【中秋征文】使用Python创意中秋节画月饼《花好月圆》

向右看齐 2024-05-07 17:08 76阅读 0赞

> 大家好，我是猿童学?，又是一年中秋至——花好月圆夜，祝大家中秋节快乐！欢迎收看中秋创造第一期。今年是我在CSDN第一次过中秋节，特意为此去学习了用Python来画月饼，不仅可以学习而且在制作的过程还很有趣。本文将使用[turtle][]（海龟）来画月饼。turtle库是Python重要的标准库之一，是最有价值的程序设计入门实践库,它是程序设计入门层面最常用的基本绘图库。
> 
> ![360f2b48b6c127e7623cf8cc4a8c6f0b.jpeg][]
> 
> **你 ♥ 中的月饼是怎么样的呢？来和我一起画出他的模样吧！**

### 一、效果展示 ###

话不多说先上效果

为了更有意境我加了个完美的背景来衬托出月饼的好看

![e9e44e75f1e44eb396335c8ac3652a4f.png][]

**我的月饼画的不圆的原因是我故意的，为什么呢？**

**因为月有阴晴圆缺啊！哈哈！?**

上面是直接画的，没有填充，接下来我们画一个有填充的。

![ee8cfc3380b14a5493aba55824051e88.gif][]

也可以添加好看的背景噢。

### 二、程序代码 ###

代码将在下面解释，可以看着代码对应下面的函数解释。

**第一种：**

import turtle
    import math
    turtle.title("照彻乾坤，印透山河")
    turtle.bgpic("yueliang/1.png")
    
    p = turtle.Turtle()
    p.pensize(4)
    p.speed(3)
    
    #做月饼的面
    def ellipse(a,b,n=500,c='#CD950C'):
        p.penup()
        p.setpos(a,0)
    
        color = p.color(c)
        p.pendown()
    
        for i in range(n):
            radian = 2 * math.pi /n
            theta = (i+1) * radian
            next_point = (a * math.cos(theta)),b * math.sin(theta)
            p.setpos(next_point)
    
    ellipse(300,200,c='#CD950C')
    ellipse(296,196,c='#FFB90F')
    ellipse(292,192,c='#FFD700')
    
    #做月饼的底
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-10,-300)
    turtle.color("#CD950C")
    turtle.pensize(6)
    turtle.pendown()
    
    turtle.circle(430,42)#33
    turtle.circle(420,-84)#-60
    turtle.goto(-296,-40)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(296,-40)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.right(54)
    turtle.forward(151)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(0,0)
    turtle.pendown()
    
    
    
    def draw(a1,b1,a2,b2,f='#CD950C'):#边角的2个点，分别是(a1,b1),(a2,b2)
        turtle.penup()
        turtle.goto(a1,b1)
        turtle.pensize(6)
        turtle.color(f)
        turtle.pendown()
        turtle.goto(a2,b1)
        turtle.goto(a2,b2)
        turtle.penup()
        return()
    
    #下面是4个角图案
    draw(260,78,130,170,'#FFD700')
    draw(250,90,150,160)
    draw(240,102,172,150)
    draw(230,114,194,140)
    
    draw(-260,-78,-130,-170,'#FFD700')
    draw(-250,-90,-150,-160)
    draw(-240,-102,-172,-150)
    draw(-230,-114,-194,-140)
    
    draw(260,-78,130,-170,'#FFD700')
    draw(250,-90,150,-160)
    draw(240,-102,172,-150)
    draw(230,-114,194,-140)
    
    draw(-262,78,-130,170,'#FFD700')
    draw(-250,90,-150,160)
    draw(-240,102,-172,150)
    draw(-230,114,-194,140)
    
    
    
    
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.pensize(6)
    turtle.color("#CD950C")
    turtle.goto(-270,66)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.goto(-150,66)
    turtle.goto(-150,-66)
    turtle.goto(-270,-66)
    turtle.goto(-270,-54)
    turtle.goto(-170,-54)
    turtle.goto(-170,54)
    turtle.goto(-276,54)
    turtle.goto(-276,42)
    turtle.goto(-190,42)
    turtle.goto(-190,-42)
    turtle.goto(-276,-42)
    turtle.goto(-276,-30)
    turtle.goto(-210,-30)
    turtle.goto(-210,30)
    turtle.goto(-279,30)
    turtle.goto(-279,18)
    turtle.goto(-230,18)
    turtle.goto(-230,-18)
    turtle.goto(-282,-18)
    turtle.goto(-282,-2)
    turtle.goto(-258,-2)
    turtle.penup()
    
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-128,-2)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color("#FFD700")
    turtle.pensize(2)
    turtle.goto(126,-2)
    turtle.penup()
    
