IDEA进行SpringCloud项目快速搭建及错误排除

ゝ一世哀愁。 2024-04-18 15:53 63阅读 0赞

SpringCloud项目分为三个部分

1.  服务的提供者
2.  服务的消费者
3.  服务的注册和发现中心

## 1. 服务的提供者 ##

首先新建一个工程，然后在工程里新建Moudle  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzE1NTg2Ng_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
选择SpringBoot项目  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzE1NTg2Ng_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzE1NTg2Ng_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzE1NTg2Ng_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
完成后的目录结构如下  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190909114009348.png]

其中pom.xml文件内容为

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.wf.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>01-springcloud-service-provider</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>01-springcloud-service-provider</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

新建controller类  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019090914094751.png]

package com.wf.springcloud.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /** * @author WF * @create 2019/9/9 * @since 1.0.0 */
    @RestController
    public class HelloController { 
    
        @RequestMapping("/service/hello")
        public String hello(){ 
            //进行业务处理
            return "hello spring cloud";
        }
    }

## 2. 服务的消费者 ##

同第一部分服务的提供者的建立过程相同  
完成后要导入RestTemplate  
新建类  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190909140705776.png]

/** * FileName: BeanConfig * Author: WF * Date: 2019/9/9 13:17 */
    package com.wf.springcloud.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @Configuration//等价于spring applicationContext.xml配置文件
    public class BeanConfig { 
    
        /** * @Bean等价于： * <bean id = "restTemplate" class = ""></bean> * @return */
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ 
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

在controller中注入RestTemplate  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190909140833407.png]

package com.wf.springcloud.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    /** * @author WF * @create 2019/9/9 * @since 1.0.0 */
    @RestController
    public class WebController { 
    
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @RequestMapping("/web/hello")
        public String hello(){ 
            //逻辑判断代码省略
    
            //调用SpringCloud服务提供者提供的服务
            return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8080/service/hello",String.class).getBody();
        }
    }

更改服务启动的端口，避免端口冲突

server.port=8081

## 3. Eureka服务注册中心 ##

新建springBoot项目  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190909141145886.png]  
在pom.xml文件中添加Eureka的依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>

在application.properties中配置Eureka的基本信息

#内嵌的tomcat端口
    server.port=8761
    #设置服务注册中心的hostname
    eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
    #禁止自己想自己注册服务
    eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
    #不去检索其他的服务
    eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
    #指定服务注册中心的位置
    eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://${ eureka.instance.hostnam}:${ server.port}/eureka/

在主程序上添加注解@EnableEurekaServer//开启注册中心服务端

package com.wf.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaServer//开启注册中心服务端
    public class Application { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

## **运行主程序报错** ##

java.lang.TypeNotPresentException: Type javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext not present

**原因是 java9+版本以后，JAXB默认没有加载**  
**解决方式  
手动添加模块到pom**  
spring boot 2.0.\*版本，添加如下代码：

<dependency>
       <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
        <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>

