Ubuntu-22.04安装MegaCLI并查看MegaRAID的配置

超、凢脫俗 2024-04-20 05:30 52阅读 0赞

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#### 文章目录 ####

*  前言
 *  一、MegaRAID
 *  二、安装MegaCLI
 *   *  1.Ubuntu-18.04
     *  2.Ubuntu-22.04
     *  3.Ubuntu-20.04
     *  4.CentOS-7
     *  5.其它发行版
 *  三、使用MegaCLI
 *   *  1.查看所有适配器信息
     *  2.查看所有物理磁盘信息
 *  四、方便的脚本
 *  五、配置方法
 *   *  1.BIOS方式
     *  2.MegaCLI方式
     *   *  1.查看RAID控制器管控的所有硬盘
         *  2.为新硬盘创建RAID
 *  总结

--------------------

## 前言 ##

经常使用服务器的都知道RAID的重要性，现代的服务器基本都是基于RAID部署的。举个例子，基于`RAID 1`部署的磁盘阵列互为`镜像`，只要不是两块盘同时坏，数据一定不会丢，只需要替换掉故障的盘，什么都不用做，RAID会`自动重建`的。还有`RAID 0`、`RAID 5`、`RAID 10`等这里就不赘述了，不是本篇讨论的重点，今天我们只讨论怎么查看服务器的RAID配置。

`本篇基于MegaRAID，不涉及其它RAID。`

--------------------

## 一、MegaRAID ##

`MegaRAID`是一种常用于服务器和高端存储设备的RAID（冗余阵列）控制器技术。通过MegaRAID，用户可以配置和管理硬盘驱动器（HDD）或固态硬盘（SSD）的RAID阵列，以提供数据冗余、提高性能和增加存储容量。

MegaRAID是`LSI`公司的产品，LSI后来被`Avago`公司收购。  
[LSI公司][LSI]

我们面临的问题是在Linux系统里面没有办法直接看到`硬RAID信息`（通过BIOS创建），只能看到`软RAID信息`（通过软件创建）。所以各家厂商提供了专门的工具帮助开发者或运维者查看和管理RAID。我们讲的MegaRAID就是这样的，我所使用的RAID就是在BIOS里面设置的。

## 二、安装MegaCLI ##

MegaRAID提供了一个工具管理RAID叫`MegaCLI`，这个工具在博通网站就能下载到，支持多种Linux发行版（Ubuntu、CentOS、RedHat…），今天主要讲Ubuntu上的MegaCLI安装。

`注意：Ubuntu-18.04和以上版本安装方式不一样，后面会细讲！`

### 1.Ubuntu-18.04 ###

这个版本比较容易，使用`APT`就可以安装了。以下方法按照顺序执行，我经过多方认证确定不会出现问题，如果发生冲突大概率是你的环境有问题。

#/etc/apt/sources.list末尾添加源
    sudo sed -i '$a\deb http://hwraid.le-vert.net/ubuntu precise main' /etc/apt/sources.list
    #添加验证密钥
    wget -O - http://hwraid.le-vert.net/debian/hwraid.le-vert.net.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
    #更新源
    sudo apt update
    #安装
    sudo apt-get install megacli megactl megaraid-status

### 2.Ubuntu-22.04 ###

这个版本不能用上面的方式安装，因为megacli`依赖Python2`，而22.04已经`移除了Python2`，强行安装或许可以，但不是最好的方法。

这里我自己上传了个MegaRAID.tar，这是我从CentOS7中提取的`可执行文件+库`，因为官方只提供了.rpm的包，没有提供.deb的包，所以我用这种方法移植到Ubuntu了。  
[资源链接][Link 1]

下载完成之后是MegaRAID.tar，执行下面的命令：

解压
    sudo tar -xmf MegaRAID.tar
    
    移动
    sudo mv MegaRAID /opt
    
    创建软链
    sudo ln -s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /usr/sbin/megacli
    
    缺少依赖库就安装，不缺少就跳过
    sudo apt install libncurses5

这个时候就可以开始使用了。

### 3.Ubuntu-20.04 ###

放在22.04后面是因为我手上没有20.04的版本，APT方式安装的megacli依赖Python2，我也忘了20.04是不是阉割了Python2，使用`which python2`来测试是不是预装了python2.7，如果有按照18.04的方式安装，没有的话就按照22.04的方式安装。

