sqlserver数据库如何快速查看表结构sql

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2024-04-01 14:49 63阅读 0赞

有时候，我们熟悉一个新系统，首先就需要熟悉其数据库的各个表结构。这时候，其实我们可以通过一个SQL清晰的查看表结构。

SQL如下：

SELECT
    CASE
    		
    	WHEN
    		col.colorder = 1 THEN
    			obj.name ELSE '' 
    			END AS 表名,
    		col.colorder AS 序号 ,
    		col.name AS 列名 ,
    		ISNULL( ep.[value], '' ) AS 列说明 ,
    		t.name AS 数据类型 ,
    		col.length AS 长度 ,
    		ISNULL( COLUMNPROPERTY( col.id, col.name, 'Scale' ), 0 ) AS 小数位数 ,
    	CASE
    			
    			WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( col.id, col.name, 'IsIdentity' ) = 1 THEN
    			'√' ELSE '' 
    		END AS 标识 ,
    	CASE
    			
    			WHEN EXISTS (
    			SELECT
    				1 
    			FROM
    				dbo.sysindexes si
    				INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id 
    				AND si.indid = sik.indid
    				INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id 
    				AND sc.colid = sik.colid
    				INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name 
    				AND so.xtype = 'PK' 
    			WHERE
    				sc.id = col.id 
    				AND sc.colid = col.colid 
    				) THEN
    				'√' ELSE '' 
    			END AS 主键 ,
    		CASE
    				
    				WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN
    				'√' ELSE '' 
    			END AS 允许空 ,
    			ISNULL( comm.text, '' ) AS 默认值 
    		FROM
    			dbo.syscolumns col
    			LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
    			INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id 
    			AND obj.xtype = 'U' 
    			AND obj.status >= 0
    			LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
    			LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id 
    			AND col.colid = ep.minor_id 
    			AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
    			LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id 
    			AND epTwo.minor_id = 0 
    			AND epTwo.name = 'MS_Description' 
    	WHERE
    	obj.name IN ( 'order_info' ) -- 表名order_info;

在末尾，替换自己的表名即可，

在sqlSever运行后，可看到效果如下，  
![在这里插入图片描述][016bd6186dcb4218bf4db9d91352aad5.png]  
然后将查询结果进行复制或导出，就可以方便的在excel中查看啦

[016bd6186dcb4218bf4db9d91352aad5.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/e55f96880ea54bc989ee56ff60aa8c83.png