Java 利用ZXing生成二维码与解析

缺乏、安全感 2024-04-17 22:43 74阅读 0赞

生成二维码的方式有多种，这里使用 Google的 Zxing 架包。在maven项目中添加依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
                <artifactId>core</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
                <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.3</version>
            </dependency>

### 二维码主要包括两各方面： ###

1）将信息生成二维码展示（图片，字节数组），中文信息慎用，注意乱码问题

2）解析二维码读取其字符串信息。

参数传入二维码文件或者 InputStream流都可以，将二维码加载都内存中（BufferedImage），然后根据Zing的API解析

### 1、生成简单二维码并解析 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDAyODU0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]      ![20190902152524108.png][]

### 2、生成二维码中间带logo，底部带文字说明 ###

import com.google.zxing.*;
    import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
    import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
    import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
    import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
    import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter;
    import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
    
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
    import java.nio.file.Path;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Hashtable;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * 生成二维码工具类
     */
    public class QRCodeUtil {
        private static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
        private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
    
        private QRCodeUtil(){}
    
        /**
         * 生成二维码图片，传文件流
         * @param content 内容
         * @param width 宽度
         * @param height 高度
         * @param outputStream 输出流
         * @throws IOException
         * @throws WriterException
         */
        public static void generateQRCodeImage(String content, int width, int height, OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException, WriterException {
            // 用于设置QR二维码参数
            Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
            // 设置QR二维码的纠错级别——这里选择最高H级别
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
            // 设置编码方式
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
            BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height,hints);
            MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix,FORMAT_NAME,outputStream);
        }
        /**
         * 生成二维码图片，传文件path
         * @param content 内容
         * @param width 宽度
         * @param height 高度
         * @param filePath 文件路径
         * @throws IOException
         * @throws WriterException
         */
        public static void generateQRCodeImage(String content, int width, int height, String filePath) throws IOException,
                WriterException {
            // 用于设置QR二维码参数
            Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
            // 设置QR二维码的纠错级别——这里选择最高H级别
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
            // 设置编码方式
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
            BitMatrix bitMatrix = new QRCodeWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height,hints);
            Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(filePath);
            MatrixToImageWriter.writeToPath(bitMatrix,FORMAT_NAME,path);
        }
    
        /**
         * 生成二维码返回byte数组
         * @param content 内容
         * @param width 宽度
         * @param height 高度
         * @return 二维码的byte数组
         */
        public static byte[] getQRCodeImage(String content, int width, int height) throws IOException, WriterException {
            ByteArrayOutputStream pngOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            // 用于设置QR二维码参数
            Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
            // 设置QR二维码的纠错级别——这里选择最高H级别
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
            // 设置编码方式
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
            BitMatrix bitMatrix = new QRCodeWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height,hints);
            MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix, FORMAT_NAME, pngOutputStream);
            return pngOutputStream.toByteArray();
        }
    
        /**
         *  解析二维码获取内容
         * @param file 二维码文件，或定义InputStream
         * @return 二维码包含的字符串信息
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public static String decodeQRCodeImage(File file) throws Exception {
            if (!file.exists()) {
                return null;
            }
            BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file);
            BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
            BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
    
            Map hints = new HashMap<DecodeHintType, Object>();
            hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
            Result result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
            return result.getText();
        }
    
        /**
         *  给二维码插入logo图片
         * @param data 二维码的字节数据，也可以是二维码文件，将二维码数据加载进内存处理就ok
         * @param logoFile logo图片所在的路径
         * @param needCompressed 是否需要压缩logo图片
         * @return 带logo二维码的byte数组
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private static byte[] addLogoImage(byte[] data, File logoFile, boolean needCompressed) throws IOException {
            if (!logoFile.exists()){
                System.out.println("logo文件不存在");
                return null;
            }
    
            BufferedImage qrcodeImage = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)); //data图片数据加载进内存
            int qrcodeWidth = qrcodeImage.getWidth(null);
            int qrcodeHeight = qrcodeImage.getHeight(null);
            Image logoImage = ImageIO.read(logoFile);
            int logoWidth = logoImage.getWidth(null);
            int logoHight = logoImage.getHeight(null);
    