### 4.CentOS-7 ###

实测可以按照22.04的方式安装。

### 5.其它发行版 ###

我常用的就这些发行版，需要其它版本请下载下面的多版本试试。  
[MegaCLI][]

## 三、使用MegaCLI ##

确保已经安装完成了。

`注意：需要sudo权限或者切换root用户！`

查看机器型号    
    dmidecode | grep "Product" 
    查看厂商     
    dmidecode| grep  "Manufacturer" 
    查看序列号     
    dmidecode | grep  "Serial Number" 
    查看CPU信息     
    dmidecode | grep  "CPU" 
    查看CPU个数     
    dmidecode | grep  "Socket Designation: CPU" |wc –l 
    查看出厂日期     
    dmidecode | grep "Date" 
    查看充电状态     
    megacli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL |grep "Charger Status" 
    显示BBU状态信息     
    megacli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus –aALL 
    显示BBU容量信息     
    megacli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuCapacityInfo –aALL 
    显示BBU设计参数     
    megacli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuDesignInfo –aALL 
    显示当前BBU属性     
    megacli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuProperties –aALL 
    查看充电进度百分比     
    megacli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL |grep "Relative State of Charge" 
    查询Raid阵列数     
    megacli -cfgdsply -aALL |grep "Number of DISK GROUPS:" 
    显示Raid卡型号，Raid设置，Disk相关信息       
    megacli -cfgdsply –aALL 
    显示所有物理信息     
    megacli -PDList -aALL 
    显示所有逻辑磁盘组信息     
    megacli -LDInfo -LALL –aAll 
    查看物理磁盘重建进度(重要)     
    megacli -PDRbld -ShowProg -PhysDrv [1:5] -a0 
    查看适配器个数    
    megacli –adpCount 
    查看适配器时间    
    megacli -AdpGetTime –aALL 
    显示所有适配器信息    
    megacli -AdpAllInfo –aAll 
    查看Cache 策略设置     
    megacli -cfgdsply -aALL |grep Polic

简单说下常用的两个命令，第一个是查看RAID配置，第二个是查看物理磁盘。

### 1.查看所有适配器信息 ###

MegaRAID称RAID控制器为`适配器`（Adapter），每个适配器都有一个`唯一ID`；`VD`就是虚拟驱动器，就是你配置的`RAID 0`、`RAID 1`这种磁盘组合，对Linux系统来说就是你在`/dev`里看到的诸如sda、sdb这种；`PD`就是物理驱动器（就是一块块`硬盘`）。

`注意：新插入插槽的硬盘不会在/dev里面显示，只有你添加了VD之后才会显示为sd*这样的样式。同样，你移除VD之后它就从/dev里消失了。`

sudo megacli -LDInfo -LALL –aAll
    
    Adapter 0 -- Virtual Drive Information:
    Virtual Drive: 0 (Target Id: 0)
    Name                :
    RAID Level          : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0
    Size                : 893.75 GB
    Sector Size         : 512
    Is VD emulated      : Yes
    Mirror Data         : 893.75 GB
    State               : Optimal
    Strip Size          : 64 KB
    Number Of Drives    : 2
    Span Depth          : 1
    Default Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU
    Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU
    Default Access Policy: Read/Write
    Current Access Policy: Read/Write
    Disk Cache Policy   : Disk's Default
    Encryption Type     : None
    Default Power Savings Policy: Controller Defined
    Current Power Savings Policy: None
    Can spin up in 1 minute: No
    LD has drives that support T10 power conditions: No
    LD's IO profile supports MAX power savings with cached writes: No
    Bad Blocks Exist: No
    Is VD Cached: No

`RAID Level`：就是配置的RAID方式，我这里是`RAID 1`

RAID Level对应关系：  
RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 \#RAID 1  
RAID Level : Primary-0, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 \#RAID 0  
RAID Level : Primary-5, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 \#RAID 5

`Size`：逻辑磁盘容量，就是组成RAID之后你在系统里看到的可用容量

`Sector Size`：镞大小，不细讲了，你可以自行研究下。

`Number Of Drives`：多少个物理磁盘参与了这个RAID，这里显示是2个。

`注：关于RAID 1支持的硬盘数，我查了好久，可以确认的是Intel的RAID 1是仅限2个磁盘，Wiki上说至少2块，我见过的都是2块，大于2块的我没见过。不是说不支持，2块其实已经很安全了，2块磁盘同时坏的可能性很低。所以似乎也没多少必要用3块乃至更多的磁盘，更多的磁盘意味着更高的成本，更慢的速度。`

