selenium+headless chrome爬虫

系统管理员 2022-06-02 06:30 259阅读 0赞

python爬虫写起来非常快，虽然也可以用java，但是没有python来的简洁迅速

selenium在前面总结过，是一个自动化测试库。headless chrome是无界面的浏览器模式，和PHANTOMJS类似。但是PHANTOMJS往往会出现莫名的错误，而且速度没有headless chrome快

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
    
    global DRIVER
    chrome_options = Options()
    chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
    chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
        
    DRIVER = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

爬虫的代码有一点需要注意，需要操作事件的时候最好不要直接用相应的方法，比如click。最好嵌入js脚本的方式进行调用。因为爬虫的代码执行速度很快，前端元素结构往往反应不过来，从而找出元素不可见或者不存在的错误。

province_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-province").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
    
    #province_item.click()
    DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',province_item)

下面来个例子，由于做电商平台，省、市、区的数据很好找，但是没有镇、街道的信息。这里通过爬虫从淘宝网将镇，街道的信息抓取下来

#! /usr/local/bin/python
    # encoding: utf-8
    
    '''
    Created on 2018年1月5日
    
    @author: wulinfeng
    @date: 2018-1-5
    '''
    
    import time
    #import request
    from selenium import webdriver
    #from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
    from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
    import pymysql
    
    def init_db():
        global CONNECTION 
        CONNECTION = pymysql.connect("地址","用户名","密码","数据库" ,use_unicode=True, charset="utf8")
    
    def init_web_driver():
        global DRIVER
        #DRIVER = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path='C:\phantomjs-1.9.2-windows\phantomjs.exe')
        #DRIVER.set_window_size(1920, 1080)
        '''   
        dcap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
    
        dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = (
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
            "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.116 Safari/537.36"
        )
        
        dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.viewportSize"] = (
            "width: 1920, "
            "height: 1080"
        )
        
        DRIVER = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path='C:\phantomjs-1.9.2-windows\phantomjs.exe',desired_capabilities=dcap)
        DRIVER.set_window_size(1920, 1080)
        '''
        
        chrome_options = Options()
        chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
        chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
        
        DRIVER = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
        
        #DRIVER=webdriver.Ie()
        #DRIVER=webdriver.Chrome()
    
    def close_db():
        CONNECTION.close()        
        
    def close_web_driver():
        DRIVER.quit() 
        
    def login_taobao(username, password):
        DRIVER.get("https://member1.taobao.com/member/fresh/deliver_address.htm?spm=a1z08.2.0.0.7dad47611Wnj46")
        #DRIVER.get("https://login.taobao.com/member/login.jhtml?spm=a21bo.2017.201864-2.d1.7d2082a4FxukGr&f=top&redirectURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taobao.com%2F")
        #选择登陆方式
        DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"J_Quick2Static\"]").click()
    
        #登陆
        input_user = DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"TPL_username_1\"]")
        input_user.clear()
        input_user.send_keys(username)
        
        DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"TPL_password_1\"]").send_keys(password)
        DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"J_SubmitStatic\"]").click();
        
        time.sleep(0.5)
        
    def get_data():
        #点击地址选择
        #DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"city-title\"]").click()
        city_title = DRIVER.find_element_by_id("city-title")
        DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',city_title)
        
        get_province_and_sub()
        
    def get_province_and_sub():
        #获得省列表
        province_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-province").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
        
        for province_item in province_items:
            pid = province_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
            pname = province_item.get_attribute("title");
            if pid == "-1":
                print("continue province")
                continue
            
            sql = "insert into region_province_t (province_id,province) values('"+pid+"','"+pname+"')"
            print(sql)  
            cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
            cursor.execute(sql)
            CONNECTION.commit()
            
            #province_item.click()
            DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',province_item)
            time.sleep(0.5)
            
            get_city_and_sub(pid)
            back_tab(0) 
        
    def get_city_and_sub(pid):
        #获得市列表
        city_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-city").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
        for city_item in city_items:
            cid = city_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
            cname = city_item.get_attribute("title");
            if cid == "-1":
                print("continue city")
                continue
        
            sql = "insert into region_city_t (city_id,city,province_id) values('"+cid+"','"+cname+"','"+pid+"')"
            print(sql)  
            cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
            cursor.execute(sql)
            CONNECTION.commit()
            
            #city_item.click()
            DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',city_item)
            time.sleep(1)
            
            get_area_and_sub(cid)
            back_tab(1)
            
    def get_area_and_sub(cid):
        #获得县区列表
        area_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-district").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
        for area_item in area_items:
            aid = area_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
            aname = area_item.get_attribute("title");
            if aid == "-1":
                print("continue area")
                continue
            
            sql = "insert into region_area_t (area_id,area,city_id) values('"+aid+"','"+aname+"','"+cid+"')"
            print(sql)  
            cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
            cursor.execute(sql)
            CONNECTION.commit()
            
            #area_item.click()
            DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',area_item)
            time.sleep(0.5)
            
            get_town_and_sub(aid)
            back_tab(2)
            
        
    def get_town_and_sub(aid):
        #获得镇列表
        town_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-street").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
        for town_item in town_items:
            tid = town_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
            tname = town_item.get_attribute("title");
            if tid == "-1":
                print("continue town")
                continue
            
            sql = "insert into region_town_t (town_id,town,area_id) values('"+tid+"','"+tname+"','"+aid+"')"
            print(sql)  
            cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
            cursor.execute(sql)
            CONNECTION.commit()
            
    def back_tab(index):
        districtEle = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-select-tab").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")[index]
        DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',districtEle)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        
    init_db()
    init_web_driver()
    login_taobao("用户名", "密码")
    get_data()
    close_db()
    close_web_driver()