[Docker学习笔记] 镜像管理常用命令

妖狐艹你老母 2021-11-05 09:56 436阅读 0赞

1.创建容器

1）docker pull 从镜像仓库拉取镜像

[root@localhost docker]# docker pull nginx:1.14
    1.14: Pulling from library/nginx
    27833a3ba0a5: Pull complete
    0f23e58bd0b7: Pull complete
    8ca774778e85: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:f7988fb6c02e0ce69257d9bd9cf37ae20a60f1df7563c3a2a6abe24160306b8d
    Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14
    docker.io/library/nginx:1.14

2）docker push 推送镜像到镜像仓库

3）docker images 列出镜像，效果等同于docker image ls

4）docker inspect 查看一个镜像的详情

[root@localhost docker]# docker image inspect nginx:1.14
    [
        {
            "Id": "sha256:295c7be079025306c4f1d65997fcf7adb411c88f139ad1d34b537164aa060369",
            "RepoTags": [
                "nginx:1.14"
            ],
            "RepoDigests": [
                "nginx@sha256:f7988fb6c02e0ce69257d9bd9cf37ae20a60f1df7563c3a2a6abe24160306b8d"
            ],
            "Parent": "",
            "Comment": "",
            "Created": "2019-03-26T23:14:52.227945051Z",
            "Container": "5e8d96e0fb01832974f0680a9aff2fbadc37fcf30447ae30e19f59b926672041",
            "ContainerConfig": {
                "Hostname": "5e8d96e0fb01",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "ExposedPorts": {
                    "80/tcp": {}
                },
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                    "NGINX_VERSION=1.14.2-1~stretch",
                    "NJS_VERSION=1.14.2.0.2.6-1~stretch"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/sh",
                    "-c",
                    "#(nop) ",
                    "CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
                ],
                "ArgsEscaped": true,
                "Image": "sha256:ac539667b75fa925232b8dbbfdfb8adb98007c44e11a5fbd4001916c0fcc0bd4",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": {
                    "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
                },
                "StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
            },
            "DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
            "Author": "",
            "Config": {
                "Hostname": "",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "ExposedPorts": {
                    "80/tcp": {}
                },
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                    "NGINX_VERSION=1.14.2-1~stretch",
                    "NJS_VERSION=1.14.2.0.2.6-1~stretch"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "nginx",
                    "-g",
                    "daemon off;"
                ],
                "ArgsEscaped": true,
                "Image": "sha256:ac539667b75fa925232b8dbbfdfb8adb98007c44e11a5fbd4001916c0fcc0bd4",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": {
                    "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
                },
                "StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
            },
            "Architecture": "amd64",
            "Os": "linux",
            "Size": 109129446,
            "VirtualSize": 109129446,
            "GraphDriver": {
                "Data": {
                    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d9d25b8bbde55606612c08785334355da6737e8acd0bc19cfdeb96a13451349d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c91d73ff17d4c440aa6402db9fbf09f3db70919fae33a241eb61ed3cb9fcc7b/diff",
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1777cc67e8f61946fc9e001c6182fbfda8d9ecd425217e713597565906dbfdd5/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1777cc67e8f61946fc9e001c6182fbfda8d9ecd425217e713597565906dbfdd5/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1777cc67e8f61946fc9e001c6182fbfda8d9ecd425217e713597565906dbfdd5/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "RootFS": {
                "Type": "layers",
                "Layers": [
                    "sha256:5dacd731af1b0386ead06c8b1feff9f65d9e0bdfec032d2cd0bc03690698feda",
                    "sha256:b8f18c3b860b067be09836beadd676a0aa1e784ec28cf730986859b4146c344a",
                    "sha256:82ae01d5004e2143b642b1a008624e7521c73ab18e5776a22f18a172b9dbec80"
                ]
            },
            "Metadata": {
                "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            }
        }
    ]

5）docker image rm 删除镜像

[root@localhost docker]# docker image rm nginx:1.14
    Untagged: nginx:1.14
    Untagged: nginx@sha256:f7988fb6c02e0ce69257d9bd9cf37ae20a60f1df7563c3a2a6abe24160306b8d
    Deleted: sha256:295c7be079025306c4f1d65997fcf7adb411c88f139ad1d34b537164aa060369
    Deleted: sha256:19606512dfe192788a55d7c1efb9ec02041b4e318587632f755c5112f927e0e3
    Deleted: sha256:0b83495b3ad3db8663870c3babeba503a35740537a5e25acdf61ce6a8bdad06f
    Deleted: sha256:5dacd731af1b0386ead06c8b1feff9f65d9e0bdfec032d2cd0bc03690698feda

6）docker tag 引用源镜像、创建带有特定标记的目标镜像，也可以用 docker image tag

[root@localhost docker]# docker image tag nginx:1.14 nginx:test1.14
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker tag nginx:1.14 nginx:test1.14_2
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    busybox             latest              db8ee88ad75f        2 weeks ago         1.22MB
    nginx               1.14                295c7be07902        4 months ago        109MB
    nginx               test1.14            295c7be07902        4 months ago        109MB
    nginx               test1.14_2          295c7be07902        4 months ago        109MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB
    [root@localhost docker]#

7）docker image save 导出镜像，所有层的信息都会保存

导出镜像：docker image save nginx:test > nginx\_test.tar

导入镜像：docker load < nginx\_test.tar 或 docker load -i nginx\_test.tar

[root@localhost docker]# docker image save nginx:test > nginx_test.tar
    [root@localhost docker]# du -sh nginx_test.tar
    124M    nginx_test.tar
    [root@localhost docker]# ls -lh nginx_test.tar
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124M Aug  8 23:38 nginx_test.tar
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker image rm nginx:test
    Untagged: nginx:test
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago         126MB
    busybox             latest              db8ee88ad75f        2 weeks ago         1.22MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB
    [root@localhost docker]# docker load < nginx_test.tar
    Loaded image: nginx:test
    [root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago         126MB
    nginx               test                e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago         126MB
    busybox             latest              db8ee88ad75f        2 weeks ago         1.22MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB

8）docker export 导出文件系统，针对容器操作

导出：docker export 9c596c9dba88 > busybox.tar

导入：docker image import busybox.tar busybox:self

[root@localhost docker]# docker export 9c596c9dba88 > busybox.tar
    [root@localhost docker]# du -sh busybox.tar
    1.4M    busybox.tar
    [root@localhost docker]# docker image import busybox.tar
    sha256:8ed5b2a1e4b6f3cf17d3a3b15829b4ba53cf6b03b50708bbe6e9a24409cd1e07
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    <none>              <none>              8ed5b2a1e4b6        21 seconds ago      1.22MB
    nginx               latest              e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago         126MB
    nginx               test                e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago         126MB
    busybox             latest              db8ee88ad75f        2 weeks ago         1.22MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker image import busybox.tar busybox:self
    sha256:aff42504dc67f47180e98b52225c7c8e2376a9a3629cfc3ee5437036bb2967ec
    [root@localhost docker]#
    [root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
    busybox             self                aff42504dc67        4 seconds ago        1.22MB
    <none>              <none>              8ed5b2a1e4b6        About a minute ago   1.22MB
    nginx               latest              e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago          126MB
    nginx               test                e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago          126MB
    busybox             latest              db8ee88ad75f        2 weeks ago          1.22MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago         1.84kB
    [root@localhost docker]#

docker load 和 doacker import 的区别可参考 -> [https://www.cnblogs.com/Cherry-Linux/p/8025777.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_Cherry-Linux_p_8025777.html]

[https_www.cnblogs.com_Cherry-Linux_p_8025777.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/Cherry-Linux/p/8025777.html