centos7使用cobbler安装操作系统

迷南。 2022-10-25 00:50 10阅读 0赞

Cobbler是一个Linux安装服务器，它允许快速设置网络安装环境。它将许多相关的Linux任务粘合在一起并实现自动化，这样在部署新系统时，以及在某些情况下更改现有系统时，必在许多不同的命令和应用程序之间跳转，可同时管理TFTP、DHCP、http服务配置的yum源。  
操作系统环境：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)  
cobbler版本：Cobbler 2.8.2  
主机IP地址：192.168.3.3  
1.上传cobbler安装包系统，并解压到根  
目录下

[root@localhost ~]# unzip cobbler.zip -d /
    Archive:  cobbler.zip
       creating: /cobbler/
     extracting: /cobbler/cobbler_rpm.zip  
      inflating: /cobbler/cobbler_boot.tar.gz  
      inflating: /cobbler/cobbler_web.png  
    [root@localhost ~]# ls /cobbler/
    cobbler_boot.tar.gz  cobbler_rpm.zip  cobbler_web.png

2.进入到cobbler目录下，解压cobbler安装包到/opt目录下，并进行安装

[root@localhost ~]# cd /cobbler/
    [root@localhost cobbler]# unzip cobbler_rpm.zip -d /opt/
    [root@localhost cobbler]# cd /opt/cobbler/
    [root@localhost cobbler]# yum -y install *.rpm
    [root@localhost cobbler]# rpm -qa cobbler
    cobbler-2.8.2-1.el7.x86_64

3.安装dhcp tftp http等服务

[root@localhost cobbler]# yum -y install  dhcp  httpd  mod_ssl tftp-server

4.配置cobbler  
\[root@localhost cobbler\]\# vi /etc/cobbler/settings  
设置cobbler管理dhcp服务  
将manage\_dhcp: 0改成manage\_dhcp: 1  
设置客户端获取IP地址后下一个服务器还为本机  
将next\_server: 127.0.0.1改成next\_server: 192.168.3.100  
防止客户端重复安装操作系统  
将pxe\_just\_once: 0改成pxe\_just\_once: 1  
设置本机为cobbler服务器  
将server: 127.0.0.1改成server: 192.168.3.100  
5.配置cobbler的dchp，将配置文件中的网段改成cobbler主机所在网段  
\[root@localhost cobbler\]\# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  
:%s /192.168.1/192.168.3/g 全文进行替换  
6.解压引导文件，使用-P选项直接绝对路径解压

[root@localhost cobbler]#  tar -xPf /cobbler/cobbler_boot.tar.gz
    [root@localhost cobbler]# ll /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
    total 1128
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    631 Sep 16  2017 COPYING.elilo
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  18007 Sep 16  2017 COPYING.syslinux
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    626 Sep 16  2017 COPYING.yaboot
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 356493 Sep 16  2017 elilo-ia64.efi
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 243679 Sep 16  2017 grub-x86_64.efi
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 237224 Sep 16  2017 grub-x86.efi
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  54964 Sep 16  2017 menu.c32
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  16794 Sep 16  2017 pxelinux.0
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1054 Sep 16  2017 README
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 198236 Sep 16  2017 yaboot

7.启动cobller、http、tftp、rsyncd服务，注意cobbler会自动启动dhcp

[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    [root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart httpd
    [root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart tftp
    [root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart rsyncd

8.刷新cobbler配置，检查所有配置是否正确

[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler sync
    task started: 2021-01-30_112239_sync
    task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Jan 30 11:22:39 2021)
    running pre-sync triggers
    cleaning trees
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
    copying bootloaders
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
    trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    copying distros to tftpboot
    copying images
    generating PXE configuration files
    generating PXE menu structure
    rendering DHCP files
    generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    rendering TFTPD files
    generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    cleaning link caches
    running post-sync triggers
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
    running: dhcpd -t -q
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: 
    running: service dhcpd restart
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
    
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***

9.挂载光驱到/dvd目录下，导入镜像内容

[root@localhost cobbler]# mkdir /dvd
    [root@localhost cobbler]# mount /dev/cdrom /dvd
    mount: no medium found on /dev/sr0
    [root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler import --path=/dvd --name=CentOS7

cobbler导入镜像内容格式：  
cobbler import --path=挂载点 --name=镜像名称  
10.查看导入的系统

[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler list 
    distros:
       CentOS7-x86_64
    
    profiles:
       CentOS7-x86_64
    
    systems:
    
    repos:
    
    images:
    
    mgmtclasses:
    
    packages:
    
    files:

此时，客户端就可以通过网络安装系统了  
cobbler常用命令  
cobbler profile list 查看菜单信息  
cobbler distro list 查看镜像信息  
cobbler装完系统默认密码为cobbler，如需该默认密码需要使用openssl生成新的密码，然后编辑/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件，将  
default\_password\_crypted:后面的密码替换为新的密码

[root@localhost cobbler]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'redhat' 'redhat'
    $1$redhat$9yxjZID8FYVlQzHGhasqW/
    [root@localhost cobbler]# vi /etc/cobbler/settings
    default_password_crypted: "$1$redhat$9yxjZID8FYVlQzHGhasqW/"