Ubuntu 安装和使用docker

蔚落 2022-05-06 03:08 274阅读 0赞

### Ubuntu下安装docker ###

*   *  安装环境
 *  0x01修改镜像源
 *  0x02安装
 *  0x03使用Docker

## 安装环境 ##

使用`uname -a`查看系统版本

> Linux ubuntu 4.15.0-36-generic \#39-Ubuntu SMP x86\_64 GNU/Linux

使用`uname -r`查看系统内核版本

> 4.15.0-36-generic

# 0x01修改镜像源 #

*  终端 `sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list` 然后添加如下（使用163源）

> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise main restricted  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise main restricted  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-updates main restricted  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-updates main restricted  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise universe  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise universe  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-updates universe  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-updates universe  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise multiverse  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise multiverse  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-updates multiverse  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-updates multiverse  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-security main restricted  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-security main restricted  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-security universe  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-security universe  
> deb [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-security multiverse  
> deb-src [http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/][http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu] precise-security multiverse  
> deb [http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu][http_extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu] precise main  
> deb-src [http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu][http_extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu] precise main

*  `sudo apt-get update`更新源

# 0x02安装 #

> sudo apt-get install -y [docker.io][]

# 0x03使用Docker #

*  查看docker信息

> //查看docker版本  
> docker version  
> //显示docker系统的信息  
> docker info

*  容器管理

> //查看正在运行的容器  
> docker ps  
> //查看所有容器  
> docker ps -a  
> docker ps -l

> //创建一个新的容器  
> docker run ubuntu echo “hello world”  
> //创建一个守护式容器在后台运行  
> docker run -d  
> //指定端口号  
> docker run -d -p 8002:80

> //运行一个容器  
> docker start  
> //停止运行某个容器  
> docker stop  
> //进入正在运行的容器  
> docker attach  
> docker exec -it bash

> //解决进入容器不能输入中文的问题  
> docker exec -it env LANG=C.UTF-8 bash

> //删除容器  
> docker rm  
> //停止所有容器  
> docker stop $(docker ps -q)  
> //删除所有容器  
> docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

> //查看容器的IP  
> docker inspect | grep IPAddress  
> //下载组件  
> docker run learn/tutorial apt-get install -y ping  
> //查看端口映射  
> iptables -t nat -nL
> 
> //查看容器所有参数  
> docker inspect <容器ID>  
> //获得容器IP  
> docker inspect cocky\_hermann | grep IPAddress  
> //将容器的8000端口映射到docker主机的8001端口  
> iptables -t nat -A DOCKER -p tcp --dport 8080 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.2:8000

*  镜像管理

> //检索镜像 ubuntu、learn/ping、nginx  
> docker search image\_name  
> //下载镜像  
> docker pull image\_name  
> //显示所有镜像  
> docker images  
> //删除镜像  
> docker rmi  
> docker rmi -f  
> //删除所有none镜像  
> docker rmi $(docker images | grep “none” | awk ‘\{print $3\}’)  
> //删除所有镜像  
> docker rmi $(docker images -q)

> //打包镜像  
> docker save -o python-achievements-image.tar.gz  
> //加载镜像  
> docker load -i python-achievements-image.tar.gz

[http_mirrors.163.com_ubuntu]: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
[http_extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu]: http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
[docker.io]: http://docker.io