Spring Boot将WAR文件部署到Tomcat(十一)

待我称王封你为后i 2022-05-16 01:29 237阅读 0赞

> 这篇博文主要用于新手学习Spring Boot，同时也记录自己学习的过程…  
> 文章内容主要来源于[易百教程][Link 1]

在本文中，将演示如何将Spring Boot WAR文件部署到Tomcat servlet容器中。  
对于Spring Boot WAR部署，需要执行三个步骤：

*  列表内容扩展SpringBootServletInitializer
 *  根据提供标记嵌入式servlet容器。
 *  更新包装为War

测试工具：

*  Spring Boot2.0.3.RELEASE
 *  Tomcat 8.5.32
 *  Maven 3

> 注意  
> 在Spring Boot中，具有嵌入服务器解决方案的最终可执行JAR文件可能不适合所有生产环境，特别市部署团队(具有良好的服务器优化和监控技能知识，但缺乏开发经验的团队),他们希望完全控制服务器，并且不能接触代码。

**1. 推展SpringBootServletInitializer**  
使现有的@SpringBootApplication类扩`SpringBootServletInitializer`

**1.1** \- 经典**Spring Boot JAR**部署(更新此文件以支持WAR部署)  
`SpringBootWebApplication.java`文件的内容如下-

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringBootApplication{ 
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
            SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebApplication.class,args);
        }
    }

**1.2 Spring Boot WAR部署**  
`SpringBootWebApplication.java`文件的内容如下-

package com.th;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
    
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringBootApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer{ 
    
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application){
            return application.sources(SpringBootWebApplication.class);
        }
        public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
            SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebApplication.class,args);
        }
    
    }
    /*@SpringBootApplication public class SpringBootWebApplication { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebApplication.class, args); } }*/

如果要为部署创建了一个额外的`SpringBootWebApplication`类，请确保告诉Spring Boot要从哪个主类开始启动程序：  
在`pom.xml`文件中增加以下内容指定-

<properties>
          <start-class>com.th.NewSpringBootWebApplicationForWAR</start-class>
    </properties>

**2. 提供标记嵌入式servlet容器**  
在`pom.xml`文件中增加以下内容指定-

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    
    
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

> Scope选项
> 
> <table> 
>  <thead> 
>   <tr> 
>    <th>范围</th> 
>    <th align="center">描述</th> 
>   </tr> 
>  </thead> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td>compile(编译范围)</td> 
>    <td align="center">compile是默认的范围；如果没有提供一个范围，那该范围的范围就是编译范围。编译范围依赖在所有的classpath中可用，同时它们也会被打包。</td> 
>   </tr> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td>provided(以提供范围)</td> 
>    <td align="center">provided依赖只有在当JDK或者一个容器已提供该依赖之后才使用。例如，如果你开发了一个web应用，你可能在编译classpath中需要可用的Servlet APT来编译一个servlet，但是你不会想要在打包好的WAR中包含这个Servlet API；这个Servlet API JAR由你的应用服务器或者servlet容器提供。已提供范围的依赖在编译classpath（不是运行时）可用。它们不是传递性的，也不会被打包。</td> 
>   </tr> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td>runtime(运行时范围)</td> 
>    <td align="center">runtime依赖在运行和测试系统的时候需要，但在编译的时候不需要。比如，你可能在编译的时候只需要JDBC API JAR,而只有在运行的时候才需要JDBC驱动实现。</td> 
>   </tr> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td>test(测试范围)</td> 
>    <td align="center">test范围依赖在编译和运行时都不需要，它们只有在测试编译和测试运行阶段可用。</td> 
>   </tr> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td>system(系统范围)</td> 
>    <td align="center">system范围依赖与provided类似，但是你必须显式的提供一个对于本地系统中JAR文件的路径。这么做是为了允许基于本地对象编译，而这些对象是系统类库的一部分。这样的构件应该是一直可用的，Maven也不会在仓库中去寻找它。 如果你将一个依赖范围设置成系统范围，你必须同时提供一个systemPath元素 。注意该范围是不推荐使用的（应该一直尽量去从公共或定制的Maven仓库中引用依赖）。</td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>

**3. 更新包装为War**  
在`pom.xml`文件中增加以下内容指定-

完成，`mvn`打包并将`$project/target/xxx.war`复制到Tomcat发布目录进行部署。

**4. 完整的Spring Boot WAR+Tomcat部署**  
**4.1** \-以`Spring Boot Thymeleaf`为例，更新它并手动部署到Tomcat。  
**4.2**\-更新现有的`SpringBootWebApplication`并让它扩展`SpringBootServletInitializer`类。`SpringBootWebApplication.java`文件的完整代码如下所示-

package com.th;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringBootWebApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer { 
    
        @Override
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
            return application.sources(SpringBootWebApplication.class);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

**4.3** \-更新打包，并按提供的标记`spring-boot-starter-tomcat`。  
`pom.xml`文件的完整代码如下所示-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>spring-boot-web-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
        <name>Spring Boot Web Thymeleaf Example</name>
        <description>Spring Boot Web Thymeleaf Example</description>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
                <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.2</version>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler</groupId>
                <artifactId>ecj</artifactId>
                <version>4.6.1</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
                <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.7</version>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
        <build>
           
