【yum】linux离线安装rpm包及其依赖和卸载包及其依赖

妖狐艹你老母 2022-10-07 06:47 458阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  说明
 *  离线包安装流程
 *   *  下载离线包
     *  安装离线包
     *  rpm卸载包
 *  yum卸载包及其依赖

# 说明 #

*  流程：对于同一版本CentOS，我们可以事先下载离线依赖包，后面用命令手动安装。
 *  准备条件：一台能正常上网的主机【最好和需要离线安装的主机是同一系统版本】
 *  下载离线包的这台主机不能先安装该包，否则无法下载，如果已经安装该包，那么必须先卸载需要离线的包及其依赖，方法见下面的yum卸载包及其依赖。

# 离线包安装流程 #

## 下载离线包 ##

*  登陆一台能正常通外网的服务器
 *  下载离线包使用的命令格式是：`yum -y install -- --downloadonly --downloaddir=存放路径 包名`
    
     *  `--downloadonly`：下载不安装的意思
     *  `--downloaddir=存放路径`：这是下载存放的路径，可以不要这行，但建议加上【不加这行下载的默认路径我不知道在哪，也懒的去查，你可以用 find 查询下载的包看出默认路径的。】  
        注：下载离线包的主机务必不能先安装该包，如果已经安装，先卸载包及其依赖，方法见下面yum卸载包及其依赖。
 *  如：我下载docker的离线包，并放在/docker文件中为例

[root@ccx ~]# mkdir /docker
    [root@ccx ~]# yum install docker-ce -y --downloaddir=/docker --downloadonly 
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.7-3.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2:2.74 for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: containerd.io >= 1.4.1 for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-cli for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-rootless-extras for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 will be installed
    ---> Package containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.4.6-3.1.el7 will be installed
    ---> Package docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.7-3.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: docker-scan-plugin(x86-64) for package: 1:docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    ---> Package docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:20.10.7-3.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: fuse-overlayfs >= 0.7 for package: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: slirp4netns >= 0.4 for package: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package docker-scan-plugin.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el7 will be installed
    ---> Package fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3(FUSE_3.2)(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3(FUSE_3.0)(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3()(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64
    ---> Package slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8 will be installed
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ===============================================================================================================
     Package                          Arch          Version                          Repository               Size
    ===============================================================================================================
    Installing:
     docker-ce                        x86_64        3:20.10.7-3.el7                  docker-ce-stable         27 M
    Installing for dependencies:
     container-selinux                noarch        2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8        extras                   40 k
     containerd.io                    x86_64        1.4.6-3.1.el7                    docker-ce-stable         34 M
     docker-ce-cli                    x86_64        1:20.10.7-3.el7                  docker-ce-stable         33 M
     docker-ce-rootless-extras        x86_64        20.10.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable        9.2 M
     docker-scan-plugin               x86_64        0.8.0-3.el7                      docker-ce-stable        4.2 M
     fuse-overlayfs                   x86_64        0.7.2-6.el7_8                    extras                   54 k
     fuse3-libs                       x86_64        3.6.1-4.el7                      extras                   82 k
     slirp4netns                      x86_64        0.4.3-4.el7_8                    extras                   81 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ===============================================================================================================
    Install  1 Package (+8 Dependent packages)
    
    Total download size: 107 M
    Installed size: 438 M
    Background downloading packages, then exiting:
    (1/9): container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch.rpm                             |  40 kB  00:00:00     
    (2/9): docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                               |  27 MB  00:00:16     
    (3/9): containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                           |  34 MB  00:00:21     
    (4/9): docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                               | 9.2 MB  00:00:06     
    (5/9): fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                |  82 kB  00:00:00     
    (6/9): slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64.rpm                                             |  81 kB  00:00:00     
    (7/9): fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64.rpm                                          |  54 kB  00:00:01     
    (8/9): docker-scan-plugin-0.8.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        | 4.2 MB  00:00:02     
    (9/9): docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                           |  33 MB  00:00:21     
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                                          2.8 MB/s | 107 MB  00:00:37     
    exiting because "Download Only" specified
    [root@ccx ~]# cd /docker/
    [root@ccx docker]# ls
    containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                docker-scan-plugin-0.8.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
    container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch.rpm  fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
    docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                    fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64.rpm
    docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64.rpm
    docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@ccx docker]#

下载完毕以后就可以将这些包全部拷贝到需要离线安装的文件中了。  
如果服务器很多的话，可以写个批量拷贝文件的脚本，然后把下面安装离线包的命令放在后面，一并就解压了哦。

## 安装离线包 ##

*  方法很简单：在存放需要安装的软件包目录下，执行下面一行代码即可了  
    `rpm -ivhU * --nodeps --force`
    
     *  \-`ivhU`：先安装并升级，这个U建议加上，因为有些命令安装是有升级的服务的，如果不加U就失败了【比如java】【如何确定哪些包有升级的包，直接在通外网的服务器上yum安装该服务，看过程即可】
     *  `--nodeps --force`：忽略软件包的依赖关系，忽略软件包及文件的冲突并强行安装
 *  如，我以安装docker为例：

[root@ccx docker]# ls
    containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                docker-scan-plugin-0.8.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
    container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch.rpm  fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
    docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                    fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64.rpm
    docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64.rpm
    docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@ccx docker]# 
    [root@ccx docker]# rpm -ivhU * --nodeps --force
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:docker-scan-plugin-0:0.8.0-3.el7 ################################# [ 11%]
       2:docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.7-3.el7    ################################# [ 22%]
       3:container-selinux-2:2.119.2-1.911################################# [ 33%]
       4:containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7      ################################# [ 44%]
       5:slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8        ################################# [ 56%]
       6:fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7           ################################# [ 67%]
       7:fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8     ################################# [ 78%]
       8:docker-ce-rootless-extras-0:20.10################################# [ 89%]
       9:docker-ce-3:20.10.7-3.el7        ################################# [100%]
    [root@ccx docker]# 
    [root@ccx docker]# systemctl restart docker
    [root@ccx docker]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@ccx docker]#

