RHEL/CentOS 5.x使用第三方软件库（EPEL与RPMForge、RPMFusion软件库）

左手的ㄟ右手 2022-03-18 13:26 156阅读 0赞

**PS：在CentOS下运行yum install flash-plugin或yum install mplayer的时候，提示库里没有找到这个软件？为什么会这样？因为CentOS是RHEL编译过来的，去掉了所有关于版权问题的东西。因此，在没有使用第三方软件库的情况下，很多软件无法用yum install来直接安装。**

EPEL(Extra Packages for [ Enterprise][Enterprise] [Linux][] )软件库提供为 EL4 及 EL5 重新编译的 Fedora 组件。这个软件库在不替换系统组件方面下了功夫。在某些情况下它尝试直接针对 CentOS 兼容性的问题，但坚决否定软件库间的兼容性是目标之一。当它与其它第三方软件库混合使用时，问题可能会出现。故此，当你使用 EPEL 时，尤其是当你亦会运用其它件库的组件时，请确保你使用 yum 的 Priorities 插件。

[RPMForge][]库现在已经拥有超过10000种的CentOS的软件包，被CentOS社区认为是最安全也是最稳定的一个第三方软件库。

**下面，偶就来讲解下如何使用EPEL与RPMForge、[RPMFusion][]软件仓库：**

**一、安装yum-priorities插件。**

这个插件是用来设置yum在调用软件源时的顺序的。因为官方提供的软件源，都是比较稳定和被推荐使用的。因此，官方源的顺序要高于第三方源的顺序。如何保证这个顺序，就需要安装yum-priorities这插件了。

[root@CentOS ~]# yum install yum-priorities #安装yum-priorities

**安装完后需要设置/etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录下的.repo相关文件（如CentOS-Base.repo），在这些文件中插入顺序指令：priority=N （N为1到99的正整数，数值越小越优先）**  
  
一般的配置是这样的：

[base], [addons], [updates], [extras] … priority=1
    [CentOSplus],[contrib] … priority=2
    其他第三的软件源为：priority=N （推荐N>10）

如我的CentOS-Base.repo配置为：

# CentOS-Base.repo
    #
    # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
    # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
    # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
    # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
    #
    # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
    # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
    #
    #
    
    [base]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Base
    mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
    #baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/os/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    priority=1
    
    #released updates
    [updates]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Updates
    mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
    #baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    priority=1
    
    #packages used/produced in the build but not released
    [addons]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Addons
    mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
    #baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    priority=1
    
    #additional packages that may be useful
    [extras]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Extras
    mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
    #baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    priority=1
    
    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [CentOSplus]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Plus
    mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=CentOSplus
    #baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/CentOSplus/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    priority=2
    
    #contrib – packages by CentOS Users
    [contrib]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Contrib
    mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
    #baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    priority=2

**二、下载与安装相应EPEL的rpm文件包**

1，下载与安装EPEL的rpm文件包

32位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

64位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

如果您不清楚您的系统内核，请使用 uname -a 命令来查看您的内核信息。

2，导入DAG的PGP Key

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm –import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL

3，设置/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo文件中源的级别，就是添加priority=11这句。

如我的epel.repo文件内容：

[epel]
    name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 – $basearch
    #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/$basearch
    mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=epel-5&arch=$basearch
    failovermethod=priority
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL
    priority=11
    
    [epel-debuginfo]
    name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 – $basearch – Debug
    #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/$basearch/debug
    mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=epel-debug-5&arch=$basearch
    failovermethod=priority
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL
    gpgcheck=1
    
    [epel-source]
    name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 – $basearch – Source
    #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/SRPMS
    mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=epel-source-5&arch=$basearch
    failovermethod=priority
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL
    gpgcheck=1

**三、下载与安装相应rpmforge的rpm文件包**

1，下载rpmforge的rpm文件包

32位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm

64位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

2，安装DAG的PGP Key

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm –import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

3，验证rpmforge的rpm文件包

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.*.rpm

4，安装rpmforge的rpm文件包

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.*.rpm

5，设置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件中源的级别，就是添加priority=12这句。

如我的rpmforge.repo文件内容：

### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise 5 – dag
    ### URL: http://rpmforge.net/
    [rpmforge]
    name = Red Hat Enterprise $releasever – RPMforge.net – dag
    baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/rpmforge
    mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge
    #mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
    enabled = 1
    protect = 0
    gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
    gpgcheck = 1
    priority=12

**四、下载与安装相应rpmfusion的rpm文件包**

（CentOS官方说这个软件库里面的软件稳定性不如rpmforge，选用！rpmfusion官方站：http://rpmfusion.org）

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/testing/5/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-5-0.1.noarch.rpm
    
    [root@CentOS ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/testing/5/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-5-0.1.noarch.rpm

**五、测试**

1，测试升级

[root@CentOS ~]# yum check-update

输出信息应该会有以下两行：

Loading “priorities” plugin  
…  
XX packages excluded due to repository priority protections

2，安装下mplayer播放器试试，如果安装成功了就没有问题了。

[root@CentOS ~]# yum install mplayer

**PS：以上配置在RHEL/CentOS 5.X所有系列都可以使用！由本人验证总结整理。**

参考文档：http://wiki.centos.org/zh/AdditionalResources/Repositories/RPMForge

[Enterprise]: http://www.ha97.com/tag/enterprise
[Linux]: http://www.ha97.com/category/linux
[RPMForge]: http://www.ha97.com/tag/rpmforge
[RPMFusion]: http://www.ha97.com/tag/rpmfusion