第1章 Hello MFC

╰半夏微凉° 2024-04-19 14:27 50阅读 0赞

微软 MFC 官方文档：[https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/mfc/mfc-desktop-applications?view=vs-2019][https_docs.microsoft.com_zh-cn_cpp_mfc_mfc-desktop-applications_view_vs-2019]

MFC 层次结构图以及下载地址：[https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/mfc/hierarchy-chart?view=vs-2019][https_docs.microsoft.com_zh-cn_cpp_mfc_hierarchy-chart_view_vs-2019]  
VC6.0/VS2005/VS2010/VS2012/VS2013/VS2015的MFC类库继承图：  
[https://download.csdn.net/download/freeking101/11803983][https_download.csdn.net_download_freeking101_11803983]

微软 MSDN 帮助文档 ：[https://msdn.microsoft.com/library][https_msdn.microsoft.com_library]

MFC Widnows程序设计 第二版(带源码)：[https://pan.baidu.com/s/1SL6KEL0rv0KxktYEZnDATw][https_pan.baidu.com_s_1SL6KEL0rv0KxktYEZnDATw]    提取码：2c43

# MFC 层次结构图 #

*  1. 下图表示 **派生自 MFC 类 CObject ** ：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

*  2. 下图表示 **派生自 MFC 类 CWnd 和 CCmdTarget** :

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

*  3. 下图表示 **不是** **派生自 MFC 类CObject**:

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

# 1.1 Windows 编程模型 #

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

## **SDK应用程序 与 MFC应用程序 运行过程的 对比：** ##

**[http://www.jizhuomi.com/software/145.html][http_www.jizhuomi.com_software_145.html]**

实例代码：

#include <windows.h>
    LONG WINAPI WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
    
    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
    {
    	WNDCLASS wc;
    	HWND hwnd;
    	MSG msg;
    
    	wc.style = 0;                       //类样式
    	wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;  //window 程序地址
    	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;                  //类  额外的字节
    	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;                  //window  额外的字节
    	wc.hInstance = hInstance;           //实例句柄 
    	wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);  //图标句柄
    	wc.hCursor = LoadIcon(NULL, IDC_ARROW);  //鼠标句柄
    	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1); // 背景颜色
    	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;           //菜单名
    	wc.lpszClassName = "MyWndClass";  //WNDCLASS 名
    
    	RegisterClass(&wc);
    	hwnd = CreateWindow(
    		"MyWndClass",        //WNDCLASS 名
    		"SDK_Application",   //window title
    		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //window style
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,       //水平位置
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,       //垂直位置
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,       //初始化宽度
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,       //初始化高度
    		HWND_DESKTOP,        //父窗口句柄
    		NULL,                //菜单句柄
    		hInstance,           //应用程序的 实例 句柄
    		NULL                 //window 创建数据
    	);
    
    	ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);
    	UpdateWindow(hwnd);
    
    	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    	{
    		TranslateMessage(&msg);
    		DispatchMessage(&msg);
    	}
    	return msg.wParam;
    
    }
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
    	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    	HDC hdc;
    
    	switch (message)
    	{
    		case WM_PAINT:
    			hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    			Ellipse(hdc, 0, 0, 200, 100);
    			EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    			return 0;
    
    		case WM_DESTROY:
    			PostQuitMessage(0);
    			return 0;
    	}
    	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }

运行截图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

程序解释：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

示例代码 2：

#include <windows.h>    
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK myWndProc(HWND hWindow, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
    