            <finalName>springboot</finalName>
    
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
    
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <warSourceExcludes>src/main/resources/**</warSourceExcludes>
                        <warName>springboot</warName>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

**4.4** \- `application.properties`文件的完整内容如下-

spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/jsp/
    spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
    
    welcome.message=Hello Nicole Tang

**4.5** \- 完整的项目目录结构-  
![这里写图片描述][20180807162248334]

**4.6** \-获取Tomcat并部署WAR文件，执行以下命令-

D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thymeleaf>mvn clean package
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building Spring Boot Web Thymeleaf Example 1.0
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.0.0:clean (default-clean) @ spring-boot-web-thymeleaf ---
    [INFO] Deleting D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thymeleaf\target
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.1:resources (default-resources) @ spring-boot-web-th
    ymeleaf ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] Copying 1 resource
    [INFO] Copying 1 resource
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:compile (default-compile) @ spring-boot-web-thymele
    af ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 2 source files to D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thymeleaf\target\classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.1:testResources (default-testResources) @ spring-boo
    t-web-thymeleaf ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thymeleaf\src\test
    \resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ spring-boot-web
    -thymeleaf ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.21.0:test (default-test) @ spring-boot-web-thymeleaf --
    -
    [INFO] No tests to run.
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:3.1.0:war (default-war) @ spring-boot-web-thymeleaf ---
    [INFO] Packaging webapp
    [INFO] Assembling webapp [spring-boot-web-thymeleaf] in [D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thym
    eleaf\target\springboot]
    [INFO] Processing war project
    [INFO] Copying webapp resources [D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thymeleaf\src\main\webapp]
    [INFO] Webapp assembled in [468 msecs]
    [INFO] Building war: D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thymeleaf\target\springboot.war
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.0.3.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ spring-boot-web-th
    ymeleaf ---
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 8.080 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2018-08-07T15:24:15+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 33M/276M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    D:\workspace\spring-boot-web-thymeleaf>

将生成的`springboot.war`拷贝到Tomcat发布目录下-  
![这里写图片描述][20180807161516824]  
例如，写本文章时，Tomcat 发布目录使用的是 –  
`D:\apache-tomcat-8.5.32\webapps`  
![这里写图片描述][20180807161418819]  
现在点击startup.bat，启动 Tomcat，访问：[http://localhost:8080/springboot/][http_localhost_8080_springboot] ，程序没有错误问题，应该会看到以下结果 –  
![这里写图片描述][201808071617090]  
![这里写图片描述][20180807162006400]

**相关文章：**

*  [Spring Boot教程(一)][Spring Boot]
 *  [Spring Boot是什么？(二)][Spring Boot 1]
 *  [Spring Boot主要目标(三)][Spring Boot 2]
 *  [新项目为什么需要Spring Boot？(四)][Spring Boot 3]
 *  [Spring Boot核心和限制(五)][Spring Boot 4]
 *  [Spring Boot优点和缺点(六)][Spring Boot 5]
 *  [Spring Boot入门(七)][Spring Boot 6]
 *  [Spring Boot安装(八)][Spring Boot 7]
 *  [Spring Boot应用程序开发入门(九)][Spring Boot 8]
 *  [Spring Boot JSP应用实例(十)][Spring Boot JSP]
 *  [Spring Boot Hello World(Thymeleaf)示例(十二)][Spring Boot Hello World_Thymeleaf]
 *  [Spring Boot非web应用程序实例(十三)][Spring Boot_web]
 *  [Spring Boot @ConfigurationProperties实例(十四)][Spring Boot _ConfigurationProperties]
 *  [Spring Boot SLF4J日志实例(十五)][Spring Boot SLF4J]
 *  [Spring Boot Ajax实例(十六)][Spring Boot Ajax]

[Link 1]: https://www.yiibai.com/spring-boot/
[20180807162248334]: /images/20220516/24384bf6fd774790800c8bc772ccee61.png
[20180807161516824]: /images/20220516/7f80da452ad6498d92c45c053a19d3c7.png
[20180807161418819]: /images/20220516/bc9a242460a24442be78d1e0cdf7c41e.png
[http_localhost_8080_springboot]: http://localhost:8080/springboot/
[201808071617090]: /images/20220516/b6c53a3fe73c42f0aada491557176d49.png
[20180807162006400]: /images/20220516/97dbd775b49644c3826bbfee6e0c2604.png
[Spring Boot]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81631532
[Spring Boot 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81632203
[Spring Boot 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81632326
[Spring Boot 3]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81632670
[Spring Boot 4]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81632792
[Spring Boot 5]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81632923
[Spring Boot 6]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81632964
[Spring Boot 7]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81633063
[Spring Boot 8]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81660779
[Spring Boot JSP]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81660830
[Spring Boot Hello World_Thymeleaf]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81660896
[Spring Boot_web]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81660975
[Spring Boot _ConfigurationProperties]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81661208
[Spring Boot SLF4J]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81661266
[Spring Boot Ajax]: https://blog.csdn.net/ththcc/article/details/81870702