Oracle 11g RAC 配置单实例 DataGuard（通过 DUPLICATE 方式）

小灰灰 2024-04-17 23:58 65阅读 0赞

1 安装备库的数据库软件  
  
 1.1 安装时使用的字符集  
 NLS\_CHARACTERSET                    ZHS16GBK  
 NLS\_NCHAR\_CHARACTERSET              AL16UTF16  
  
 1.2 检查备库的系统参数是否满足安装要求  
 \#查看主机内存  
 grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo  
  
 \#交换空间，如果物理内存在16G以上，推荐交换空间至少为16G  
 grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo  
 free  
    
 \#检查机器的硬件名称  
 uname -m  
    
 \#检查临时表空间，至少1G  
 df -h /tmp  
 df -h  
    
 \#检查 linux 版本  
 cat /proc/version  
 lsb\_release -id  
    
 \#检查内核  
 uname - r  
  
 1.3 禁用防火墙和SELINUX  
  
 \#使用root用户登录  
 service iptables status  
 service iptables stop  
 chkconfig iptables off  
  
 \#然后输入以下命令，禁用SELinux：  
 vi /etc/selinux/config  
 SELINUX=disabled  
  
 1.4 检查软件包  
 rpm -q --queryformat "%\{NAME\}-%\{VERSION\}-%\{RELEASE\} (%\{ARCH\})\\n" binutils compat-libstdc elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel  
  
 1.5 创建组和用户  
  
 /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall  
 /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba  
 /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper  
 id oracle  
 /usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle  
 passwd oracle  
  
 1.6 设置环境变量，从rac的其中一个节点拷贝环境变量文件到备库上面  
  
 \#登录主库的节点1  
 cd $ORACLE\_HOME/dbs  
 scp bash\_profile oracle@beiku\_ip:/home/oracle/.bash\_profile  
  
 1.7 设置内核参数  
  
 vi /etc/sysctl.conf  
 \#增加或者修改以下内容：  
 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576  
 fs.file-max = 6815744  
 kernel.shmmni = 4096  
 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  
 net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range = 9000 65500  
 net.core.rmem\_default = 4194304  
 net.core.rmem\_max = 4194304  
 net.core.wmem\_default = 262144  
 net.core.wmem\_max = 1048576  
    
 \#使用以下命令验证配置：  
 sysctl -p  
    
 \#修改用户oracle的shell限制：  
 vi /etc/security/limits.conf  
 \#增加以下内容：  
 grid soft nproc 2047  
 grid hard nproc 16384  
 grid soft nofile 1024  
 grid hard nofile 65536  
 oracle soft nproc 2047  
 oracle hard nproc 16384  
 oracle soft nofile 1024  
 oracle hard nofile 65536  
    
 \#修改登录参数，执行以下操作：  
 vi /etc/pam.d/login  
 \#增加以下内容：  
 session required /lib64/security/pam\_limits.so  
 session required pam\_limits.so  
  
 \#同样执行以下操作：  
 vi /etc/profile  
 \#增加以下内容：  
 if \[ $USER = "oracle" \] ; then  
   if \[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" \]; then  
     ulimit -p 16384  
     ulimit -n 65536  
   else  
     ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536  
   fi  
   umask 022  
 fi  
  
 1.8 创建文件目录  
  
 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1  
  
 \#创建快速恢复区目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/fast\_recovery  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/fast\_recovery  
  
 \#创建数据库文件目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/data  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/data  
  
 \#创建数据库日志目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/redolog  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/redolog  
  
 \#创建归档日志目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/arc  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/arc  
  
 \#创建audit目录  
 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/gtfdb/adump  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/admin/gtfdb/adump  
  
 1.9 安装Oracle软件，此步骤不建库  
  
 \#使用oracle用户登录  
 \#首先解压安装文件：  
 unzip p10404530\_112030\_Linux-x86-64\_1of7.zip  
 unzip p10404530\_112030\_Linux-x86-64\_2of7.zip  
 \#打开图形设置，打开Xmanager4 的 Passive模式。  
 export DISPLAY=10.230.1.215:0.0  
 \#此ip不是服务器的ip，为自己的笔记本ip  
 \#然后进入解压后的database目录，执行以下命令：  
 ./runInstaller  
  
 2. DataGuard 主库的相关配置  
  
 2.1 主库打开FORCE LOGGING模式  
 ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;  
 作用：不管什么操作都会生成redo日志  
 特点：1.在数据库mount状态和open状态都可以启动force logging模式  
          2.临时表空间和临时回滚段动作不会生成redo日志  
  
 创建文件目录  
 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1  
 \#创建快速恢复区目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/fast\_recovery  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/fast\_recovery  
  
 \#创建数据库文件目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/data  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/data  
  
 \#创建数据库日志目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/redolog  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/redolog  
  
 \#创建归档日志目录  
 mkdir -p /ORADATA/arc  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA/arc  
  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /ORADATA  
  