### 2.查看所有物理磁盘信息 ###

这才是我真正想看到的，从Linux系统层面无法看到插了几块硬盘，每块硬盘都插在了哪个槽位，每块硬盘属于哪个RAID，这都是很重要的信息。虽然从BIOS可以看到，但是我总没有不能去重启服务器吧，有些服务器可是24小时运行的呢！而且现在服务器基本都是支持硬盘热插拔的。

sudo megacli -PDList -aALL 
    
    Adapter #0
    
    Enclosure Device ID: 32
    Slot Number: 0
    Drive's position: DiskGroup: 0, Span: 0, Arm: 0
    Enclosure position: 1
    Device Id: 0
    WWN: **************
    Sequence Number: 2
    Media Error Count: 0
    Other Error Count: 0
    Predictive Failure Count: 0
    Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
    PD Type: SATA
    
    Raw Size: 894.252 GB [0x6fc81ab0 Sectors]
    Non Coerced Size: 893.752 GB [0x6fb81ab0 Sectors]
    Coerced Size: 893.75 GB [0x6fb80000 Sectors]
    Sector Size:  512
    Logical Sector Size:  512
    Physical Sector Size:  4096
    Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
    Device Firmware Level: 0100
    Shield Counter: 0
    Successful diagnostics completion on :  N/A
    SAS Address(0): 0x4433221104000000
    Connected Port Number: 1(path0)
    Inquiry Data: PHYF8454006A960CGN  INTEL SSDSC2KB960G8                     XCV10100
    FDE Capable: Not Capable
    FDE Enable: Disable
    Secured: Unsecured
    Locked: Unlocked
    Needs EKM Attention: No
    Foreign State: None
    Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s
    Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s
    Media Type: Solid State Device
    Drive:  Not Certified
    Drive Temperature :18C (64.40 F)
    PI Eligibility:  No
    Drive is formatted for PI information:  No
    PI: No PI
    Drive's NCQ setting : N/A
    Port-0 :
    Port status: Active
    Port's Linkspeed: 6.0Gb/s
    Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No
    
    
    
    Enclosure Device ID: 32
    Slot Number: 1
    Drive's position: DiskGroup: 0, Span: 0, Arm: 1
    Enclosure position: 1
    Device Id: 1
    WWN: *************
    Sequence Number: 2
    Media Error Count: 0
    Other Error Count: 0
    Predictive Failure Count: 0
    Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
    PD Type: SATA
    
    Raw Size: 894.252 GB [0x6fc81ab0 Sectors]
    Non Coerced Size: 893.752 GB [0x6fb81ab0 Sectors]
    Coerced Size: 893.75 GB [0x6fb80000 Sectors]
    Sector Size:  512
    Logical Sector Size:  512
    Physical Sector Size:  4096
    Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
    Device Firmware Level: 0100
    Shield Counter: 0
    Successful diagnostics completion on :  N/A
    SAS Address(0): 0x4433221100000000
    Connected Port Number: 0(path0)
    Inquiry Data: PHYF845406QH960CGN  INTEL SSDSC2KB960G8                     XCV10100
    FDE Capable: Not Capable
    FDE Enable: Disable
    Secured: Unsecured
    Locked: Unlocked
    Needs EKM Attention: No
    Foreign State: None
    Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s
    Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s
    Media Type: Solid State Device
    Drive:  Not Certified
    Drive Temperature :19C (66.20 F)
    PI Eligibility:  No
    Drive is formatted for PI information:  No
    PI: No PI
    Drive's NCQ setting : N/A
    Port-0 :
    Port status: Active
    Port's Linkspeed: 6.0Gb/s
    Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No

`Slot Number`：槽位号

`PD Type`：物理接口，SATA就是SATA控制器

`Device Speed`：设备速度规格

`Link Speed`：连接速度规格，这个应该是如果SATA3的设备接SATA2的接口它俩可能不一样。

`Media Type`：磁盘物理材质，我只见过固态和机械，其它的请查询官方文档

`Drive Temperature`：硬盘温度，摄氏度/华氏度，一般50℃算偏高了，正常40℃左右差不多，太高了就检查下机器散热。

## 四、方便的脚本 ##

这里有一个一个方便的脚本，不用每次都输入那么多指令了。使用方式也很简单，复制保存为`lsi.sh`，你输入`./lsi.sh`会给出指示。

`注意：这个脚本更适合运维场景，方便快速排查，毕竟这些命令记起来还挺头疼的，复杂用法还得参考官方文档。`

#!/bin/bash
    #
    # Calomel.org
    #     https://calomel.org/megacli_lsi_commands.html
    #     LSI MegaRaid CLI
    #     lsi.sh @ Version 0.05
    #
    # description: MegaCLI script to configure and monitor LSI raid cards.
    