问题解决，运行成功

2019-09-09 14:24:51.458  INFO 10152 --- [           main] c.n.eureka.cluster.PeerEurekaNodes       : Replica node URL:  http://${ eureka.instance.hostnam}:8761/eureka/
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.466  INFO 10152 --- [           main] c.n.e.registry.AbstractInstanceRegistry  : Finished initializing remote region registries. All known remote regions: []
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.467  INFO 10152 --- [           main] c.n.eureka.DefaultEurekaServerContext    : Initialized
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.478  INFO 10152 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver      : Exposing 2 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator'
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.621  INFO 10152 --- [           main] o.s.c.n.e.s.EurekaServiceRegistry        : Registering application UNKNOWN with eureka with status UP
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.625  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] o.s.c.n.e.server.EurekaServerBootstrap   : Setting the eureka configuration..
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.626  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] o.s.c.n.e.server.EurekaServerBootstrap   : Eureka data center value eureka.datacenter is not set, defaulting to default
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.627  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] o.s.c.n.e.server.EurekaServerBootstrap   : Eureka environment value eureka.environment is not set, defaulting to test
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.649  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] o.s.c.n.e.server.EurekaServerBootstrap   : isAws returned false
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.650  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] o.s.c.n.e.server.EurekaServerBootstrap   : Initialized server context
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.650  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] c.n.e.r.PeerAwareInstanceRegistryImpl    : Got 1 instances from neighboring DS node
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.650  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] c.n.e.r.PeerAwareInstanceRegistryImpl    : Renew threshold is: 1
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.650  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] c.n.e.r.PeerAwareInstanceRegistryImpl    : Changing status to UP
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.662  INFO 10152 --- [      Thread-10] e.s.EurekaServerInitializerConfiguration : Started Eureka Server
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.694  INFO 10152 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8761 (http) with context path ''
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.695  INFO 10152 --- [           main] .s.c.n.e.s.EurekaAutoServiceRegistration : Updating port to 8761
    2019-09-09 14:24:51.697  INFO 10152 --- [           main] com.wf.springcloud.Application           : Started Application in 14.006 seconds (JVM running for 17.184)
    2019-09-09 14:25:51.652  INFO 10152 --- [a-EvictionTimer] c.n.e.registry.AbstractInstanceRegistry  : Running the evict task with compensationTime 0ms

在浏览器地址栏访问http://localhost:端口号/  
进入到Eureka的管理页面  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzE1NTg2Ng_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

## 5. 将服务提供者添加到服务注册中心 ##

在01-springcloud-service-provider提供者的pom.xml文件中添加依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>

在主程序上添加注解@EnableEurekaClient//开启eureka客户端功能

package com.wf.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient//开启eureka客户端功能
    public class Application { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

在application.properties中添加配置

#修改端口
    server.port=9100
    #配置服务的名称
    spring.application.name=01-springcloud-service-provider
    #eureka的连接地址
    eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka

之后先启动服务注册中心，在浏览器访问http://localhost:8761/，再启动服务提供者，服务提供者启动后刷新服务注册中心页面会发现服务提供者已经注册进去了  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzE1NTg2Ng_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

## 6. 将服务消费者添加到服务注册中心 ##

在消费者项目02-springcloud-service-consummer中的pom.xml文件中添加eureka依赖

在主程序上添加注解@EnableEurekaClient，表明自己是eureka客户端

package com.wf.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    public class Application { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

在application.properties中进行eureka配置

server.port=8081
    
    spring.application.name=02-springcloud-service-consummer
    eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka

服务的真正调用时由ribbon调用的,在\\config\\BeanConfig.java中添加ribbon负载均衡控制注解@LoadBalanced

package com.wf.springcloud.config;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    /** * @author WF * @create 2019/9/11 * @since 1.0.0 */
    @Configuration
    public class BeanConfig { 
    
        @LoadBalanced
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ 
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }

在服务的消费者的controller中改为通过服务注册中心中服务的名称进行调用  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190911222136513.png]将此服务名称复制到controller中

package com.wf.springcloud.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @RestController
    public class Webcontroller { 
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @RequestMapping("/web/hello")
        public String hello(){ 
            return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://01-SPRINGCLOUD-SERVICE-PROVIDER/service/hello",String.class).getBody();
        }
    }

完成后所有项目按顺序启动，注册中心->服务提供者->服务消费者  
在浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8081/web/hello可以访问到服务提供者提供的服务

![在这里插入图片描述][20190912212138900.png]

**至此，一个SpringCloud项目成功完成。**

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[20190909114009348.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/3dfd51ffef0243299a84adfe8a7f5669.png
[2019090914094751.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/ed6112c298754442b62e0861f8b529d9.png
[20190909140705776.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/6c6c30bceaae4bcdbe4e92a652aff788.png
[20190909140833407.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/2dc52c80cd9d4615b72965d577a27d08.png
[20190909141145886.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/74c9a643a54046a4984d41ee5794a9b9.png
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[20190911222136513.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/1473538e6a8e42bcb60eb446cda68414.png
[20190912212138900.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/30312353a62040f886fb60371c1ba972.png