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.pensize(6)
    turtle.color("#CD950C")
    turtle.goto(270,66)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.goto(150,66)
    turtle.goto(150,-66)
    turtle.goto(270,-66)
    turtle.goto(270,-54)
    turtle.goto(170,-54)
    turtle.goto(170,54)
    turtle.goto(276,54)
    turtle.goto(276,42)
    turtle.goto(190,42)
    turtle.goto(190,-42)
    turtle.goto(276,-42)
    turtle.goto(276,-30)
    turtle.goto(210,-30)
    turtle.goto(210,30)
    turtle.goto(279,30)
    turtle.goto(279,18)
    turtle.goto(230,18)
    turtle.goto(230,-18)
    turtle.goto(282,-18)
    turtle.goto(282,-2)
    turtle.goto(258,-2)
    turtle.penup()
    
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.pensize(6)
    turtle.color("#CD950C")
    turtle.goto(-110,174)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.goto(-110,90)
    turtle.goto(110,90)
    turtle.goto(110,174)
    turtle.goto(90,174)
    turtle.goto(90,102)
    turtle.goto(-90,102)
    turtle.goto(-90,176)
    turtle.goto(-70,176)
    turtle.goto(-70,114)
    turtle.goto(70,114)
    turtle.goto(70,176)
    turtle.goto(50,176)
    turtle.goto(50,126)
    turtle.goto(-50,126)
    turtle.goto(-50,180)
    turtle.goto(-30,180)
    turtle.goto(-30,138)
    turtle.goto(30,138)
    turtle.goto(30,182)
    turtle.goto(10,182)
    turtle.goto(-10,182)
    turtle.goto(-10,150)
    turtle.goto(10,150)
    turtle.goto(10,166)
    turtle.penup()
    
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(10,76)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.pensize(2)
    turtle.color("#FFD700")
    turtle.goto(10,-75)
    turtle.penup()
    
    
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.pensize(6)
    turtle.color("#CD950C")
    turtle.goto(-110,-174)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.goto(-110,-90)
    turtle.goto(110,-90)
    turtle.goto(110,-174)
    turtle.goto(90,-174)
    turtle.goto(90,-102)
    turtle.goto(-90,-102)
    turtle.goto(-90,-176)
    turtle.goto(-70,-176)
    turtle.goto(-70,-114)
    turtle.goto(70,-114)
    turtle.goto(70,-176)
    turtle.goto(50,-176)
    turtle.goto(50,-126)
    turtle.goto(-50,-126)
    turtle.goto(-50,-180)
    turtle.goto(-30,-180)
    turtle.goto(-30,-138)
    turtle.goto(30,-138)
    turtle.goto(30,-182)
    turtle.goto(10,-182)
    turtle.goto(-10,-182)
    turtle.goto(-10,-150)
    turtle.goto(10,-150)
    turtle.goto(10,-166)
    turtle.penup()
    
    
    #中间金色边框
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-130,170)
    draw(-130,78,130,-78,'#FFD700')
    draw(130,-78,-130,78,'#FFD700')
    turtle.penup()
    
    #中间金色字体
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.speed(1)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-100,0)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color('#D2691E')
    turtle.write("花",font=("隶书",60,"bold"))
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(30,0)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.write("好",font=("隶书",60,"bold"))
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-100,-80)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.write("月",font=("隶书",60,"bold"))
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(30,-80)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.write("圆",font=("隶书",60,"bold"))
    turtle.penup()
    
    
    
    
    p.hideturtle()
    turtle.mainloop()

####  ####

**第二种：**

import turtle
    turtle.title("祝大家中秋节快乐！")
    # turtle.bgpic("hua/1.png")
    
    turtle.speed(100)
    turtle.color("#F5E16F")
    for i in range(20):
     # 顺时针移动18度
     turtle.right(18)
     turtle.begin_fill()
     # 向前移动的距离
     turtle.forward(220)
     # 画半径为 40 的半圆
     turtle.circle(40, 180)
     # 画完半圆之后回到（0，0）
     turtle.goto(0, 0)
     turtle.right(360)
     turtle.end_fill()
    # 设置画笔粗细
    turtle.pensize(20)
    # 填充颜色（外部、内部）
    turtle.color("#F5E16F", "#FF9933")
    turtle.goto(0, -200)
    # 准备开始填充
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(200)
    # 填充结束
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.right(360)
    turtle.color('#F5E16F')
    turtle.goto(0, -180)
    for i in range(12):
     turtle.begin_fill()
     turtle.circle(60, 120)
     turtle.left(180)
     turtle.circle(60, 120)
     turtle.end_fill()
    
    
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-80,-40)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color("#F5E16F")
    turtle.write("团圆", font=("隶书", 60, "bold"))
    
    
    turtle.mainloop()

### 三、素材背景 ###

将图片放在文件夹中

本文将1.png放在yueliang文件夹中

1.png

![c0fe24d569724764abb652c881e0b61b.png][]