## rpm卸载包 ##

用rpm安装的包是不能通过yum卸载的，只能通过rpm卸载，命令：`rpm -e --nodeps package`【如果不加–nodeps，就会因为有依赖导致卸载报错】  
如上，安装了9个，就需要`rpm -e 包名【复制粘贴上面的包名】`重复9次【需要去掉后缀】。

[root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps fuse-overlayfs
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps containerd.io
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps docker-scan-plugin
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps container-selinux
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps fuse3-libs
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps docker-ce-cli
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps slirp4netns
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps docker-ce
    [root@ccx ~]# rpm -e --nodeps docker-ce-rootless-extras # 这个卸载报错是因为卸载docker-ce的时候一并给卸载了】
    error: package docker-ce-rootless-extras is not installed

卸载完毕重新去下载的时候，发现又是9个包了

Total download size: 107 M
    Installed size: 438 M
    Background downloading packages, then exiting:
    (1/9): container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch.rpm                             |  40 kB  00:00:00     
    (2/9): docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                               |  27 MB  00:00:13     
    (3/9): containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                           |  34 MB  00:00:18     
    (4/9): docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                               | 9.2 MB  00:00:04     
    (5/9): fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                |  82 kB  00:00:00     
    (6/9): fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64.rpm                                          |  54 kB  00:00:00     
    (7/9): slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64.rpm                                             |  81 kB  00:00:00     
    (8/9): docker-scan-plugin-0.8.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        | 4.2 MB  00:00:02     
    (9/9): docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                           |  33 MB  00:00:15     
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                                          3.7 MB/s | 107 MB  00:00:29     
    exiting because "Download Only" specified

# yum卸载包及其依赖 #

*  我们知道卸载包的命令是：`yum remove package`【方法并不会卸载其依赖】
 *  卸载包及其依赖的命令是：`yum autoremove package`
 *  如下，我以卸载docker及其依赖为例

[root@ccx docker]# yum autoremove docker-ce
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.7-3.el7 will be erased
    --> Processing Dependency: docker-ce for package: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:20.10.7-3.el7 will be erased
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    --> Finding unneeded leftover dependencies
    ---> Marking docker-ce-cli to be removed - no longer needed by docker-ce
    ---> Marking container-selinux to be removed - no longer needed by docker-ce
    ---> Marking containerd.io to be removed - no longer needed by docker-ce
    ---> Marking fuse-overlayfs to be removed - no longer needed by docker-ce-rootless-extras
    ---> Marking slirp4netns to be removed - no longer needed by docker-ce-rootless-extras
    ---> Marking docker-scan-plugin to be removed - no longer needed by docker-ce-cli
    ---> Marking fuse3-libs to be removed - no longer needed by fuse-overlayfs
    Found and removing 7 unneeded dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 will be erased
    ---> Package containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.4.6-3.1.el7 will be erased
    ---> Package docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.7-3.el7 will be erased
    ---> Package docker-scan-plugin.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el7 will be erased
    ---> Package fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8 will be erased
    ---> Package fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7 will be erased
    ---> Package slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8 will be erased
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ===============================================================================================================
     Package                         Arch         Version                            Repository               Size
    ===============================================================================================================
    Removing:
     docker-ce                       x86_64       3:20.10.7-3.el7                    @docker-ce-stable       115 M
    Removing for dependencies:
     container-selinux               noarch       2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8          @extras                  41 k
     containerd.io                   x86_64       1.4.6-3.1.el7                      @docker-ce-stable       129 M
     docker-ce-cli                   x86_64       1:20.10.7-3.el7                    @docker-ce-stable       156 M
     docker-ce-rootless-extras       x86_64       20.10.7-3.el7                      @docker-ce-stable        24 M
     docker-scan-plugin              x86_64       0.8.0-3.el7                        @docker-ce-stable        13 M
     fuse-overlayfs                  x86_64       0.7.2-6.el7_8                      @extras                 116 k
     fuse3-libs                      x86_64       3.6.1-4.el7                        @extras                 270 k
     slirp4netns                     x86_64       0.4.3-4.el7_8                      @extras                 169 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ===============================================================================================================
    Remove  1 Package (+8 Dependent packages)
    
    Installed size: 438 M
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Downloading packages:
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      Erasing    : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64                                              1/9 
      Erasing    : 3:docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64                                                            2/9 
      Erasing    : containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64                                                          3/9 
      Erasing    : docker-scan-plugin-0.8.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                       4/9 
      Erasing    : 1:docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64                                                        5/9 
      Erasing    : fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64                                                         6/9 
      Erasing    : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch                                          7/9 
      Erasing    : fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64                                                               8/9 
      Erasing    : slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64                                                            9/9 
      Verifying  : containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64                                                          1/9 
      Verifying  : fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64                                                               2/9 
      Verifying  : fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64                                                         3/9 
      Verifying  : slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64                                                            4/9 
      Verifying  : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch                                          5/9 
      Verifying  : 3:docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64                                                            6/9 
      Verifying  : 1:docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64                                                        7/9 
      Verifying  : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64                                              8/9 
      Verifying  : docker-scan-plugin-0.8.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                       9/9 
    
    Removed:
      docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.7-3.el7                                                                             
    
    Dependency Removed:
      container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8      containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.4.6-3.1.el7                 
      docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:20.10.7-3.el7     
      docker-scan-plugin.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el7                 fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8                
      fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7                         slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8                   
    
    Complete!
    [root@ccx docker]#