 \#创建audit目录  
 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/gtfdb/adump  
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/admin/gtfdb/adump  
  
 2.2 配置主库的参数文件  
  
 在主库节点一上执行  
 cd $ORACLE\_HOME/dbs  
 sqlplus / as sysdba  
 create pfile from spfile;  
 exit  
  
 \#备份参数文件  
  
 cp initgtfdb2.ora /home/oracle/initgtfdb2.ora\_bak  
  
 在线修改参数文件  
  
 alter system set log\_archive\_config='DG\_CONFIG=(gtfdb,gtfdbdg)' scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_1='LOCATION=+FRA VALID\_FOR=(ALL\_LOGFILES,ALL\_ROLES) DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME=gtfdb' scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_2='SERVICE=gtfdbdg ASYNC VALID\_FOR=(ONLINE\_LOGFILES,PRIMARY\_ROLE) DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME=gtfdbdg' scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_STATE\_1=enable  scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_STATE\_2=enable scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set LOG\_ARCHIVE\_FORMAT = 'log%d\_%t\_%s\_%r.arc' scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set LOG\_ARCHIVE\_MAX\_PROCESSES=30 scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set fal\_server=gtfdbdg scope=both sid='\*';  
 alter system set STANDBY\_FILE\_MANAGEMENT=AUTO scope=both sid='\*';  
  
 alter system set fal\_server=gtfdb scope=both sid='\*';  
 ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_STATE\_2=ENABLE;  
  
 alter system set log\_archive\_dest\_2='service=bhoms02 async valid\_for=(online\_logfiles,primary\_role) db\_unique\_name=bhoms02';  
  
 alter system set LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_2='SERVICE=gtfdbdg ASYNC VALID\_FOR=(ONLINE\_LOGFILES,PRIMARY\_ROLE) DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME=gtfdbdg' scope=both sid='\*';  
  
 alter system set log\_archive\_dest\_2='service=gtfdbdg async valid\_for=(online\_logfiles,primary\_role) db\_unique\_name=gtfdbdg';  
  
 2.3 创建standby logfile  
  
 在对应的ASM盘上创建日志目录  
  
 su - grid  
 asmcmd  
 cd DATA  
 cd GTFDB  
 mkdir standbylog  
  
 exit  
 sqlplus / as sysdba  
  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 1 GROUP 9 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_01.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 1 GROUP 10 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_02.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 1 GROUP 11 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_03.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 1 GROUP 12 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_04.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 1 GROUP 13 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_05.log' SIZE 512M;  
  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 2 GROUP 14 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_06.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 2 GROUP 15 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_07.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 2 GROUP 16 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_08.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 2 GROUP 17 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_09.log' SIZE 512M;  
 ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE  thread 2 GROUP 18 '+DATA/gtfdb/standbylog/standby\_group\_10.log' SIZE 512M;  
  
 作用：主库切换到备库角色时接收主库redo日志  
 检查：  
 SELECT GROUP\#,THREAD\#,SEQUENCE\#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM GV$STANDBY\_LOG;  
  
 2.4 在主库各节点分别配置TNS  
  
 在主库的/etc/hosts里面，添加备库ip的解析  
  
 cd $ORACLE\_HOME/network/admin  
 vi tnsnames.ora  
  
 \#modified by jjn for the data guard on 2015/10/28  
 GTFDBDG =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDBDG)(PORT = 1521))  
     (CONNECT\_DATA =  
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
       (SERVICE\_NAME = gtfdbdg)  
     )  
   )  
 GTFDB1 =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDB1-vip )(PORT = 1521))  
     (CONNECT\_DATA =  
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
       (SERVICE\_NAME = gtfdb)  
       (SID=gtfdb1)  
     )  
   )  
 GTFDB2 =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDB2-vip )(PORT = 1521))  
     (CONNECT\_DATA =  
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
       (SERVICE\_NAME = gtfdb)  
       (SID=gtfdb2)  
     )  
   )  
  
 2.5 拷贝主库密码文件到备库上  
 cd $ORACLE\_HOME/dbs  
 scp orapwgtfdb1 oracle@10.100.20.71:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1/dbs/  
 \#如果备库密码文件有问题，则把主库两节点的密码文件均拷贝到备库，并把其中一个密码文件复制成备库的SID格式。  
 \#在备库上更改密码文件名称  
 mv orapwgtfdb1 orapwgtfdb  
  
 2.6 拷贝主库的参数文件到备库  
 cd $ORACLE\_HOME/dbs  
 scp initgtfdb2.ora oracle@10.100.20.71:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1/dbs/  
  
