Linux cp命令使用拷贝文件目录等

╰半橙微兮° 2022-10-31 15:55 200阅读 0赞

常用几个：  
拷贝文件a为文件b

cp a b

拷贝文件夹a为文件夹b，且文件夹子文件也拷贝

cp -r a b                 //完全对吗？

若b文件夹已存在，执行上述则会在b文件夹下创建a文件夹，所以正确命令应该为：

cp -rf a/. b
    或
    cp -a a/. b

另外几个常用的-配置选项参考：

*  a 该选项通常在拷贝目录时使用。它保留链接、文件属性，并递归地拷贝目录，其作用等于dR选项的组合。
 *  d 拷贝时保留链接。
 *  f 删除已经存在的目标文件而不提示。
 *  i 和f选项相反，在覆盖目标文件之前将给出提示要求用户确认。回答y时目标文件将被覆盖，是交互式拷贝。
 *  p 此时cp除复制源文件的内容外，还将把其修改时间和访问权限也复制到新文件中。
 *  r 若给出的源文件是一目录文件，此时cp将递归复制该目录下所有的子目录和文件。此时目标文件必须为一个目录名。
 *  l 不作拷贝，只是链接文件。  
    reference：https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-cp.html

Linux man手册如下：

--attributes-only
    CP(1)                              User Commands                                     
    
    NAME
           cp - copy files and directories
    
    SYNOPSIS
           cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
           cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
           cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
    
    DESCRIPTION
           Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
    
           Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
    
           -a, --archive
                  same as -dR --preserve=all
    
           --attributes-only
                  don't copy the file data, just the attributes
    
           --backup[=CONTROL]
                  make a backup of each existing destination file
    
           -b     like --backup but does not accept an argument
    
           --copy-contents
                  copy contents of special files when recursive
    
           -d     same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
    
           -f, --force
                  if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the -n option is also used)
    
           -i, --interactive
                  prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option)
    
           -H     follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
    
           -l, --link
                  hard link files instead of copying
    
           -L, --dereference
                  always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
    
           -n, --no-clobber
                  do not overwrite an existing file (overrides a previous -i option)
    
           -P, --no-dereference
                  never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
    
           -p     same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
    
           --preserve[=ATTR_LIST]
                  preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible additional attributes: context, links, xattr, all
           --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST
                  don't preserve the specified attributes
    
           --parents
                  use full source file name under DIRECTORY
    
           -R, -r, --recursive
                  copy directories recursively
    
           --reflink[=WHEN]
                  control clone/CoW copies. See below
    
           --remove-destination
                  remove each existing destination file before attempting to open it (contrast with --force)
    
           --sparse=WHEN
                  control creation of sparse files. See below
    
           --strip-trailing-slashes
                  remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument
    
           -s, --symbolic-link
                  make symbolic links instead of copying
    
           -S, --suffix=SUFFIX
                  override the usual backup suffix
    
           -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
                  copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
    
           -T, --no-target-directory
                  treat DEST as a normal file
    
           -u, --update
                  copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing
    
           -v, --verbose
                  explain what is being done
    
           -x, --one-file-system
                  stay on this file system
    
           --help display this help and exit
    
           --version
                  output version information and exit