管理经济学【二】之供求分析

野性酷女 2022-10-17 05:25 184阅读 0赞

> 感谢内容提供者：[金牛区吴迪软件开发工作室][Link 1]  
> 接上一篇：[管理经济学【一】之 导论][Link 2]

### 文章目录 ###

*  一、需求分析
 *   *  1.需求函数
     *   *  a.需求（demand）
         *  b.影响需求的因素
         *  c.需求函数
         *  d.个人需求与市场需求
     *  2.需求量的变动和需求的变动
     *   *  a.需求量的变动
         *  b.需求的变动
         *  c.小总结
     *  3.需求估计与预测
     *   *  a.市场需求曲线的估计和预测的方法
 *  二、供给分析
 *   *  1.供给函数（supply）
     *   *  a.供给
         *  b.影响供给的因素
         *  c.供给函数
     *  2.供给量的变动和供给的变动
     *   *  a.供给量的变动
         *  b.供给的变动
         *  c.小总结
 *  三、市场均衡分析
 *   *  1.市场均衡与供给法则
     *   *  a.市场均衡
     *  2.市场均衡的变动
     *   *  a.需求的变动与市场均衡量的变动
         *  b.供给的变动与市场均衡量的变动
         *  c.需求和供给同时变动与市场均衡量的变动
     *  3.价格管制对市场均衡的影响
     *   *  a.政府规定最低价格
         *  b.政府规定最高价格

# 一、需求分析 #

## 1.需求函数 ##

### a.需求（demand） ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

### b.影响需求的因素 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210617200518343.png]

> 替代品：比如 洗衣粉和洗衣液  
> 互补品：比如 乒乓球和乒乓球拍，牙膏和牙刷

### c.需求函数 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210617203016843.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

### d.个人需求与市场需求 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210617204857967.png]

## 2.需求量的变动和需求的变动 ##

### a.需求量的变动 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

### b.需求的变动 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Zub5bed55yB5aWH5ZGx56eR5oqA5pyJ6ZmQ5YWs5Y-4_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

### c.小总结 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

## 3.需求估计与预测 ##

### a.市场需求曲线的估计和预测的方法 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210619111416627.png]

# 二、供给分析 #

## 1.供给函数（supply） ##

### a.供给 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

### b.影响供给的因素 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

### c.供给函数 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

## 2.供给量的变动和供给的变动 ##

### a.供给量的变动 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

### b.供给的变动 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20210619132318831.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]

### c.小总结 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]

# 三、市场均衡分析 #

## 1.市场均衡与供给法则 ##

### a.市场均衡 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210619134845439.png]

## 2.市场均衡的变动 ##

### a.需求的变动与市场均衡量的变动 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24]

### b.供给的变动与市场均衡量的变动 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25]

### c.需求和供给同时变动与市场均衡量的变动 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20210619135148981.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28]

## 3.价格管制对市场均衡的影响 ##

### a.政府规定最低价格 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20210619134541659.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29]

### b.政府规定最高价格 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210619134631189.png]

下一篇：[管理经济学【三】之 消费者效用分析][Link 3]

[Link 1]: http://wdstudio.top/
[Link 2]: https://wudi98.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117947405
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[Link 3]: https://wudi98.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117989077