 3. 配置Dataguard备库的相关配置  
  
 3.1 配置备库的参数文件  
  
 vi initgtfdb2.ora  
 gtfdb2.\_\_db\_cache\_size=10670309376  
 gtfdb1.\_\_db\_cache\_size=10670309376  
 这样的参数改为一个，如  
 \*.\_\_db\_cache\_size=10670309376  
 去掉下面参数  
 gtfdb1.instance\_number=1  
 gtfdb2.instance\_number=2  
 gtfdb2.thread=2  
 gtfdb1.thread=1  
 \*.cluster\_database=true  
 \*.remote\_listener='rac-scan:1521'  
 \# 修改.db\_recovery\_file\_dest='+FRA'为存在的文件目录  
  
 增加下面参数  
 DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME=gtfdbdg  
 \*.db\_create\_file\_dest='/ORADATA/data'  
 \*.db\_create\_online\_log\_dest\_1='/ORADATA/redolog'  
 \*.db\_create\_online\_log\_dest\_2='/ORADATA/redolog'  
 \*.control\_files='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1/dbs/controlfile01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1/dbs/controlfile02.ctl'  
 LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_1=  
  'LOCATION=/ORADATA/arc  
   VALID\_FOR=(ALL\_LOGFILES,ALL\_ROLES)  
   DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME=gtfdbdg'  
 LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_2=  
  'SERVICE=gtfdb ASYNC  
   VALID\_FOR=(ONLINE\_LOGFILES,PRIMARY\_ROLE)  
   DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME=gtfdb'  
 FAL\_SERVER=gftdb  
 LOG\_ARCHIVE\_CONFIG='DG\_CONFIG=(gftdb,gtfdbdg)'  
 \*.LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_STATE\_1=ENABLE  
 \*.LOG\_ARCHIVE\_DEST\_STATE\_2=ENABLE  
 \*.LOG\_ARCHIVE\_FORMAT = log%d\_%t\_%s\_%r.arc  
 \*.LOG\_ARCHIVE\_MAX\_PROCESSES=30  
 STANDBY\_FILE\_MANAGEMENT=AUTO  
  
 3.2 配置备库的监听  
  
 在备库的/etc/hosts里面，添加主库ip的解析  
 su - root  
 vi /etc/hosts  
 GTFDB    ip  
 GTFDB1   ip  
 GTFDB2   ip  
 GTFDBDG    ip  
  
 cd $ORACLE\_HOME/network/admin  
 vi listener.ora  
 \# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  
 SID\_LIST\_LISTENER =  
   (SID\_LIST =  
     (SID\_DESC =  
       (GLOBAL\_DBNAME = gtfdbdg)  
       (ORACLE\_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db\_1)  
       (SID\_NAME = gtfdb)  
     )  
   )  
  
 LISTENER =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDBDG)(PORT = 1521))  
   )  
 ADR\_BASE\_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle  
  
 vi tnsnames.ora  
 GTFDBDG =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDBDG)(PORT = 1521))  
     (CONNECT\_DATA =  
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
       (SERVICE\_NAME = gtfdbdg)  
     )  
   )  
 GTFDB =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDB )(PORT = 1521))  
     (CONNECT\_DATA =  
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
       (SERVICE\_NAME = gtfdb)  
     )  
   )  
 GTFDB1 =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDB1 )(PORT = 1521))  
     (CONNECT\_DATA =  
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
       (SERVICE\_NAME = gtfdb)  
       (SID=gtfdb1)  
     )  
   )  
 GTFDB2 =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GTFDB2 )(PORT = 1521))  
     (CONNECT\_DATA =  
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
       (SERVICE\_NAME = gtfdb)  
       (SID=gtfdb2)  
     )  
   )  
  
 lsnrctl stop  
 lsnrctl start  
  
 3.3 通过duplicate命令进行复制  
  
 cd /home/oracle/script  
 nohup sh dup\_db.sh &  
 cd $ORACLE\_HOME/dbs  
 sqlplus / as sysdba  
  
 create spfile from pfile='initgtfdb2.ora';  
  
 startup nomount  
  
 exit  
  
 rman target sys/Sys\#2013@gtfdb1 auxiliary sys/Sys\#2013@gtfdbdg  
 run \{   
 allocate channel ch1 type disk;  
 allocate auxiliary channel ch2 type disk;  
 duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;  
 release channel ch1;  
 release channel ch2;  
 \}  
  
 \#查收日志状态  
 select group\#,thread\#,bytes,archived,status from v$standby\_log;  
  
 3.4 备库启动日志应用  
 sqlplus / as sysdba  
 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;  
  
 \--检查归档日志的同步情况  
 SELECT SEQUENCE\#,THREAD\#,APPLIED FROM GV$ARCHIVED\_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE\#;  
  
 3.5 启动数据库日志实时应用  
  
 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;  
    
 ALTER DATABASE OPEN;  
  
 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;  
  
 3.6 检查备库数据库状态  
  
 select database\_role,switchover\_status,open\_mode from v$database;  
  
 select \* from v$dataguard\_stats;  
  
 select \* from v$managed\_standby;

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