django学习笔记01-进行前后端分离

曾经终败给现在 2024-04-18 03:17 75阅读 0赞

一、创建项目

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

二、设置setting.py

1.配置数据库

1.1找到DATABASES配置数据库

DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  # 数据库引擎
            'NAME': '',  # 数据库名
            'USER': '',  # 账户名
            'PASSWORD': '',  # 密码
            'HOST': '',  # 主机
            'PORT': '',  # 端口
        }
    }

1.2安装mysql包

pip install pymysql

1.3在setting.py所在目录的init.py添加如下代码

import pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

1.4执行数据库迁移命令

python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py migrate

2.找到TIME\_ZONE设置时区

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

3.找到STATIC\_URL配置jQuery加载路径

3.1在项目根目录下创建static目录，将jQuery包放在该目录下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

3.2在setting.py中配置静态文件目录

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', 'static').replace('\\', '/'),
        os.path.join('../static'),
    ]

三、创建应用

1.执行命令，创建应用

python manage.py startapp register

创建后的目录

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

四、实现post接口的前后端分离-注册功能

1.定义模型

1.1在models.py文件中编写如下代码，

from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    #应用名_类名为数据库中表名
    class UserInfo(models.Model):
        #变量名为数据库中字段名
        username = models.CharField(max_length=16)
        password = models.CharField(max_length=20)
        def __str__(self):
            return self.username

2.激活模型

2.1 在setting.py的INSTALLED\_APPS添加设置

INSTALLED_APPS = [
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
        #register为创建的应用名称，RegisterConfig为app.py中的类名
        'register.apps.RegisterConfig',#这里
    ]

2.2 迁移数据，分别执行如下三行命令

注意：执行第二条命令时，可能会报错，具体解决办法参考：[https://blog.csdn.net/lijing742180/article/details/91966031][https_blog.csdn.net_lijing742180_article_details_91966031]

#检测模型文件的修改，并把修改的部分存储为一次迁移。register为应用名称
    python manage.py makemigrations register
    
    #查看迁移命令执行哪些SQL
    python manage.py sqlmigrate register 0001
    
    #执行迁移
    python manage.py migrate

2.3 迁移数据后，数据库中生成模型中定义的表，register\_userinfo1为定义的模型创建的表

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

3.实现post请求

3.1编写view视图，在views.py中编写如下代码

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    
    from django.http import JsonResponse
    
    
    def registerPage(request):
    
        return render_to_response("register.html")
    
    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
    import json
    from .models import UserInfo
    
    @csrf_exempt #屏蔽装饰器器
    def registerApi(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            print(request.body)
            req = json.loads(request.body) #取得数据
            userID = req['userID']
            pwd = req['pwd']
            searchArray = UserInfo.objects.get_or_create(username=userID) #尝试创建用户
            print(searchArray)
            if searchArray[1] == True:
                return JsonResponse({'result': 200, 'msg':'注册成功'})
            else:
                return JsonResponse({'result': 200, 'msg':'已有重复用户名'})

3.2 在register目录下新建urls.py，编写如下代码

from django.urls import path
    from . import views
    urlpatterns = [
        path("helloApi", views.hello, name='hello'),
        path("registerPage", views.registerPage, name='registerPage'),
        path("registerApi", views.registerApi, name='registerApi')
    ]

3.3 在项目路径下urls.py新增如下代码

from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path, include
    urlpatterns = [
        path("register/", include("register.urls")),#新增
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    ]

3.4在templates目录下新增register.html文件，编写如下代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>POST-test</title>
        <script type='text/javascript' src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
        <script>
            $(function () {
                var subBt = document.getElementsByTagName("button")[0];
                subBt.onclick = function () {
                var userID = document.getElementsByTagName('input')[0].value;
                var pwd = document.getElementsByTagName('input')[1].value;
                console.log(pwd);
                console.log(userID);
                var xhrRegister = new XMLHttpRequest();
                ajaxResponse(xhrRegister,
                    function () {
                    var respones = JSON.parse(xhrRegister.responseText);
                    alert(respones.msg);
                    },
                    function () {
    
                    });
                var user = {
                userID:userID,
                pwd:pwd
            };
            xhrRegister.open('post', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/register/registerApi');
            xhrRegister.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8');
            xhrRegister.send(JSON.stringify(user));
            };
            });
            function ajaxResponse(xhr,successFunction,falseFunction) {
                xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
                    if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
                        console.log(xhr.status);
                    if ((xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) || xhr.status === 304) {
                        alert("成功");
                        successFunction();
                    } else {
                        alert("失败" + xhr.status);
                        falseFunction();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        </script>
    
    </head>
    <body>
    <p>账号：</p><input type="text" id="userID">
    <p>密码：</p><input type="password" id="pwd">
    <button id="submit">注册</button>
    </body>
    </html>

五、运行服务，实现前后端分离

1.运行命令，启动django服务

python manage.py runserver

2.在浏览器输入[http://127.0.0.1:8000/register/registerPage][http_127.0.0.1_8000_register_registerPage]，注册账号

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/7945fdcbe41b4caaa1167f3b3751ca93.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/e7d112771c494743866605a4bc98b278.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/7be3a17bfbef417c96f2a784dbe1547d.png
[https_blog.csdn.net_lijing742180_article_details_91966031]: https://blog.csdn.net/lijing742180/article/details/91966031
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/fcb2f721cfc74f1192a136645623e535.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8000_register_registerPage]: http://127.0.0.1:8000/register/registerPage
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2RvdWxpaGFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/adc70468273d48dea9731229a1e83dd8.png