2.png

## ![f529965350d94f8d9f6547fa1921dc51.png][] ##

3.png

### ![a442a4736b6d4897a3fc45b0202a5058.png][] ###

更多的背景可以在网上搜索获得。

### 四、原理解释 ###

#### **1、概念** ####

turtle（海龟）是Python重要的标准库之一，它能够进行基本的图形绘制，其概念诞生于1969年。turtle是最有价值的程序设计入门实践库,它是程序设计入门层面最常用的基本绘图库。

**turtle的绘图原理：**

*  有一只海龟处于画布正中心，由程序控制在画布上游走；
 *  海龟走过的轨迹形成了绘制的图形
 *  海龟由程序控制，可改变其大小，颜色等

使用 import 保留字对 turtle 库的引用以下方式：

> import turtle

####  ####

#### 2、函数 ####

**窗体函数**

turtle.setup()函数与窗体有关，定义如下：  
turtle.setup(width,height,startx,starty)  
作用：设置主窗体的大小和位置

> 参数：  
> width:窗口宽度。如果值是整数，表示像素值；如果值是小数，表示窗口宽度与屏幕的比例  
> height:窗口高度。如果值是整数，表示像素值；如果值是小数，表示窗口高度与屏幕的比例  
> startx：窗口左侧与屏幕右侧的像素距离。如果值是None，窗口位于屏幕水平正中央。

**画笔状态函数**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">函数</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">描述</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">pendown( )</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">放下画笔</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">penup()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">提起画笔</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">pensize(width)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">设置画笔线条的粗细为指定大小</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">pencolor()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">设置画笔的颜色</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">color( a,b)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">同时设置画笔和填充颜色</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">begin_fill()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">填充恩形前，调用该方法</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">end_fill( )</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">填充图形结束</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">filling()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">返回填充的状态，True为填充。False为未填充</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">clear( )</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">清空当前窗口，但不改变当前画笔的位置</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">reset()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">清空当前窗口，并重置位置等状态为默认值</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">screensize( )</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">设置画布窗口的宽度、高度和背昱颜色</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">hideturtle()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">隐藏画笔的turtle形状</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">showturtle( )</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">显示画笔的turtle形状</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">isvisible( )</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">如果turtle可见，则返回True</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">write(str,font=None)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">输出font字体的字符串</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**画笔运动函数**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">函数</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">描述</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">fd(distance)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">沿着当前方向前进指定距离</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">bk(distance)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">沿着当前相反方向后退指定距离</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">right(angle)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">向右旋转angle角度</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">left(angle)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">向左旋转angle角度</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">goto(x,y)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">移动到绝对坐标xy)处</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">sex(x)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">修改画笔的横坐标到次，纵坐标不变</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">sety(y)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">修改画笔的纵坐标到y，横坐标不变</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">seth(angle)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">设置当前朝向为angle角度</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">home()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">设置当前画笔位置为原点，朝向东</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">circle(radius,e)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">绘制一个指定半径r和角度e的圆或新形</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">dot(r.color)</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">绘制一个指定半径r和预色color的圆点</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">undo( )</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">撤销画笔的最后一步动作</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">speed()</td> 
 <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">设置画笔的绘制速度，参数为0~10之间</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**颜色代码大全**

![c3cc00a891f74a1e9a6a0bd1f96a7c42.png][]

可以选择自己喜欢的颜色画。

[颜色参考：CSS 颜色代码大全 CSS颜色对照表][CSS _ CSS]

**往期：**

[【中秋征文】使用Python创意中秋节画月饼《花好月圆》][Python]

[【中秋征文】使用Python中秋节嫦娥投食游戏《千里婵娟》][Python 1]

[turtle]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=turtle&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020
[360f2b48b6c127e7623cf8cc4a8c6f0b.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/05/07/3beee9c35dde46c89f2d90d5e25b0d9e.jpeg
[e9e44e75f1e44eb396335c8ac3652a4f.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/05/07/1f24f05e5c4f4001a50186e86382b871.png
[ee8cfc3380b14a5493aba55824051e88.gif]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/05/07/12d2d2587c294cc6bca4793787ea73c2.gif
[c0fe24d569724764abb652c881e0b61b.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/05/07/e90266096f0342e794f32fa10f1d4a34.png
[f529965350d94f8d9f6547fa1921dc51.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/05/07/5dc6101fc4ce42dd86da1296ad352167.png
[a442a4736b6d4897a3fc45b0202a5058.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/05/07/fd111ca2916c428cb30804d0234226f4.png
[c3cc00a891f74a1e9a6a0bd1f96a7c42.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/05/07/f8035f4820c3419387da6de02fbb637b.png
[CSS _ CSS]: https://blog.csdn.net/u012117917/article/details/41604711?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522166186956916780366550507%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=166186956916780366550507&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_positive~default-1-41604711-null-null.142%5Ev42%5Epc_rank_34,185%5Ev2%5Econtrol&utm_term=%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B2&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
[Python]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21402983/article/details/126601143
[Python 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21402983/article/details/126634634