    # Full path to the MegaRaid CLI binary
    #MegaCli="/usr/local/sbin/MegaCli64"
    MegaCli=`which megacli`
    
    # The identifying number of the enclosure. Default for our systems is "8". Use
    # "MegaCli64 -PDlist -a0 | grep "Enclosure Device"" to see what your number
    # is and set this variable.
    ENCLOSURE="8"
    
    if [ $# -eq 0 ]
       then
        echo ""
        echo "            OBPG  .:.  lsi.sh $arg1 $arg2"
        echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
        echo "status        = Status of Virtual drives (volumes)"
        echo "drives        = Status of hard drives"
        echo "ident \$slot   = Blink light on drive (need slot number)"
        echo "good \$slot    = Simply makes the slot \"Unconfigured(good)\" (need slot number)"
        echo "replace \$slot = Replace \"Unconfigured(bad)\" drive (need slot number)"
        echo "progress      = Status of drive rebuild"
        echo "errors        = Show drive errors which are non-zero"
        echo "bat           = Battery health and capacity"
        echo "batrelearn    = Force BBU re-learn cycle"
        echo "logs          = Print card logs"
        echo "checkNemail   = Check volume(s) and send email on raid errors"
        echo "allinfo       = Print out all settings and information about the card"
        echo "settime       = Set the raid card's time to the current system time"
        echo "setdefaults   = Set preferred default settings for new raid setup"
        echo ""
       exit
     fi
    
    # General status of all RAID virtual disks or volumes and if PATROL disk check
    # is running.
    if [ $1 = "status" ]
       then
          $MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL -NoLog
          echo "###############################################"
          $MegaCli -AdpPR -Info -aALL -NoLog
          echo "###############################################"
          $MegaCli -LDCC -ShowProg -LALL -aALL -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Shows the state of all drives and if they are online, unconfigured or missing.
    if [ $1 = "drives" ]
       then
          $MegaCli -PDlist -aALL -NoLog | egrep 'Slot|state' | awk '/Slot/{if (x)print x;x="";}{x=(!x)?$0:x" -"$0;}END{print x;}' | sed 's/Firmware state://g'
       exit
    fi
    
    # Use to blink the light on the slot in question. Hit enter again to turn the blinking light off.
    if [ $1 = "ident" ]
       then
          $MegaCli  -PdLocate -start -physdrv[$ENCLOSURE:$2] -a0 -NoLog
          logger "`hostname` - identifying enclosure $ENCLOSURE, drive $2 "
          read -p "Press [Enter] key to turn off light..."
          $MegaCli  -PdLocate -stop -physdrv[$ENCLOSURE:$2] -a0 -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # When a new drive is inserted it might have old RAID headers on it. This
    # method simply removes old RAID configs from the drive in the slot and make
    # the drive "good." Basically, Unconfigured(bad) to Unconfigured(good). We use
    # this method on our FreeBSD ZFS machines before the drive is added back into
    # the zfs pool.
    if [ $1 = "good" ]
       then
          # set Unconfigured(bad) to Unconfigured(good)
          $MegaCli -PDMakeGood -PhysDrv[$ENCLOSURE:$2] -a0 -NoLog
          # clear 'Foreign' flag or invalid raid header on replacement drive
          $MegaCli -CfgForeign -Clear -aALL -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Use to diagnose bad drives. When no errors are shown only the slot numbers
    # will print out. If a drive(s) has an error you will see the number of errors
    # under the slot number. At this point you can decided to replace the flaky
    # drive. Bad drives might not fail right away and will slow down your raid with
    # read/write retries or corrupt data.
    if [ $1 = "errors" ]
       then
          echo "Slot Number: 0"; $MegaCli -PDlist -aALL -NoLog | egrep -i 'error|fail|slot' | egrep -v ' 0'
       exit
    fi
    
