前端图像处理之马赛克

女爷i 2023-01-22 15:53 49阅读 0赞

# 开门见山 #

接了个需求，图片处理新增马赛克，可以撤销上一步与还原撤销

[项目地址][Link 1]可拉下来直接用

# 技术需求 #

`JS`、`canvas`

# 设计思路 #

*  canvas画布绘制图片，保证图片比例不变，并且画布不能有留白
 *  鼠标在画布上移动时，获取鼠标位置
 *  获取鼠标定位范围size(每个马赛克大小)的像素平均值
 *  将该区域所有像素点的rgba设为刚刚所求的平均值
 *  循环2-4步,绘制前需要判断当前绘制点与上一次绘制点是否相离太近
 *  导出原尺寸大小的马赛克图片url
 *  撤销：保存每一次打马赛克后的图片数据
 *  恢复：缓存撤销数据

# 代码实现 #

### 定义一个函数,接受容器ID和canvasID ###

//html
    <div id="content"><canvas id="myCanvas" width="1200" height="0"></canvas></div>
    
    //js
    function CreateMosaic(contentId, canvasId){
        //所有代码均在此函数内部
    }

### 定义初始化函数，返回所需变量 ###

// 初始化参数
        const init = () =>{ 
            const content = document.getElementById(contentId)
            const canvas = document.getElementById(canvasId);
            const painting = canvas.getContext('2d');
            const size = 20 // 每次马赛克范围，像素
            let lastP = [0, 0] // 最后一次绘制中心点
            let isPrint = false // 绘制启动, true表示可绘制，false表示不可绘制
            let brushFollow = false // 画笔启动
            let brush = null // 画笔
            let handleData = [] // 每次操作步骤
            let cacheDeleteData = [] // 缓存撤销数据用于恢复
            let imgWH = [] // 图片原始宽高
            return {  content, canvas, painting, size, lastP, isPrint, brushFollow, brush, handleData, cacheDeleteData, imgWH }
        }
    let {  content, canvas, painting, size, lastP, isPrint, brushFollow, brush, handleData, cacheDeleteData, imgWH } = init()

### 图片按canvas宽度等比缩放，并设置canvas最后的高与图片缩放后的高度一致 ###

// 计算出图片等比缩放的宽高
    const calculate = (cw, pw, ph) => { 
        ph = ph * ( cw / pw )
        pw = cw
        return { pw, ph}
    }
    
    const img = new Image();
        img.src = '图片地址'
        img.crossOrigin = '';//跨域
        img.onload = () => { 
            const { pw, ph} = calculate(canvas.width, img.width, img.height)
            imgWH = [img.width, img.height]
            painting.drawImage(img, 0, 0, pw, ph);
            canvas.height = ph
            handleData.push(painting.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height))
        }

### 定义求鼠标定位范围size(每个马赛克大小)的像素平均值 ###

// 获取范围内像素均值
        const getPxAVG = (imgDate) => { 
            const data = imgDate.data
            let r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, a = 0
            const sumPx = data.length / 4
            for (let i = 0; i < sumPx; i ++){ 
                r = r + data[i * 4]
                g = g + data[i * 4 + 1]
                b = b + data[i * 4 + 2]
                a = a + data[i * 4 + 3]
            }
            return [r / sumPx, g / sumPx, b / sumPx, a / sumPx]
        }

### 设置某个区域所有像素点的rgba值 ###

// 设置范围内像素值
    const setPxColor = (imgDate, color) => { 
        for (let i = 0; i < imgDate.data.length; i ++){ 
            imgDate.data[i] = color[i % 4]
        }
        return imgDate
    }

### 定义绘制马赛克函数 ###

// 绘制马赛克
        const printMosaic = (x, y) => { 
            // 获取鼠标定位范围size的像素数据
            const imgData = painting.getImageData(x, y, size, size)
            // 获取范围像素数据平均值
            const pxAVG = getPxAVG(imgData)
            // 创建该区域马赛克图像数据
            let mosaic = setPxColor(painting.createImageData(size, size), pxAVG)
            // 重新绘制
            painting.putImageData(mosaic, x, y)
        }

### 定义onmousedown，onmousemove,onmouseup函数 ###

// 判断是否超过上一次马赛克范围
        const judgeD = (currentP, lastP, r) => { 
            const [x1, y1] = currentP, [x2, y2] = lastP
            return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.abs(x1 - x2), 2) + Math.pow(Math.abs(y1 - y2), 2)) <= r
        }
        canvas.onmousedown = e => { 
            if (!brushFollow) return false
            isPrint = true
        }
        canvas.onmousemove = e => { 
            const {  offsetX, offsetY } = e
            if (!brushFollow) return false
            brush.style.transform = `translate(${ offsetX - size / 2}px, ${ offsetY - size / 2}px)`
            if (!isPrint) return false
            if (!judgeD([offsetX, offsetY], lastP, size / 2)){ 
                lastP = [offsetX, offsetY]
                printMosaic(offsetX - (size / 2), offsetY - (size / 2))
            }
        }
        canvas.onmouseup = e => { 
            isPrint = false
            handleData.push(painting.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height))
            cacheDeleteData = []
        }

### 定义画笔创建与启动函数 ###

// 创建画笔
        const createBrush = () => { 
            const brush = document.createElement('div')
            brush.style.position = 'absolute'
            brush.style.zIndex = '99'
            brush.style.width = size + 'px'
            brush.style.height = size + 'px'
            brush.style.background = 'rgba(233,233,233,0.5)'
            brush.style.pointerEvents = 'none'
            brush.style.left = '0'
            brush.style.right = '0'
            brush.style.transform = `translate(-${ size}px, -${ size}px)`
            content.appendChild(brush)
            return brush
        }
        // 启动
        const start = () => { 
            !brush && (brush = createBrush())
            brushFollow = true
        }
        // 停止
        const stop = () => { 
            brush && brush.remove()
            brushFollow = false
            brush = null
        }
        canvas.onmouseenter = start
        canvas.onmouseleave = stop

### 撤销与恢复 ###

// 撤销
        const revocation = () => { 
            if (handleData.length <= 1) return false
            cacheDeleteData.push(handleData.pop())
            painting.putImageData(handleData[handleData.length - 1], 0, 0)
        }
        // 恢复
        const recover = () => { 
            if (cacheDeleteData.length === 0) return false
            handleData.push(cacheDeleteData.pop())
            painting.putImageData(handleData[handleData.length - 1], 0, 0)
        }
        //CreateMosaic暴露这两个函数即可
        return { 
            revocation,
            recover,
        }

### 返回原始尺寸的马赛克图片 ###

//未实际写代码，说一下思路
    // 创建一个canvas，宽高为imgWH缓存下的值。display:none，放入dom中。
    //将canvas.toDataURL('image/png')结果新赋值给一个新的new Image()
    //然后在 新canvas.getContext('2d').drawImage(0, 0, ...[imgWH])绘制
    //最后 新canvas.toDataURL('image/png') 就是我们要的结果

# 效果 #

![image.png][]

[Link 1]: https://github.com/dayTimeAffect/native-js-mosaic
[image.png]: /images/20221020/e8ae6e51a4b34ae8a46b2048b839806b.png