            // 压缩logo图片
            if (needCompressed) {
                if (logoWidth > qrcodeWidth) logoWidth = qrcodeWidth/5;
                if (logoHight > qrcodeHeight) logoHight = qrcodeHeight/5;
    
                Image src = logoImage.getScaledInstance(logoWidth, logoWidth, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH); //创建此图像的缩放版本。
                BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(logoWidth, logoWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
                Graphics2D graphics = tag.createGraphics();
                graphics.drawImage(src, 0, 0, null);// 绘制当前可用的指定图像的大小。
                graphics.dispose();  // 释放占有的资源
                logoImage = src;
            }
            //logoWidth = logoImage.getWidth(null);
            //logoHight = logoImage.getHeight(null);
    
            // 插入logo图片
            Graphics2D graphics = qrcodeImage.createGraphics();
            int x = (qrcodeWidth - logoWidth) / 2;
            int y = (qrcodeHeight - logoHight) / 2;
            graphics.drawImage(logoImage, x, y, logoWidth, logoHight, null);
            Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, logoWidth, logoHight, 6, 6);
            graphics.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
            graphics.draw(shape);
            graphics.dispose();
    
            // 带logo二维码返回
            ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(qrcodeImage, FORMAT_NAME, bos);
            return bos.toByteArray();
        }
    
        /**
         *  给二维码底部添加文字
         * @param data 二维码的字节数据
         * @param text 底部文字
         * @param fontName 字体名
         * @param fontStyle 字体样式
         * @param color 字体颜色
         * @param fontSize 字体大小
         * @return 带文字二维码的byte数组
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static byte[] addFontIMage(byte[] data, String text,String fontName,int fontStyle, Color color,
                                        int fontSize) throws IOException {
            //data图片数据加载进内存
            BufferedImage qrcodeImage = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
            int qrcodeWidth = qrcodeImage.getWidth(null);
            int qrcodeHeight = qrcodeImage.getHeight(null);
            Graphics2D graphics = qrcodeImage.createGraphics();
            Font font = new Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize);
    
            // 文字在图片中的坐标，这里设置在中间
            FontMetrics metrics = graphics.getFontMetrics(font);
            int startX = (qrcodeWidth - metrics.stringWidth(text)) / 2;
            int startY = qrcodeHeight - 10;
            graphics.setColor(color);
            graphics.setFont(font);
            graphics.drawString(text, startX, startY);
            graphics.dispose();
    
            // 带文字二维码返回
            ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(qrcodeImage, FORMAT_NAME, bos);
            return bos.toByteArray();
        }
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            File logoFile = new File("E:/java/logo.jpg");
            byte[] data = QRCodeUtil.getQRCodeImage("发送端sadds12312", 550, 550);
            data = QRCodeUtil.addLogoImage(data,logoFile,true);
            // 内存二维码byte数据输出到磁盘
            // 带logo二维码
            FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("E:/java/as1234logo.jpg");
            outputStream.write(data);
            outputStream.close();
    
            //给logo二维码添加底部文字
            data = QRCodeUtil.addFontIMage(data, "二维码底部文字说明","宋体",Font.PLAIN,Color.BLUE,30);
            outputStream = new FileOutputStream("E:/java/as1234logotext.jpg");
            outputStream.write(data);
            outputStream.close();
    
            // 解析二维码
            String resultStr = QRCodeUtil.decodeQRCodeImage(new File("E:/java/as1234logotext.jpg"));
            System.out.println(resultStr); // 发送端sadds12312
        }
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDAyODU0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

**总结：**

1）掌握ZXing核心类解析和生成二维码

MultiFormatWriter 类或QRCodeWriter类编码和解码来生成和解析二维码

MatrixToImageWriter 类将内存数据写出去或者使用ImageIO类写

2）掌握Java的核心类：Image，BufferedImage和ImageIO

参考文章：

[利用ZXing工具生成二维码以及解析二维码][ZXing]

站在前辈的肩膀上，每天进步一点点

ends~

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[20190902152524108.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/17/9e034a6d30804b2c9259bf56dcffe59c.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDAyODU0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190902170948894.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDAyODU0,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[ZXing]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36191602/article/details/82466148