微服务环境搭建(spring cloud Alibaba)(一)

快来打我* 2024-04-29 19:11 91阅读 0赞

![8eb0b6aecd482acb1bcc988f8a79dc7b.jpeg][]

模块: 商品模块, 订单模块, 用户模块

## 一. 1. 技术选型以及准备工作 ##

maven : 3.8.8版本

数据库: MySQL 8.0.32

持久层: springData , jpa

其他java环境 : SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

#### 2. 模块 设计 ####

springcloud- alibaba 父工程

shop - common 公共模块 \[ 实体类 \]

shop - user 用户服务 \[ 端口号: 807x \]

shop - product 商品微服务 \[ 端口: 808x \]

shop - order 订单微服务 \[ 端口: 809 x\]

简单架构如下图:

![9ee2d679e7794cb5bc874a3ddc225f3a.png][]

#### 3. 微服务 实现简单介绍 ####

在微服务架构中,最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用.在电商系统重常见的用户下单 来掩饰微服务之间的调用, 客户想订单微服务发起一个下单的请求 , 在尽心保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品信息

主动调用: 服务消费者 被动调用: 服务提供者

![63b6af66e3924db79713640d7b757b46.png][]

## 二 . 1. 创建父工程项目(记得查看版本) ##

![dc255ad1e6614bd6a97e0c7660e55769.png][]

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![58104df291ff4b48bd21705f4721aadf.png][]

![9b6b193534ec4346bafda426a6ebdb9c.png][]

相对应的maven依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
    http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>pom</packaging>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
            <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
    
    
    
                    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
    
    </project>

## 三 . 1. 创建公共基础模块 shop- common ##

![5690d12cb6a240d081d7a0b237a9590a.png][]

![b9f567d8280b4110b6aa4ce2999358a5.png][]

![27cb1d6a9828472ab70f3e8b948b37df.png][]

导入相对应的pom.xml ,

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
    
        <properties>
            <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.76</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>8.0.32</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

如图所示:

![6533c20c8dda4343af893e32273fc5f2.png][]

在shop-common中新建com. example. server. pojo包

创建实体类user

package com.example.server.pojo;
    
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
    import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
    import javax.persistence.Id;
    
    @Entity(name = "shop-user")
    @Data
    public class User {
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
        private Integer uid;//主键
        private String username;//用户名
        private String password;//密码
        private String telephone;//手机号
    }

创建实体类Product

package com.example.server.pojo;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
    import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
    import javax.persistence.Id;
    
    //商品
    @Entity(name = "shop_product")
    @Data
    public class Product {
        @Id
        // 注解存在的意义主要就是为一个实体生成一个唯一标识的主键、
        @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
        private Integer pid;//主键
        private String pname;//商品名称
        private Double pprice;//商品价格
        private Integer stock;//库存
    }

创建实体类 Order

package com.example.server.pojo;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
    import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
    import javax.persistence.Id;
    
    //订单
    @Entity(name = "shop_order")
    @Data
    public class Order {
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
        private Long oid;//订单id
        private Integer uid;//用户id
        private String username;//用户名
        private Integer pid;//商品id
        private String pname;//商品名称
        private Double pprice;//商品单价
        private Integer number;//购买数量
    }

## 四. 搭建用户微服务模块shop-user ##

步骤: 1 创建模块 导入依赖

![e488f502f3b64099b6d04835df136e6f.png][]

目录结构:

![76f49adcbef1424db79f632327962fa8.png][]

2 创建SpringBoot主类

package com.example;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class ShopUserApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ShopUserApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

3 加入配置文件

4 创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao) 新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作 1 创建pom.xml

5. 创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
      port: 8071
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-product
      datasource:
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
        username: root
        password: root
      jpa:
        properties:
          hibernate:
            hbm2ddl:
              auto: update
            dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

## 五. 搭建商品微服务模块 shop-product ##

![650a1b20020e4feb979f096c69db711b.png][]

pom.xml文件

编写主类 springboot执行类

package com.example;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class ShopProductApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ShopProductApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

创建配置文件application.yml

server:
      port: 8081
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-product
      datasource:
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql:///springcloud_shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
        username: root
        password: 123456
      jpa:
        properties:
          hibernate:
            hbm2ddl:
              auto: update
            dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建在com.example. productDao接口

package com.example.dao;
    
    import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
    
    public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
    }

创建ProductService接口和实现类

ProductService

package com.example.service;
    
    import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
    
    public interface ProductService {
        Product findByPid(Integer pid);
    }

ProductServiceimpl

package com.example.service.impl;
    
    import com.example.dao.ProductDao;
    import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
    import com.example.service.ProductService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
        @Autowired
        private ProductDao productDao;
    
    
    
        @Override
        public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
            return productDao.findById(pid).get();
        }
    }

创建Controller

package com.example.controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
    import com.example.service.ProductService;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    @Slf4j
    public class ProductController {
        @Autowired
        private ProductService productService;
    
