Django 文件上传（十二）

旧城等待， 2024-04-20 12:26 85阅读 0赞

当 Django 处理文件上传时，文件数据最终会被放置在 [request.FILES][] 。

查看文档：[文件上传 | Django 文档 | Django][_ Django _ _ Django]

**Django工程如下：**

![a86b4f08513d449fb650c59a5b77f92f.png][]

#### **创建本地存储目录** ####

**在static/应用目录下创建uploads目录用于存储接收上传的文件**

![c5861be05c344aad952ceb3bd6fd0fca.png][]

**在settings.py 配置静态目录和上传目录**

#指定静态文件路径
    STATICFILES_DIRS=[
        BASE_DIR / 'static'
    ]
    
    
    #媒体文件本地存放路径 (如果是模块，则必须指定哦！！)
    MEDIA_ROOT= BASE_DIR / 'App/static/uploads'

### 一、单个文件上传 ###

**1、models.py模型数据**

from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    #存放用户图片数据表
    class UserModel(models.Model):
        #用户名
        name=models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True)
        #图片
        icon=models.CharField(max_length=300)
    
        class Meta:
            db_table='user'
            verbose_name='用户表'
            verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

> **注意：迁移文件**

**2、upload.html页面**

<body>
         <h2>单个文件上传</h2>
         <hr/>
         <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
             {% csrf_token %}
             <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="uname"/></p>
             <p>头像:<input type="file" name="icon"/></p>
             <p><button>上传图片</button></p>
         </form>
    </body>

> [注意：from表单][from]上传文件需要加 enctype=”multipare/form-data” 必须是post请求。

**3、views.py视图函数**

#单个文件上传
    def upload_1(request):
        if request.method=='GET':
            return  render(request,'upload.html')
        elif request.method=='POST':
            #获取文件上传数据
            uname=request.POST.get('uname')
            #获取文件
            icon=request.FILES.get('icon')
            #上传到本地
            #调用方法-
            #337791d7-8ae5-4d97-b0d8-17dcc71fd94f.jpg
            filename=getUuidName()+icon.name[icon.name.rfind('.'):]
    
            #1.分段保存上传的路径
            file_path=os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT,filename)
            print(filename,file_path)
            #分段存入
            with open(file_path,'ab') as f:
                #循环
                for part in icon.chunks():
                    f.write(part) #写入
                    f.flush()  #清空缓存
    
            #2.将上传文件保存到数据表中
            user=UserModel()
            user.name=uname
            user.icon='uploads/'+filename
            user.save()
    
            return render(request, 'upload.html')
    
    
    #通过uuid获取唯一的图片名
    def getUuidName():
        return str(uuid.uuid4())  #随机生成名字
    
    #显示图片
    def showImg(request,id):
        user= UserModel.objects.get(pk=id)
        return render(request, 'show.html',{'user':user})

**4、urls.py路由**

from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    from App.views import *
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('index/', index),  # 静态文件
        path('up1/', upload_1),  # 文件上传
        path('show/<int:id>', showImg, name='show'),  # 显示图片
        path('up2/', upload_2),  # 文件上传more
        path('show2/<int:id>', showImg2, name='show2'),  # 显示图片more
    
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    ]

**5、show.html 显示上传的图片**

**6、运行**

![6a53f12699904202a8dedfae54e270a5.png][]

![dd1deea5fdbf46d79ad48db70648c65e.png][]

![c3fec0c6adff491c9759d4c9f159b11e.png][]

### 二、多个文件上传 ###

**1、uploadmore.html页面**

<body>
         <h2>多个文件上传</h2>
         <hr/>
         <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
             {% csrf_token %}
             <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="uname"/></p>
    {#         <p>头像:<input type="file" name="icon"/></p>#}
             {
       { form }}
             <p><button>上传图片</button></p>
         </form>
    </body>

