5.Matplotlib绘图--柱状图、直方图、盒装图

水深无声 2022-05-13 17:57 225阅读 0赞

# 1.垂直柱状图：bar #

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    #绘制垂直和水平柱状图
    #bar, barh
    #垂直柱状图bar(X,Y)
    y = [30,53,12,45]
    #X,0,1,2,3
    x = range(len(y))
    plt.bar(x,y,facecolor='b',edgecolor='r',width=0.5)
    
    plt.show()

![70][]

width:要设置小于相邻柱状最小间隔，否则柱图会重叠

#width:指两个柱状之间的距离，一般要小于柱距离的最小值
    #plt.bar([1980,1988,1995,2000],[1000,2000,3000,4000],width=1)

![70 1][]

# 2.水平柱状图:barh #

#水平柱状图
    #plt.barh(x, y, facecolor='b', edgecolor='r', height=0.5)
    plt.show()

![70 2][]

# 3.同时绘制多组柱状图 #

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    data = [[5,25,50,20],
            [4,34,65,16],
            [6,24,53,19]]
    
    plt.bar(range(4),data[0],width=0.25)
    plt.bar([x+0.25 for x in range(4)],data[1],width=0.25)
    plt.bar([x+0.5 for x in range(4)],data[2],width=0.25)
    
    
    plt.show()

![70 3][]

多组水平柱状图

plt.barh(range(4),data[0],height=0.25)
    plt.barh([x+0.25 for x in range(4)],data[1],height=0.25)
    plt.barh([x+0.5 for x in range(4)],data[2],height=0.25)
    plt.show()

![70 4][]

# 4.叠加柱状图 #

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    A = [5,30,45,22]
    B = [5,25,50,20]
    '''
    X = range(4)
    plt.bar(X,A,color='b')
    plt.bar(X,B,color='r',bottom=A)
    plt.show()
    '''

![70 5][]

叠加柱状图的numpy实现

import numpy as np
    data = np.array([[5,30,45,22],
                    [5,25,50,20],
                    [10,40,50,20]])
    color_list = ['b','g','r']
    #data.shape[1]:数组列数
    X = np.arange(data.shape[1])
    for i in range(data.shape[0]):
        S = np.sum(data[:i],axis=0)
        print(S)
        plt.bar(X,data[i],bottom=S,color=color_list[i%len(color_list)])
        print("*"*88)
    plt.show()

![70 6][]

# 5.直方图和盒状图： #

画法与柱状图类似，不同点在于，柱状图关注坐标值；而直方图更关注分布频率

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    #柱状图：关注X/Y轴值
    #直方图hist：关注趋势 hist(data,value)
    #x轴：data的值
    #y轴：data值出现的频率
    #盒装图: boxplot(data)
    data = np.random.randn(100)
    print(data)
    print(np.average(data))
    fig,(ax1,ax2) =plt.subplots(1,2,figsize=(8,4))
    print(fig)
    ax1.hist(data,100)
    ax2.boxplot(data)
    plt.show()

![70 7][]

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