    
        @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
        public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
            Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
            log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
            return product;
        }
    
    }

创建MySQL数据库:

create database  springcloud_shop;
    use springcloud_shop;
    
    
    create table  shop_product (
    pid int ,
    pname VARCHAR(10) not NULL,
    
    pprice  VARCHAR(10) not null,
    stock VARCHAR(10) not null
    
    );
    
    create table shop_user(
    uid int not null primary key,
    username VARCHAR(20) ,
    
    password VARCHAR(20),
    
    telephone VARCHAR(11)
    
    );
    delete from shop_user
    
    create table shop_user (
    uid integer not null auto_increment, 
    userpassword varchar(255), 
    telephone varchar(255), 
    username varchar(255), 
    primary key (uid)
    
    ) engine=InnoDB
    
    INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(1,'小米','1000','5000');
    INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(2,'华为','2000','5000');
    INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(3,'苹果','3000','5000');
    INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(4,'OPPO','4000','5000');

通过浏览器访问服务 [localhost:8081/product/1][localhost_8081_product_1]

![5225fb7e394a4c79af8b67b36a700acf.png][]

## 六. 微服务搭建 订单模块 shop-order ##

创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

创建springboot执行类

package com.example;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class ShopOrderApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

在com.example.serve..dao

OrderDao接口

package com.example.server.dao;
    
    import com.example.server.pojo.Order;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
    
    public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
    }

com.example.serve包 接口

OrderService

package com.example.server.service;
    
    import com.example.server.pojo.Order;
    
    public interface OrderService {
        void save(Order order);
    }

OrderServiceImpl

package com.example.server.service.impl;
    
    import com.example.server.dao.OrderDao;
    import com.example.server.pojo.Order;
    import com.example.server.service.OrderService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
        @Autowired
        private OrderDao orderDao;
    
        @Override
        public void save(Order order) {
            orderDao.save(order);
        }
    }

创建RestTemplate 通过restTemplate调用商品微服务

package com.example;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class OrderApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
        }
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

创建controller

package com.example.server.controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.example.server.pojo.Order;
    import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
    import com.example.server.service.OrderService;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @RestController
    @Slf4j
    public class OrderController {
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        @Autowired
        private OrderService orderService;
        //准备买1件商品
        @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
        public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
            log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
    //通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
            Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
                    "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
            log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
            Order order = new Order();
            order.setUid(1);
            order.setUsername("测试用户");
            order.setPid(product.getPid());
            order.setPname(product.getPname());
            order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
            order.setNumber(1);
            orderService.save(order);
            return order;
        }
    }

启动服务之后访问: [localhost:8091/order/prod/1][localhost_8091_order_prod_1]

这样简单的微服务环境搭建好了

![2de232b827924e919a699ff965756e0c.png][]

[8eb0b6aecd482acb1bcc988f8a79dc7b.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/e303c4631f974d63977becef71fab290.jpeg
[9ee2d679e7794cb5bc874a3ddc225f3a.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/24030d2d8e4e4649a7b62e15392b1362.png
[63b6af66e3924db79713640d7b757b46.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/5cf3e702bbed4822a837bc1a45a86def.png
[dc255ad1e6614bd6a97e0c7660e55769.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/cc7f329610914d37a81d617dcce244fe.png
[f72a30c7b02b41109b08aff299d02645.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/4cc183a4557840c68c27451573d7bce6.png
[58104df291ff4b48bd21705f4721aadf.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/89bd8c2324904ec499cd7c2a25d1f47c.png
[9b6b193534ec4346bafda426a6ebdb9c.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/aa5a2e06f6bb438895c320dad70a0381.png
[5690d12cb6a240d081d7a0b237a9590a.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/049f536fb74c4a2a87f8743cbac3752c.png
[b9f567d8280b4110b6aa4ce2999358a5.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/15a6ffe0c64849939ac6d576d289c73d.png
[27cb1d6a9828472ab70f3e8b948b37df.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/13bf432a596448e9acd726482bc85e95.png
[6533c20c8dda4343af893e32273fc5f2.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/83b6255b630e4016a4e3ce2ebe701ba6.png
[e488f502f3b64099b6d04835df136e6f.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/a9ddb0f482274eb4a1b7ade0fb8bd2a1.png
[76f49adcbef1424db79f632327962fa8.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/7217647789c54c85b78defea93ec9ede.png
[650a1b20020e4feb979f096c69db711b.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/5800f86d6b54488f8393b6e81036d36d.png
[localhost_8081_product_1]: http://localhost:8081/product/1
[5225fb7e394a4c79af8b67b36a700acf.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/cc589c51c7414736a30a536e45184db1.png
[localhost_8091_order_prod_1]: http://localhost:8091/order/prod/1
[2de232b827924e919a699ff965756e0c.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/29/efde235d9c02477bb45f7e3f06b21992.png