    # status of the battery and the amount of charge. Without a working Battery
    # Backup Unit (BBU) most of the LSI read/write caching will be disabled
    # automatically. You want caching for speed so make sure the battery is ok.
    if [ $1 = "bat" ]
       then
          $MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -aAll -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Force a Battery Backup Unit (BBU) re-learn cycle. This will discharge the
    # lithium BBU unit and recharge it. This check might take a few hours and you
    # will want to always run this in off hours. LSI suggests a battery relearn
    # monthly or so. We actually run it every three(3) months by way of a cron job.
    # Understand if your "Current Cache Policy" is set to "No Write Cache if Bad
    # BBU" then write-cache will be disabled during this check. This means writes
    # to the raid will be VERY slow at about 1/10th normal speed. NOTE: if the
    # battery is new (new bats should charge for a few hours before they register)
    # or if the BBU comes up and says it has no charge try powering off the machine
    # and restart it. This will force the LSI card to re-evaluate the BBU. Silly
    # but it works.
    if [ $1 = "batrelearn" ]
       then
          $MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -BbuLearn -aALL -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Use to replace a drive. You need the slot number and may want to use the
    # "drives" method to show which drive in a slot is "Unconfigured(bad)". Once
    # the new drive is in the slot and spun up this method will bring the drive
    # online, clear any foreign raid headers from the replacement drive and set the
    # drive as a hot spare. We will also tell the card to start rebuilding if it
    # does not start automatically. The raid should start rebuilding right away
    # either way. NOTE: if you pass a slot number which is already part of the raid
    # by mistake the LSI raid card is smart enough to just error out and _NOT_
    # destroy the raid drive, thankfully.
    if [ $1 = "replace" ]
       then
          logger "`hostname` - REPLACE enclosure $ENCLOSURE, drive $2 "
          # set Unconfigured(bad) to Unconfigured(good)
          $MegaCli -PDMakeGood -PhysDrv[$ENCLOSURE:$2] -a0 -NoLog
          # clear 'Foreign' flag or invalid raid header on replacement drive
          $MegaCli -CfgForeign -Clear -aALL -NoLog
          # set drive as hot spare
          $MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -PhysDrv [$ENCLOSURE:$2] -a0 -NoLog
          # show rebuild progress on replacement drive just to make sure it starts
          $MegaCli -PDRbld -ShowProg -PhysDrv [$ENCLOSURE:$2] -a0 -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Print all the logs from the LSI raid card. You can grep on the output.
    if [ $1 = "logs" ]
       then
          $MegaCli -FwTermLog -Dsply -aALL -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Use to query the RAID card and find the drive which is rebuilding. The script
    # will then query the rebuilding drive to see what percentage it is rebuilt and
    # how much time it has taken so far. You can then guess-ti-mate the
    # completion time.
    if [ $1 = "progress" ]
       then
          DRIVE=`$MegaCli -PDlist -aALL -NoLog | egrep 'Slot|state' | awk '/Slot/{if (x)print x;x="";}{x=(!x)?$0:x" -"$0;}END{print x;}' | sed 's/Firmware state://g' | egrep build | awk '{print $3}'`
          $MegaCli -PDRbld -ShowProg -PhysDrv [$ENCLOSURE:$DRIVE] -a0 -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Use to check the status of the raid. If the raid is degraded or faulty the
    # script will send email to the address in the $EMAIL variable. We normally add
    # this method to a cron job to be run every few hours so we are notified of any
    # issues.
    if [ $1 = "checkNemail" ]
       then
          EMAIL="raidadmin@localhost"
    
          # Check if raid is in good condition
          STATUS=`$MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL -NoLog | egrep -i 'fail|degrad|error'`
    
          # On bad raid status send email with basic drive information
          if [ "$STATUS" ]; then
             $MegaCli -PDlist -aALL -NoLog | egrep 'Slot|state' | awk '/Slot/{if (x)print x;x="";}{x=(!x)?$0:x" -"$0;}END{print x;}' | sed 's/Firmware state://g' | mail -s `hostname`' - RAID Notification' $EMAIL
          fi
    fi
    