**2、views.py视图函数**

#########################################################
    #表单类
    class FileUploadForm(forms.Form):
        files=forms.FileField(widget=forms.ClearableFileInput(attrs={'multiple':True}))
    
    
    #多个文件上传
    def upload_2(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            #获取表单类
            form=FileUploadForm(request.POST,request.FILES)
            #判断
            if form.is_valid():
                # 获取文件上传数据
                uname = request.POST.get('uname')
                # 获取文件
                icons = request.FILES.getlist('files')
                #保存多个文件名
                ll_names=[]
                #循环图片
                for file in icons:
                    #处理上传文件
                    handle_uploaded_file(file)
                    #保存文件名
                    ll_names.append('uploads/' + file.name)
    
                #列表转换成字符串
                strs = ','.join(ll_names)
    
                # 2.将上传文件保存到数据表中
                user = UserModel()
                user.name = uname
                user.icon =strs
                user.save()
    
                # print(ll_names, strs)
    
                return render(request, 'showmore.html')
        else:
            form = FileUploadForm()
        return render(request, 'uploadmore.html', {'form': form})
    
    
    
    def handle_uploaded_file(file):
        """ 文件保存处理 """
        filePath = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, file.name)
        # 保存文件
        with open(filePath, 'wb+') as fp:
            for info in file.chunks():
                fp.write(info)
                fp.flush()
    
    #显示图片
    def showImg2(request,id):
        user= UserModel.objects.get(pk=id)
        return render(request, 'showmore.html',{'user':user})

**3、自定义模板标签和过滤器**

**文档：https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-tags/**

from django.template import Library
    register = Library()
    
    
    @register.filter(name="split")
    def split(value, key):
        """
            Returns the value turned into a list.
        """
        return value.split(key)

> **注意：必须重启服务器，自定义模板才生效！！**

**4、showmore.html 显示上传的图片**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        {%  load static %}
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/show.css' %}">
    </head>
    <body>
        <h2>显示更多图片</h2>
        <hr/>
        {%  load static %}
        <p id="p">{
       { user.name }}</p>
    
    {# 开发服务器并不会自动重启 添加 templatetags 模块后，你需要重启服务器，这样才能在模板中使用 tags 和 filters。#}
    {#    加载自定义模板#}
    {% load myfilter %}
        {% with user.icon|split:"," as details %}
             {% for im in details %}
                <p><img src="{% static im %}"> </p>
             {% endfor %}
      {% endwith %}
    
    </body>
    </html>

**5、运行**

![12005f5f2e984428915749d2b6d28fa7.png][]

![619a7e385ffa4a7ead69925d2bc089ef.png][]

![f99529531c604859af66179a46492bf2.png][]

> 单个或多个文件上传，查看文档还是容易实现！！！

[request.FILES]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.2/ref/request-response/#django.http.HttpRequest.FILES
[_ Django _ _ Django]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.2/topics/http/file-uploads/
[a86b4f08513d449fb650c59a5b77f92f.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/62d3c7e0ad2b431fa5d8f0ebc16d8233.png
[c5861be05c344aad952ceb3bd6fd0fca.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/e74e6d7d651649229fff11777b6c939f.png
[from]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=from%E8%A1%A8%E5%8D%95&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020
[6a53f12699904202a8dedfae54e270a5.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/bbc8276f40924eb089273b5f0019be7b.png
[dd1deea5fdbf46d79ad48db70648c65e.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/14a725a805ab4757a4facd70db98efd0.png
[c3fec0c6adff491c9759d4c9f159b11e.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/b15a89ab651844b490d93f14a20dd051.png
[12005f5f2e984428915749d2b6d28fa7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/0ff8da76eec34fd09ae506c517c50107.png
[619a7e385ffa4a7ead69925d2bc089ef.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/8c1041629be043e592a69b6324200fb1.png
[f99529531c604859af66179a46492bf2.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/20/35ee53c559e44aeab031da3c8009abd4.png