SpringBoot集成测试

ゝ一世哀愁。 2023-02-17 03:47 13阅读 0赞

## 一. 测试一般程序（Service/DAO/Util类） ##

1.  在pom.xml中引入依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

1.  生成测试类  
    <1> 如果使用IntelliJ IDEA，可以使用快捷键直接生成：

Windows快捷键：Ctrl + Shift + T  
Mac快捷键：Commond + Shift + T  
<2> 自己手动去创建  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
Ctrl + Shift + T生成测试类  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
Ctrl + Shift + T生成测试类  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
测试类展示

1.  编写测试类  
    <1> 在测试类上加入@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 与@SpringBootTest 注解，  
    <2> 编写测试方法并添加@Test注解  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
    UserServiceImplTest测试类

## 二. 测试Controller类 ##

1.  使用TestRestTemplate对象测试  
    <1> 在pom.xml中引入依赖（与上相同）  
    <2> 在测试类上加入@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 与 @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM\_PORT) 注解  
    <3> 使用TestRestTemplate对象测试  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
    Controller类  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
    使用TestRestTemplate测试Controller类
2.  使用@WebMvcTest 注解测试  
    <1> 在pom.xml中引入依赖（与上相同）  
    <2> 在测试类上加入@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 与 @WebMvcTest 注解  
    <3> 使用MockMvc对象测试

仍然测试UserController类  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
使用@WebMvcTest注解测试  
使用总结及相关注意点

1.  @WebMvcTest 与 @SpringBootTest 注解不能一起使用，会报错  
    错误信息：found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith  
    一个是：(value=class org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTestContextBootstrapper)  
    一个是：(value=class org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper)

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [com.example.demo.controller.UserControllerTest2]: [@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=class org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTestContextBootstrapper), @org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=class org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper)]
    
        at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveExplicitTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:166)
        at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:127)
        at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:124)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTestContextManager(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:151)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:142)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner.<init>(SpringRunner.java:49)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
        at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
        at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
        at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
        at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
        at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
        at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
        at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36)
        at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

1.  使用@WebMvcTest注解进行测试时，只会加载在@WebMvcTest()中配置的bean，而@SpringBootTest注解会加载所有被Spring容器管理的bean  
    例如：@WebMvcTest(UserController.class) 只会加载UserController类
2.  如果使用MockMvc对象时，又希望会加载所有被Spring容器管理的bean，可以使用@AutoConfigureMockMvc注解  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMTEzNzYyMzE2MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

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