Ubuntu20.04环境安装tensorflow2的方法步骤

墨蓝 2022-10-25 00:48 9阅读 0赞

一、TensorFlow介绍  
1、简介  
  TensorFlow是一个基于数据流编程（dataflow programming）的符号数学系统，被广泛应用于各类机器学习（machine learning）算法的编程实现，其前身是谷歌的神经网络算法库DistBelief 。Tensorflow拥有多层级结构，可部署于各类服务器、PC终端和网页并支持GPU和TPU高性能数值计算，被广泛应用于谷歌内部的产品开发和各领域的科学研究 。TensorFlow由谷歌人工智能团队谷歌大脑（Google Brain）开发和维护，拥有包括TensorFlow Hub、TensorFlow Lite、TensorFlow Research Cloud在内的多个项目以及各类应用程序接口（Application Programming Interface, API）。自2015年11月9日起，TensorFlow依据阿帕奇授权协议（Apache 2.0 open source license）开放源代码 。

2、TensorFlow 支持的系统  
  以下 64 位系统上测试过 TensorFlow 并且这些系统支持 TensorFlow：

Python 3.5–3.8  
Ubuntu 16.04 或更高版本  
Windows 7 或更高版本（含 C++ 可再发行软件包）  
macOS 10.12.6 (Sierra) 或更高版本（不支持 GPU）  
Raspbian 9.0 或更高版本  
二、安装步骤  
1、检查确认python版本  
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root@ubuntuvm:~\# python3 -V  
Python 3.8.5  
2、安装venv模块  
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root@ubuntuvm:/home\# apt install python3-venv python3-dev  
Reading package lists… Done  
Building dependency tree  
Reading state information… Done  
The following additional packages will be installed:  
libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dbg libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl  
python3-distutils python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g zlib1g-dev  
Suggested packages:  
glibc-doc  
The following NEW packages will be installed:  
libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl python3-dev  
python3-distutils python3-venv python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g-dev  
The following packages will be upgraded:  
libc6 libc6-dbg zlib1g  
3 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 233 not upgraded.  
Need to get 21.2 MB of archives.  
After this operation, 56.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.  
Do you want to continue? \[Y/n\] y  
3、创建项目目录  
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bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ mkdir mytensorflow  
bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ cd mytensorflow/  
4、创建虚拟环境  
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bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3 -m venv tenf  
5、激活虚拟环境  
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bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ source tenf/bin/activate  
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$  
6、升级pip  
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(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -V  
pip 20.0.2 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)  
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip install --upgrade pip  
Collecting pip  
Downloading pip-21.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 1.0 MB/s  
Installing collected packages: pip  
Attempting uninstall: pip  
Found existing installation: pip 20.0.2  
Uninstalling pip-20.0.2:  
Successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2  
Successfully installed pip-21.0  
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -V  
pip 21.0 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)  
7、安装tensorflow  
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(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 install tensorflow  
Collecting tensorflow  
Downloading tensorflow-2.4.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010\_x86\_64.whl (394.4 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 394.4 MB 4.9 kB/s  
  
