没有redis-server运行
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ ps -axu | grep redis-server
    wuyujin   3908  0.0  0.0  21532  1076 pts/0    S+   22:45   0:00 grep --color=auto redis-server
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ 
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ # 后台运行redis-server
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ redis-server --daemonize yes
    3937:C 08 Feb 2020 22:45:33.717 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
    3937:C 08 Feb 2020 22:45:33.717 # Redis version=5.0.7, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=3937, just started
    3937:C 08 Feb 2020 22:45:33.717 # Configuration loaded
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ 
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ ps -axu | grep redis-server
    wuyujin   3938  0.0  0.1  61320  4008 ?        Ssl  22:45   0:00 redis-server *:6379
    wuyujin   3943  0.0  0.0  21532  1032 pts/0    S+   22:45   0:00 grep --color=auto redis-server
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ 
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ # 结束进程
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ kill -9 3938
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$

## redis密码和配置文件 ##

安全起见，推荐设置redis密码。  
两种，一种是单次配置：给正在运行的redis服务器设置密码(仅本次运行期间有效)，需要在`redis-server`运行期间使用`redis-cli`发送命令设置密码；  
另一种是固定配置，即每次redis服务器启动都有效，需要修改redis的配置文件`redis.conf`中的参数项`requirepass`。

*  固定配置：  
    修改配置文件`redis.conf`  
    其中有一段：

# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
    # commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
    # others with access to the host running redis-server.
    #
    # This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
    # people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
    #
    # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
    # 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
    # use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
    #
    # requirepass foobared

将`# requirepass foobared`改为`requirepass test1234`(去掉注释符号，密码自定义，我的是test1234)。

启动服务器：`redis-server /opt/redis-5.0.7/redis.conf`  
登录客户端：

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a test1234
    Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
    127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
    1) "requirepass"
    2) "test1234"
    127.0.0.1:6379> quit
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$

*  单次配置  
    `redis-server`每次运行会读取配置文件中的配置项，包括配置好的、固定的密码。  
    当`redis-server`运行之后，能不能修改密码呢？可以的。  
    登录客户端，修改密码后，退出重新登录一次客户端，发现要用刚才更新的密码。

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379
    127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
    (error) NOAUTH Authentication required.
    127.0.0.1:6379> auth test1234
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
    1) "requirepass"
    2) "test1234"
    127.0.0.1:6379> config set requirepass abcde
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
    1) "requirepass"
    2) "abcde"
    127.0.0.1:6379> quit
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379
    127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
    (error) NOAUTH Authentication required.
    127.0.0.1:6379> auth test1234
    (error) ERR invalid password
    127.0.0.1:6379> auth abcde
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> quit
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$

但是，新密码`abcde`只在本次`redis-server`启动时有效。  
重启`redis-server`，密码将重置(至于重置为何值，取决于启动时指定要读取的配置文件)。

*  配置文件结构  
    配置项主要分几类：

include
    module
    networ
    genera
    snapshotting
    replicatio
    securit
    client
    memory managemen
    lazy freein
    append only mod
    lua scripting
    redis cluster
    cluster docker/nat support
    slow lo
    latency monito
    event notificatio
    advanced confi
    active defragmentatio

*  常用配置项

# IP地址
    bind 127.0.0.1
    # 端口
    port 6379
    # 密码
    # requirepass foobared
    # 是否以守护进程运行(后台运行)
    daemonize no

另有redis的两种持久化方案RDB及AOF的细节，也是在配置文件中进行参数设置。

## 使用包管理工具快速安装 ##

若机器能联网，直接使用包管理工具安装redis，方便快捷，自动配置环境变量。只不过安装好的文件会比较分散，也可以通过命令查找。

*  安装 `apt-get install redis-server redis-tools`
 *  卸载并清除配置文件 `apt-get remove redis-server redis-tools --purge`
 *  查询软件安装位置 `dpkg -L redis-server redis-tools`

[redis]: https://redis.io/download
[https_github.com_antirez_redis]: https://github.com/antirez/redis
[https_sourceforge.net_projects_tcl]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/