Ubuntu安装pip及其各种bug解决方案

向右看齐 2024-04-18 11:42 92阅读 0赞

原文地址为：https://blog.csdn.net/humanking7/article/details/84392790

## 环境 ##

*  配置环境： `ubuntu 16.04`
 *  针对环境：`python2.7.12`\*\*

## 1、安装pip ##

apt-get install python-pip
    
    # 当然可以把其他东西也一起安装上
    apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential

## 2. 查看pip版本 ##

#大写的V，或者--version
         pip -V 
    
    # 输出：
    # pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)

## 3. 更新pip ##

## 3.1. 正常更新 ##

pip install --upgrade pip
    #或者
    pip install -U pip

但是有可能升级不了，显示：

root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~# pip install -U pip
    Collecting pip
      Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    Installing collected packages: pip
      Found existing installation: pip 8.1.1
        Not uninstalling pip at /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, outside environment /usr
    Successfully installed pip-8.1.1
    You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 18.1 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

## 3.2. 更新不了，通过源码安装更新 ##

各种方法都试过，比如使用命令：`python -m pip install --upgrade pip`进行安装，但是还是会出现上面的提示，所以就用源码进行升级。

## 3.2.1 下载源码 ##

下载源码，也可以去pip官网下载 https://pypi.org/project/pip/#files
    
    wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/45/ae/8a0ad77defb7cc903f09e551d88b443304a9bd6e6f124e75c0fbbf6de8f7/pip-18.1.tar.gz
    # ==========
    # 详细安装信息
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~# mkdir pipDir
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~# cd pipDir/
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/45/ae/8a0ad77defb7cc903f09e551d88b443304a9bd6e6f124e75c0fbbf6de8f7/pip-18.1.tar.gz
    --2018-11-23 13:56:53--  https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/45/ae/8a0ad77defb7cc903f09e551d88b443304a9bd6e6f124e75c0fbbf6de8f7/pip-18.1.tar.gz
    正在解析主机 files.pythonhosted.org (files.pythonhosted.org)... 2a04:4e42:1a::319, 151.101.109.63
    正在连接 files.pythonhosted.org (files.pythonhosted.org)|2a04:4e42:1a::319|:443... 已连接。
    已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
    长度： 1259370 (1.2M) [binary/octet-stream]
    正在保存至: “pip-18.1.tar.gz”
    
    pip-18.1.tar.gz           100%[====================================>]   1.20M  9.92KB/s    in 2m 35s  
    
    2018-11-23 13:59:31 (7.94 KB/s) - 已保存 “pip-18.1.tar.gz” [1259370/1259370])
    
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir# ls
    pip-18.1.tar.gz

## 3.2.2 解压安装 ##

解压安装

# 解压
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir# tar xzvf pip-18.1.tar.gz 
    # 查看解压后的目录
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir# ls
    pip-18.1  pip-18.1.tar.gz
    # 进入目录 查看里面的文件
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir# cd pip-18.1/
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir/pip-18.1# ls -1
    AUTHORS.txt
    docs
    LICENSE.txt
    MANIFEST.in
    NEWS.rst
    PKG-INFO
    pyproject.toml
    README.rst
    setup.cfg
    setup.py
    src
    # 安装pip
    root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir/pip-18.1# python setup.py install
    ...
    ...
    
    Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-18.1-py2.7.egg
    Processing dependencies for pip==18.1
    Finished processing dependencies for pip==18.1
    # 这表示安装成功

## 3.2.3 更新到了最新版本，却出现错误ImportError: cannot import name main ##

使用pip -V检测一下版本，发现出现错误：

root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir/pip-18.1# pip -V
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
        from pip import main
    ImportError: cannot import name main

出现问题的原因：  
说是一个bug，导致只要用pip，就会抛出一个异常，但是要解决起来也比较容易。

首先定位问题：  
问题出现在了/usr/bin/中的pip文件，用vim打开，进行编辑：

**原来的代码：**

#!/usr/bin/python
    # GENERATED BY DEBIAN
    
    import sys 
    
    # Run the main entry point, similarly to how setuptools does it, but because
    # we didn't install the actual entry point from setup.py, don't use the
    # pkg_resources API.
    from pip import main
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sys.exit(main())

**修改后的代码：**

#!/usr/bin/python
    # GENERATED BY DEBIAN
    
    import sys 
    
    # Run the main entry point, similarly to how setuptools does it, but because
    # we didn't install the actual entry point from setup.py, don't use the
    # pkg_resources API.
    from pip import __main__
    #from pip import main
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sys.exit(__main__._main())
        #sys.exit(main())

保存后，去检测一下现在pip的版本：

root@qfx-HP-xw4600-Workstation:~/pipDir/pip-18.1# pip -V
    pip 18.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-18.1-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)

ok，已经成功更新到 pip 18.1 了。

## 4. 卸载pip ##

apt-get remove python-pip

## 5. pip常用命令 ##

查看pip帮助：pip -help
    安装新的python包：pip install packageName
    卸载python包：pip uninstall packageName
    寻找python包：pip search packageName
    查看python2的pip安装包：pip list
    查看python3的pip安装包：pip3 list