Collecting tensorflow-estimator<2.5.0,>=2.4.0  
Downloading tensorflow\_estimator-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (462 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 462 kB 24 kB/s  
Collecting astunparse~=1.6.3  
Downloading astunparse-1.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)  
Collecting protobuf>=3.9.2  
Downloading protobuf-3.14.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1\_x86\_64.whl (1.0 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 1.0 MB 35 kB/s  
Collecting gast==0.3.3  
Downloading gast-0.3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.7 kB)  
Collecting flatbuffers~=1.12.0  
Downloading flatbuffers-1.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)  
Collecting absl-py~=0.10  
Downloading absl\_py-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (127 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 127 kB 52 kB/s  
Collecting wheel~=0.35  
Downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)  
Collecting termcolor~=1.1.0  
Downloading termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz (3.9 kB)  
Collecting wrapt~=1.12.1  
Downloading wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz (27 kB)  
Collecting grpcio~=1.32.0  
Downloading grpcio-1.32.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014\_x86\_64.whl (3.8 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 3.8 MB 35 kB/s  
Collecting six~=1.15.0  
Downloading six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)  
Collecting typing-extensions~=3.7.4  
Downloading typing\_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)  
Collecting tensorboard~=2.4  
Downloading tensorboard-2.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (10.6 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 10.6 MB 46 kB/s  
Collecting keras-preprocessing~=1.1.2  
Downloading Keras\_Preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 42 kB 43 kB/s  
Collecting h5py~=2.10.0  
Downloading h5py-2.10.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1\_x86\_64.whl (2.9 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 2.9 MB 46 kB/s  
Collecting opt-einsum~=3.3.0  
Downloading opt\_einsum-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 65 kB 45 kB/s  
Collecting google-pasta~=0.2  
Downloading google\_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 57 kB 26 kB/s  
Collecting numpy~=1.19.2  
Downloading numpy-1.19.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010\_x86\_64.whl (14.9 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 14.9 MB 65 kB/s  
Collecting markdown>=2.6.8  
Downloading Markdown-3.3.3-py3-none-any.whl (96 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 96 kB 66 kB/s  
Collecting google-auth-oauthlib<0.5,>=0.4.1  
Downloading google\_auth\_oauthlib-0.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)  
Collecting werkzeug>=0.11.15  
Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 298 kB 44 kB/s  
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=41.0.0 in ./tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from tensorboard~=2.4->tensorflow) (44.0.0)  
Collecting tensorboard-plugin-wit>=1.6.0  
Downloading tensorboard\_plugin\_wit-1.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (781 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 781 kB 43 kB/s  
Collecting requests<3,>=2.21.0  
Downloading requests-2.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 61 kB 57 kB/s  
Collecting google-auth<2,>=1.6.3  
Downloading google\_auth-1.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (114 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 114 kB 37 kB/s  
Collecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4  
Downloading rsa-4.7-py3-none-any.whl (34 kB)  
Collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1  
Downloading pyasn1\_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (155 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 155 kB 34 kB/s  
Collecting cachetools<5.0,>=2.0.0  
Downloading cachetools-4.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)  
Collecting requests-oauthlib>=0.7.0  
Downloading requests\_oauthlib-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)  
Collecting pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6  
Downloading pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 77 kB 42 kB/s  
Collecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2  
Downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 178 kB 47 kB/s  
Collecting idna<3,>=2.5  
Downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 58 kB 31 kB/s  
Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1  
Downloading urllib3-1.26.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (136 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 136 kB 33 kB/s  
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17  
Downloading certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 147 kB 26 kB/s  
Collecting oauthlib>=3.0.0  
Downloading oauthlib-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 147 kB 36 kB/s  
Using legacy ‘setup.py install' for termcolor, since package ‘wheel' is not installed.  
Using legacy ‘setup.py install' for wrapt, since package ‘wheel' is not installed.  
Installing collected packages: urllib3, pyasn1, idna, chardet, certifi, six, rsa, requests, pyasn1-modules, oauthlib, cachetools, requests-oauthlib, google-auth, wheel, werkzeug, tensorboard-plugin-wit, protobuf, numpy, markdown, grpcio, google-auth-oauthlib, absl-py, wrapt, typing-extensions, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, tensorboard, opt-einsum, keras-preprocessing, h5py, google-pasta, gast, flatbuffers, astunparse, tensorflow  
Running setup.py install for wrapt … done  
Running setup.py install for termcolor … done  
Successfully installed absl-py-0.11.0 astunparse-1.6.3 cachetools-4.2.1 certifi-2020.12.5 chardet-4.0.0 flatbuffers-1.12 gast-0.3.3 google-auth-1.24.0 google-auth-oauthlib-0.4.2 google-pasta-0.2.0 grpcio-1.32.0 h5py-2.10.0 idna-2.10 keras-preprocessing-1.1.2 markdown-3.3.3 numpy-1.19.5 oauthlib-3.1.0 opt-einsum-3.3.0 protobuf-3.14.0 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 requests-2.25.1 requests-oauthlib-1.3.0 rsa-4.7 six-1.15.0 tensorboard-2.4.1 tensorboard-plugin-wit-1.8.0 tensorflow-2.4.1 tensorflow-estimator-2.4.0 termcolor-1.1.0 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3 urllib3-1.26.2 werkzeug-1.0.1 wheel-0.36.2 wrapt-1.12.1  
8、验证tensoflow2是否安装成功  
1、查看安装模块及版本

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(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 show tensorflow  
Name: tensorflow  
Version: 2.4.1  
Summary: TensorFlow is an open source machine learning framework for everyone.  
Home-page: https://www.tensorflow.org/  
Author: Google Inc.  
Author-email: packages@tensorflow.org  
License: Apache 2.0  
Location: /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages  
Requires: typing-extensions, google-pasta, protobuf, wrapt, gast, tensorboard, opt-einsum, flatbuffers, numpy, wheel, astunparse, keras-preprocessing, six, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, grpcio, absl-py, h5py  
Required-by:  
2、查看import tensorflow是否报错

在这里插入图片描述

3、使用TensorFlow打印hello,Tensorflow

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(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3  
Python 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40)  
\[GCC 9.3.0\] on linux  
Type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.  
>>> import os  
>>> os.environ\[‘TF\_CPP\_MIN\_LOG\_LEVEL'\] = ‘2'  
>>> import tensorflow as tf  
>>> tf.compat.v1.disable\_eager\_execution()  
>>> hello = tf.constant(‘Hello, Tensorflow!')  
>>> sess = tf.compat.v1.Session()  
>>> print(sess.run(hello))  
b'Hello, Tensorflow!'  
三、FAQ  
1、import tensorflow时报错无法加载动态库libcudart.so.11.0  
在这里插入图片描述  
解决方法：  
在import tensorflow as tf语句前加上如下语句

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import os  
os.environ\[‘TF\_CPP\_MIN\_LOG\_LEVEL'\] = ‘2'  
import tensorflow as tf  
在这里插入图片描述

2、报错session属性找不到  
在这里插入图片描述  
原因：  
报错AttributeError: module ‘tensorflow' has no attribute ‘Session'。这其实不是安装错误，是因为在新的Tensorflow 2.0版本中已经移除了Session这一模块。  
解决方法：  
改换运行代码，tf.compat.v1.Session()

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