ios 开发环境常见问题合集

我会带着你远行 2022-10-04 15:49 476阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  Unable to add a source with url \`https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git\` named \`cocoapods\`.
 *   *  错误场景
     *  解决方法
 *  Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers
 *   *  错误场景
     *  解决方法
     *   *  安装rvm
         *  安装ruby
         *  安装cocoapods
 *  requirements\_osx\_brew\_libs\_install
 *   *  错误场景
     *  解决方法

# Unable to add a source with url `https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git` named `cocoapods`. #

## 错误场景 ##

使用pod install下载依赖时，出现以下错误

Cloning spec repo `cocoapods` from `https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git`
    [!] Unable to add a source with url `https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git` named `cocoapods`.
    You can try adding it manually in `/Users/ado/.cocoapods/repos` or via `pod repo add`.

## 解决方法 ##

这是因为cocoapods的源码在github，国内有时候访问不是很稳定，所以我们可以使用国内镜像源来解决。以下使用清华大学的镜像

$ cd ~/.cocoapods/repos 
    $ pod repo remove master
    $ git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/CocoaPods/Specs.git master

然后在自己项目的podfile文件的第一行替换成以下代码

source 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/CocoaPods/Specs.git'

最后使用pod install即可。  
参考：[清华大学CoocoaPods镜像][CoocoaPods]

# Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers #

## 错误场景 ##

朋友mac重装了catalina 10.15.5，使用gem install cocoapods安装cocoapods时出现以下错误。

ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
    	ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
    
        current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.15.3/ext/ffi_c
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20210711-1964-ncgneq.rb extconf.rb
    checking for ffi.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
    Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
    libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
    need configuration options.
    
    Provided configuration options:
    	--with-opt-dir
    	--without-opt-dir
    	--with-opt-include
    	--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    	--with-opt-lib
    	--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    	--with-make-prog
    	--without-make-prog
    	--srcdir=.
    	--curdir
    	--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    	--with-ffi_c-dir
    	--without-ffi_c-dir
    	--with-ffi_c-include
    	--without-ffi_c-include=${ffi_c-dir}/include
    	--with-ffi_c-lib
    	--without-ffi_c-lib=${ffi_c-dir}/lib
    	--enable-system-libffi
    	--disable-system-libffi
    	--with-libffi-config
    	--without-libffi-config
    	--with-pkg-config
    	--without-pkg-config
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:467:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError) You have to install development tools first. from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `block in try_compile' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:534:in `with_werror' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `try_compile'
    	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1109:in `block in have_header' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:959:in `block in checking_for' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block (2 levels) in postpone' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
    	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block in postpone' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:357:in `postpone' from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:958:in `checking_for'
    	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1108:in `have_header' from extconf.rb:10:in `system_libffi_usable?'
    	from extconf.rb:42:in `<main>'
    
    To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
    
      /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.15.3/mkmf.log
    
    extconf failed, exit code 1
    
    Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.15.3 for inspection.
    Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.15.3/gem_make.out

## 解决方法 ##

经过网上查询发现是因为从10.15开始，很多目录结构变了，这样会导致编译一些开发库时导致找不到头文件，而macOS\_SDK\_headers\_for\_macOS这个文件在10.15之后是没有的，所以这里我们不使用系统自带的ruby来安装cocoapods即可。  
使用rvm来安装新版本的ruby，然后再安装cocoapods。

### 安装rvm ###

# 安装
    curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
    # 刷新环境
    source ~/.bash_profile

查询rvm版本验证是否安装成功

rvm -v

### 安装ruby ###

rvm install 2.7.4

查看ruby是否安装成功

ruby -v
    #下面出现版本号代表成功

### 安装cocoapods ###

# 如果要指定安装版本，最后加上-v 版本号
    sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods -v 1.9.4

验证是否安装成功

pod --version
    #出现版本号代表成功

# requirements\_osx\_brew\_libs\_install #

## 错误场景 ##

使用rvm安装ruby时出现以下错误

Error running 'requirements_osx_brew_libs_install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config coreutils libyaml libksba readline zlib openssl@1.1',
    please read /Users/ado/.rvm/log/1626011972_ruby-2.7.1/package_install_autoconf_automake_libtool_pkg-config_coreutils_libyaml_libksba_readline_zlib_openssl@1.1.log
    Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

## 解决方法 ##

打开上面报错提示的log文件，发现是homebrew超过的问题。所以只需要将homebrew的源改成国内镜像源即可。这里我们使用中科大的镜像

替换git

cd "$(brew --repo)"
    git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git

替换core

cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
    git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git

替换Bottles

# 使用echo $SHELL 查看自己的系统是bash还是zsh
    # bash的方式
    echo 'export
    HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
    source ~/.bash_profile
    # zsh的方式
    echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
    source ~/.zshrc

最后再使用rvm install 版本号 就可以正常安装ruby了。

[CoocoaPods]: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/CocoaPods/