    # Use to print all information about the LSI raid card. Check default options,
    # firmware version (FW Package Build), battery back-up unit presence, installed
    # cache memory and the capabilities of the adapter. Pipe to grep to find the
    # term you need.
    if [ $1 = "allinfo" ]
       then
          $MegaCli -AdpAllInfo -aAll -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # Update the LSI card's time with the current operating system time. You may
    # want to setup a cron job to call this method once a day or whenever you
    # think the raid card's time might drift too much.
    if [ $1 = "settime" ]
       then
          $MegaCli -AdpGetTime -aALL -NoLog
          $MegaCli -AdpSetTime `date +%Y%m%d` `date +%H:%M:%S` -aALL -NoLog
          $MegaCli -AdpGetTime -aALL -NoLog
       exit
    fi
    
    # These are the defaults we like to use on the hundreds of raids we manage. You
    # will want to go through each option here and make sure you want to use them
    # too. These options are for speed optimization, build rate tweaks and PATROL
    # options. When setting up a new machine we simply execute the "setdefaults"
    # method and the raid is configured. You can use this on live raids too.
    if [ $1 = "setdefaults" ]
       then
          # Read Cache enabled specifies that all reads are buffered in cache memory.
           $MegaCli -LDSetProp -Cached -LAll -aAll -NoLog
          # Adaptive Read-Ahead if the controller receives several requests to sequential sectors
           $MegaCli -LDSetProp ADRA -LALL -aALL -NoLog
          # Hard Disk cache policy enabled allowing the drive to use internal caching too
           $MegaCli -LDSetProp EnDskCache -LAll -aAll -NoLog
          # Write-Back cache enabled
           $MegaCli -LDSetProp WB -LALL -aALL -NoLog
          # Continue booting with data stuck in cache. Set Boot with Pinned Cache Enabled.
           $MegaCli -AdpSetProp -BootWithPinnedCache -1 -aALL -NoLog
          # PATROL run every 672 hours or monthly (RAID6 77TB @60% rebuild takes 21 hours)
           $MegaCli -AdpPR -SetDelay 672 -aALL -NoLog
          # Check Consistency every 672 hours or monthly
           $MegaCli -AdpCcSched -SetDelay 672 -aALL -NoLog
          # Enable autobuild when a new Unconfigured(good) drive is inserted or set to hot spare
           $MegaCli -AdpAutoRbld -Enbl -a0 -NoLog
          # RAID rebuild rate to 60% (build quick before another failure)
           $MegaCli -AdpSetProp \{
        RebuildRate -60\} -aALL -NoLog
          # RAID check consistency rate to 60% (fast parity checks)
           $MegaCli -AdpSetProp \{
        CCRate -60\} -aALL -NoLog
          # Enable Native Command Queue (NCQ) on all drives
           $MegaCli -AdpSetProp NCQEnbl -aAll -NoLog
          # Sound alarm disabled (server room is too loud anyways)
           $MegaCli -AdpSetProp AlarmDsbl -aALL -NoLog
          # Use write-back cache mode even if BBU is bad. Make sure your machine is on UPS too.
           $MegaCli -LDSetProp CachedBadBBU -LAll -aAll -NoLog
          # Disable auto learn BBU check which can severely affect raid speeds
           OUTBBU=$(mktemp /tmp/output.XXXXXXXXXX)
           echo "autoLearnMode=1" > $OUTBBU
           $MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -SetBbuProperties -f $OUTBBU -a0 -NoLog
           rm -rf $OUTBBU
       exit
    fi
    
    ### EOF ###

## 五、配置方法 ##

最近容量不够了，插了一个新硬盘，接下来就按照我的思路教大家将新插入的硬盘添加进RAID。我知道的方法有两种，一是在`BIOS中`进入`MegaRAID的配置页面`，二是在操作系统里通过`MegaCLI配置`，原理就是和`底层RAID控制器通信`。那天我没带电脑，硬盘插上去就离开机房了，RAID是后续通过MegaCLI配置的，BIOS方式先空着，有机会再说。

`注意：操作有风险，注意备份重要数据！`

### 1.BIOS方式 ###

需要重启电脑再BIOS，而且必须插RAID控制器管控的槽位才行。顾名思义，如果你插上硬盘RAID控制器没有检测到硬盘，那你就需要好好排查下了，排除硬盘问题的前提下，可能是槽位或走线的问题。这个配置方式后面再说。

