python爬虫基础08-selenium大全2/8-Chrome Webdriver启动选项

逃离我推掉我的手 2021-11-02 15:46 360阅读 0赞

# Selenium笔记（2）Chrome Webdriver启动选项 #

本文集链接：[https://www.jianshu.com/nb/25338984][https_www.jianshu.com_nb_25338984]

在`Selenium`中使用不同的`Webdriver`可能会有不一样的方法，有些相同的操作会得到不一样的结果，本文主要介绍的是`Chrome()`的使用方法。

其他`Webdriver`可以查阅官方文档。

## Chrome WebDriver Options ##

### 简介 ###

这是一个Chrome的参数对象，在此对象中使用`add_argument()`方法可以添加启动参数，添加完毕后可以在初始化Webdriver对象时将此Options对象传入，则可以实现以特定参数启动Chrome。

### 例子 ###

from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options  # 实例化一个启动参数对象 chrome_options = Options() # 添加启动参数 chrome_options.add_argument('--window-size=1366,768') # 将参数对象传入Chrome，则启动了一个设置了窗口大小的Chrome browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

### 常用的启动参数 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <th>启动参数</th> 
 <th>作用</th> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>--user-agent=""</td> 
 <td>设置请求头的User-Agent</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>--window-size=1366,768</td> 
 <td>设置浏览器分辨率</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>--headless</td> 
 <td>无界面运行</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>--start-maximized</td> 
 <td>最大化运行</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>--incognito</td> 
 <td>隐身模式</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>--disable-javascript</td> 
 <td>禁用javascript</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>--disable-infobars</td> 
 <td>禁用浏览器正在被自动化程序控制的提示</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

完整启动参数可以到此页面查看：

[https://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/][https_peter.sh_experiments_chromium-command-line-switches]

#### 禁用图片加载 ####

Chrome的禁用图片加载参数设置比较复杂，如下所示：

prefs = {    'profile.default_content_setting_values' : {        'images' : 2   } } options.add_experimental_option('prefs',prefs)

#### 禁用浏览器弹窗 ####

使用浏览器时常常会有弹窗弹出，以下选项可以禁止弹窗：

prefs = {      'profile.default_content_setting_values' : {          'notifications' : 2       }   }   options.add_experimental_option('prefs',prefs)

### 完整文档 ###

*class* **selenium.webdriver.chrome.options.`Options`**

Bases: `object`

#### Method ####

*  `__init__`()

*  `add_argument`(*argument*)
    
    Adds an argument to the listArgs:Sets the arguments
 *  `add_encoded_extension`(*extension*)
    
    Adds Base64 encoded string with extension data to a list that will be used to extract it to the ChromeDriverArgs:extension: Base64 encoded string with extension data
 *  `add_experimental_option`(*name*, *value*)
    
    Adds an experimental option which is passed to chrome.Args:name: The experimental option name. value: The option value.
 *  `add_extension`(*extension*)
    
    Adds the path to the extension to a list that will be used to extract it to the ChromeDriverArgs:extension: path to the \*.crx file
 *  `set_headless`(*headless=True*)
    
    Sets the headless argumentArgs:headless: boolean value indicating to set the headless option
 *  `to_capabilities`()
    
    Creates a capabilities with all the options that have been set andreturns a dictionary with everything

#### Values ####

*  `KEY` *= 'goog:chromeOptions'*

*  `arguments`
    
    Returns a list of arguments needed for the browser
 *  `binary_location`
    
    Returns the location of the binary otherwise an empty string
 *  `debugger_address`
    
    Returns the address of the remote devtools instance
 *  `experimental_options`
    
    Returns a dictionary of experimental options for chrome.
 *  `extensions`
    
    Returns a list of encoded extensions that will be loaded into chrome
 *  `headless`
    
    Returns whether or not the headless argument is set

## Chrome WebDriver对象 ##

### 简介 ###

这个对象继承自`selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver`，这个类会在下一章讲到，Chrome的WebDriver作为子类增添了几个方法。

### 指定chromedriver.exe的位置 ###

chromedriver.exe一般可以放在环境文件中，但是有时候为了方便部署项目，或者为了容易打包，我们可以将chromedriver.exe放到我们的项目目录中，然后在初始化Chrome Webdriver对象时，传入chromedriver.exe的路径。

如下所示：

from selenium import webdriver browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='chromedriver.exe')

### 完整文档 ###

*class* **selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver**(*executable\_path='chromedriver'*, *port=0*, *options=None*, *service\_args=None*, *desired\_capabilities=None*, *service\_log\_path=None*, *chrome\_options=None*)

Bases: `selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver`

Controls the ChromeDriver and allows you to drive the browser.

You will need to download the ChromeDriver executable from[http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html][http_chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com_index.html]

*  `__init__`(*executable\_path='chromedriver'*, *port=0*, *options=None*, *service\_args=None*, *desired\_capabilities=None*, *service\_log\_path=None*, *chrome\_options=None*)
    
    Creates a new instance of the chrome driver.
    
    Starts the service and then creates new instance of chrome driver.
    
    Args:
    
     *  executable\_path - path to the executable. If the default is used it assumes the executable is in the $PATHport
     *  port you would like the service to run, if left as 0, a free port will be found.
     *  desired\_capabilities: Dictionary object with non-browser specific capabilities only, such as “proxy” or “loggingPref”.
     *  options: this takes an instance of ChromeOptions
 *  `create_options`()

*  `get_network_conditions`()
    
    Gets Chrome network emulation settings.
    
    Returns:A dict. For example:
    
    \{‘latency’: 4, ‘download\_throughput’: 2, ‘upload\_throughput’: 2, ‘offline’: False\}
 *  `launch_app`(*id*)
    
    Launches Chrome app specified by id.
 *  `quit`()
    
    Closes the browser and shuts down the ChromeDriver executable that is started when starting the ChromeDriver
 *  `set_network_conditions`(*\*\*network\_conditions*)
    
    Sets Chrome network emulation settings.
    
    Args:
    
     *  network\_conditions: A dict with conditions specification.
    
    Usage:
    
        driver.set_network_conditions(offline=False, latency=5, # additional latency (ms)                              download_throughput=500 * 1024, # maximal throughput                              upload_throughput=500 * 1024) # maximal throughput
    
     
    
    Note: ‘throughput’ can be used to set both (for download and upload).

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/winfun/p/10985471.html

[https_www.jianshu.com_nb_25338984]: https://www.jianshu.com/nb/25338984
[https_peter.sh_experiments_chromium-command-line-switches]: https://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/
[http_chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com_index.html]: http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html