    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
    {
    	const static TCHAR appName[] = TEXT("Hello world");
    	WNDCLASSEX myWin;
    	myWin.cbSize = sizeof(myWin);
    	myWin.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    	myWin.lpfnWndProc = myWndProc;
    	myWin.cbClsExtra = 0;
    	myWin.cbWndExtra = 0;
    	myWin.hInstance = hInstance;
    	myWin.hIcon = 0;
    	myWin.hIconSm = 0;
    	myWin.hCursor = 0;
    	myWin.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
    	myWin.lpszMenuName = 0;
    	myWin.lpszClassName = appName;
    	//Register      
    	if (!RegisterClassEx(&myWin)) return 0;
    	const HWND hWindow = CreateWindow(
    		appName,
    		appName,
    		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,
    		0,
    		0,
    		hInstance,
    		0);
    	ShowWindow(hWindow, iCmdShow);
    	UpdateWindow(hWindow);
    	{
    		MSG msg;
    		while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0))
    		{
    			TranslateMessage(&msg);
    			DispatchMessage(&msg);
    		}
    		return (int)msg.wParam;
    	}
    }
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK myWndProc(HWND hWindow, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
    	if (msg == WM_PAINT)
    	{
    		PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    		const HDC hDC = BeginPaint(hWindow, &ps);
    		RECT rect;
    		GetClientRect(hWindow, &rect);
    		DrawText(hDC, TEXT("HELLO WORLD"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    		EndPaint(hWindow, &ps);
    		return 0;
    	}
    	else if (msg == WM_DESTROY)
    	{
    		PostQuitMessage(0);
    		return 0;
    	}
    	return DefWindowProc(hWindow, msg, wParam, lParam);
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

# 1.3 第一个 MFC 程序 #

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

源代码：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

hello.h

class CMyApp : public CWinApp
    {
    public:
        virtual BOOL InitInstance ();
    };
    
    class CMainWindow : public CFrameWnd
    {
    public:
        CMainWindow ();
    
    protected:
        afx_msg void OnPaint ();
        DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP ()
    };

MFC 中 afx\_msg 是什么，afx\_msg void function() 是什么意思：[https://www.cnblogs.com/linkzijun/p/6196165.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_linkzijun_p_6196165.html]

hello.cpp

#include <afxwin.h>
    #include "Hello.h"
    
    CMyApp myApp;
    
    /
    // CMyApp member functions
    
    BOOL CMyApp::InitInstance ()
    {
        m_pMainWnd = new CMainWindow;
        m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow (m_nCmdShow);
        m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow ();
        return TRUE;
    }
    
    /
    // CMainWindow message map and member functions
    
    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP (CMainWindow, CFrameWnd)
        ON_WM_PAINT ()
    END_MESSAGE_MAP ()
    
    CMainWindow::CMainWindow ()
    {
        Create (NULL, _T ("The Hello Application"));
    }
    
    void CMainWindow::OnPaint ()
    {
        CPaintDC dc (this);
        
        CRect rect;
        GetClientRect (&rect);
    
        dc.DrawText (_T ("Hello, MFC"), -1, &rect,
            DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    }

运行结果截图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

## 1.3.1 应用程序对象 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

## 1.3.2 MFC 如何使用应用程序对象 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

## 1.3.3 框架窗口对象 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

## 1.3.4 绘制窗口 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

## 1.3.5 消息映射 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

## 1.3.6 消息映射的工作方式 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

## 1.3.7 Windows、字符集 和 \_T 宏 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]

[https_docs.microsoft.com_zh-cn_cpp_mfc_mfc-desktop-applications_view_vs-2019]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/mfc/mfc-desktop-applications?view=vs-2019
[https_docs.microsoft.com_zh-cn_cpp_mfc_hierarchy-chart_view_vs-2019]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/mfc/hierarchy-chart?view=vs-2019
[https_download.csdn.net_download_freeking101_11803983]: https://download.csdn.net/download/freeking101/11803983
[https_msdn.microsoft.com_library]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/library
[https_pan.baidu.com_s_1SL6KEL0rv0KxktYEZnDATw]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1SL6KEL0rv0KxktYEZnDATw
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/9a082b886c604d7694a1f99de76457a8.jpeg
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/1661b1022c974b92979c669249428742.jpeg
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/6895b4f0d1bd411fa5ebd4ff570a1d30.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/61a9e4f3bb284e8ba248c7ac242921fd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/ae7db4a3239c4319b0a03de0ca99f7ea.png
[http_www.jizhuomi.com_software_145.html]: http://www.jizhuomi.com/software/145.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/5bca1f17a4724d8f9fdbe74c0668e0b4.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/317944ca71f64c5d8c9993d457ff8773.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/c593b9985e954ca995cea28d62edf88b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/a41cd132b9cd4869bae16c18fa537b03.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/9ba169b42aa841cfaa677024049f897b.png
[https_www.cnblogs.com_linkzijun_p_6196165.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/linkzijun/p/6196165.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZyZWVraW5nMTAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/5676196bada6417bb6900f5e7f638d25.png
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