【7】python-opencv3教程：形态学处理（腐蚀，膨胀，开运算和闭运算等）

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2022-03-16 08:24 305阅读 0赞

# 第七节：形态学处理 #

**简述形态学处理：**

![20190227094337275.png][]

### **一：腐蚀** ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

代码实现：

import cv2
    
    I = cv2.imread('img.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    
    # 创建矩形结构元
    s = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
    
    # 腐蚀图像，迭代次数采用默认值1
    r = cv2.erode(I, s)
    
    # 边界提取
    e = I - r
    
    # 显示原图和腐蚀后的结果
    cv2.imshow('origin', I)
    cv2.imshow('deal_image', r)
    
    # 显示边界提取的效果
    cv2.imshow('edge', e)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

输出结果：

原始图：  
 ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

腐蚀后的图

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

边缘图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

### 二：膨胀 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

代码实现 ：

import cv2
    
    I = cv2.imread('img.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    
    # 显示原图
    cv2.imshow('origin', I)
    
    # 结构元半径
    r = 1
    MAX_R = 20
    
    # 显示膨胀效果的窗口
    cv2.namedWindow('dilate', 1)
    def nothing(*args):
        pass
    
    # 调整结构元半径
    cv2.createTrackbar('r', 'dilate', r, MAX_R, nothing)
    
    while True:
        # 得到当前的r值
        r = cv2.getTrackbarPos('r', 'dilate')
    
        # 创建结构元
        s = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (2*r+1, 2*r+1))
    
        # 膨胀图像
        d = cv2.dilate(I, s)
    
        # 显示膨胀效果
        cv2.imshow('dilate', d)
    
        ch = cv2.waitKey(5)
    
        # 按esc退出循环
        if ch == 27:
            break
    
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

输出结果：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

可以调节上面的r 来改变膨胀的力度。。。

### **三：开运算和闭运算** ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

代码实现

import cv2
    import numpy as np
    
    I = cv2.imread('img.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    
    # 显示原图
    cv2.imshow('origin', I)
    
    # 结构元半径和迭代次数
    r, i = 1, 1
    MAX_R, MAX_I = 20, 20
    
    # 显示形态学处理效果的窗口
    cv2.namedWindow('morphology', 1)
    def nothing(*args):
        pass
    
    # 调整结构元半径
    cv2.createTrackbar('r', 'morphology', r, MAX_R, nothing)
    
    # 调整迭代次数
    cv2.createTrackbar('i', 'morphology', i, MAX_I, nothing)
    
    while True:
        # 得到进度条上当前的r值
        r = cv2.getTrackbarPos('r', 'morphology')
    
        # 得到进度条上当前的i值
        i = cv2.getTrackbarPos('i', 'morphology')
    
        # 创建结构元
        s = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (2*r+1, 2*r+1))
    
        # 形态学处理
        d = cv2.morphologyEx(I, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, s, iterations=i)
    
        # 显示效果
        cv2.imshow('morphology', d)
    
        ch = cv2.waitKey(0)
    
        # 按下esc键退出循环
        if ch == 27:
            break
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

输出结果：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

[20190227094337275.png]: /images/20220316/eef86929663644e6b313749b597b5744.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220316/87682c7d1b9b41e8948b14a5fdf462c9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220316/6a33a9caef8443f7acb2c4d8edbd820a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220316/54dcde4c21c34469a25d1cd69cc9e3e4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220316/fe6987866967498598d6c82ef2b5ab8d.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220316/b540af202c9d40c68e7e905b81098b70.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20220316/c210d5d942b64a2da4998c39fa53c2f7.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20220316/87c34c7b9a4d4be0919ccd25c204f730.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NoYXdyb2FkODg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: /images/20220316/020764c4e8a346ce83d5cf3b90a9089a.png