### 2.MegaCLI方式 ###

这个方式依然要满足RAID控制器检测到硬盘的前提，只有命令可以`查询到你插的物理磁盘`，才能对磁盘进行操作。

#### 1.查看RAID控制器管控的所有硬盘 ####

sudo megacli -PDList -aALL
    Enclosure Device ID: 252
    Slot Number: 6
    Drive's position: DiskGroup: 3, Span: 0, Arm: 0
    Enclosure position: N/A
    Device Id: 13
    WWN: **********
    Sequence Number: 2
    Media Error Count: 0
    Other Error Count: 0
    Predictive Failure Count: 0
    Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
    PD Type: SAS
    
    Raw Size: 1.636 TB [0xd196e9b0 Sectors]
    Non Coerced Size: 1.636 TB [0xd186e9b0 Sectors]
    Coerced Size: 1.636 TB [0xd1860000 Sectors]
    Sector Size:  512
    Logical Sector Size:  512
    Physical Sector Size:  4096
    Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
    Commissioned Spare : No
    Emergency Spare : No
    Device Firmware Level: C003
    Shield Counter: 0
    Successful diagnostics completion on :  N/A
    SAS Address(0): 0x5000c500b7218ac1
    SAS Address(1): 0x0
    Connected Port Number: 4(path0)
    Inquiry Data: SEAGATE **********    **********
    FDE Capable: Not Capable
    FDE Enable: Disable
    Secured: Unsecured
    Locked: Unlocked
    Needs EKM Attention: No
    Foreign State: None
    Device Speed: 12.0Gb/s
    Link Speed: 12.0Gb/s
    Media Type: Hard Disk Device
    Drive:  Not Certified
    Drive Temperature :25C (77.00 F)
    PI Eligibility:  No
    Drive is formatted for PI information:  No
    PI: No PI
    Port-0 :
    Port status: Active
    Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
    Port-1 :
    Port status: Active
    Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
    Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No

记住你插入的硬盘型号，我插入的是希捷银河系列服务器硬盘，容量是1.8TB，硬盘上也有序列号。因为我只插了一块，所以就是这块没有疑问，如果你插入多块，就比对下硬盘序列号，不要搞错了。

#### 2.为新硬盘创建RAID ####

我用的控制器对硬盘数是有限制的：

`RAID 0`的硬盘数量`>=1`，任何一块硬盘坏了数据就没了，注意是任何!  
`RAID 1`的硬盘数量`>=2`，只要不是所有硬盘同时坏就能保持数据完整性。  
`RAID 5`的硬盘数量`>=3`，同时只允许坏一块磁盘才能保持数据完整性。

因为我只有一块硬盘，短期内不考虑扩容，也不放特别重要的数据，就做RAID 0。

在此之前还需要直到几个重要信息：VD加入哪个适配器，Enclosure Device ID是多少，Slot Number是多少？刚才我们查硬盘信息的时候已经获取到后面两个信息了：Enclosure Device ID: 252，Slot Number: 6，还差一个适配器ID。用下面的命令看即可：

查看所有适配器信息
    
    sudo megacli -AdpAllInfo –aAll
    
    Adapter #0
    
    ==============================================================================
                        Versions
                    ================
    Product Name    : AVAGO MegaRAID SAS 9364-8i

我接触的服务器都`只有一个适配器`，我这台机器就是这样。我们要把新插入的硬盘做成RAID 0并加入到`Adapter 0`中可以使用下面的命令：

`单块硬盘`组RAID 0

sudo megacli CfgLDAdd -r0 [252:6] -A0

`-r0`：RAID级别是0  
`-A0`：VD加入到适配器1（ID 0就是第一个适配器）  
`[252:6]`：\[Enclosure Device ID:Slot Number\]的组合，根据查出来的实际值，是多少就填多少。

`多块硬盘`组RAID 0

sudo megacli CfgLDAdd -r0 [E0:S0,E1:S1......] -A<Adapter ID>

综合考虑数据安全性和速度因素。举个例子：一般操作系统选RAID 1就已经很安全了，兼顾了安全和速度与成本的平衡。很少有服务器直接上RAID 0的，一块硬盘损坏数据全毁。多数可能还是选择RAID 5或RAID 10一类的。

--------------------

## 总结 ##

1、不是所有的MegaRAID硬件都支持，具体可以安装试试,或者查询官方文档  
2、配置RAID方法有`风险`，数据无价，操作需谨慎！

[LSI]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/LSI/41029?fr=ge_ala
[Link 1]: https://download.csdn.net/download/jiexijihe945/88892038
[MegaCLI]: https://download.csdn.net/download/jiexijihe945/88892240