从实际问题出发学习Python的面向对象编程：案例解析-向日葵屋

从实际问题出发学习Python的面向对象编程：案例解析

面向对象编程（Object-Oriented Programming，简称OOP）是Python等现代编程语言的重要特性之一。下面我们将通过一个实际问题来解析如何在Python中使用面向对象编程。

案例：一款银行应用

定义：
- 银行账户（Account）
- 存款操作（DepositOperation）
- 取款操作（WithdrawalOperation）
实现：

# 定义账户类
class Account:
    def __init__(self, account_number, balance=0):
        self.account_number = account_number
        self.balance = balance
    # 存取款方法
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount
        print(f"存款成功，金额：{amount}, 新余额：{self.balance}}")
    def withdrawal(self, amount):
        if amount > self.balance:
            print("取款失败，余额不足")
        else:
            self.balance -= amount
            print(f"取款成功，金额：{amount}, 新余额：{self.balance}}")
# 定义存款操作类
class DepositOperation:
    def __init__(self, account):
        self.account = account
    # 执行存款操作
    def execute(self, amount):
        self.account.deposit(amount)
        return f"存款成功，金额：{amount}"
# 定义取款操作类
class WithdrawalOperation:
    def __init__(self, account, amount=0):
        self.account = account
        self.amount = amount
    # 执行取款操作
    def execute(self):
        if self.amount > self.account.balance:
            return f"取款失败，余额不足"
        else:
            self.account.withdrawal(self.amount)
            return f"取款成功，金额：{self.amount}"
# 使用示例
account1 = Account("0001")
account2 = Account("0002", 500)
deposit_op1 = DepositOperation(account1, 200))
deposit_op2 = DepositOperation(account2, 300))
withdrawal_op1 = WithdrawalOperation(account1, 100))
withdrawal_op2 = WithdrawalOperation(account2, 50), 50)
print(deposit_op1.execute())
print(deposit_op2.execute())
print(withdrawal_op1.execute())
print(withdrawal_op2.execute())