转 CentOS7快速安装Oracle-12cR1（配合yum）

野性酷女 2024-04-17 16:05 7阅读 0赞

[https://my.oschina.net/xinsui1314x/blog/1933045][https_my.oschina.net_xinsui1314x_blog_1933045]

## **环境** ##

操作系统： CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

Oracle版本： 12cR1

Oracle的yum： http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo

## **一、配置oracle安装环境** ##

### 1.配置yum源 ###

wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo
    yum clean all
    yum repolist

### 2.配置oracle预安装软件 ###

yum -y --nogpgcheck install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.x86_64

### 3.配置oracle用户密码 ###

passwd oracle
    输入新密码
    再次输入新密码

### · 查看oracle预安装软件的操作 ###

cat -n /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/results/orakernel.log
    
    配置用户和组
      创建组oinstall，gid54321
         1	Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
      传键组dba
         2	Adding group dba
      创建用户oracle，uid54321，主组oinstall，附加组dba，家目录/home/oracle
         3	Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary group dba and  home directory /home/oracle
      改变/home/oracle的所属，所属主oracle，所属组oinstall
         4	Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
      ps：需要自己设置oracle用户的密码
         5	Please set password for oracle user
         6	uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)
         7	Creating oracle user passed 
         8	
    
    配置内核参数/etc/sysctl.conf
         9	Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf
        10	Verifying  kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
      设置最大打开文件数
        11	Adding fs.file-max = 6815744 
      设置信号量有关的参数
        12	Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
      设置整个系统共享内存段的大小
        13	Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096 
      设置共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
        14	Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824 
      设置最大共享内存的段大小
        15	Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 
        16	Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 
        17	Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
        18	Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
        19	Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
        20	Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 
        21	Adding net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 
        22	Adding net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 
        23	Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 
      设置可使用的IPv4端口范围
        24	Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 
        25	Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...
        26	Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
      备份/etc/sysctl.conf
        27	Saved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-sysctl.conf
        28	Check /etc/sysctl.d for backups
        29	Verifying & setting of kernel parameters passed 
        30	
    
    配置进程会话
        31	Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf
        32	
        33	Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
        34	Adding oracle soft nofile  1024
        35	Adding oracle hard nofile  65536
        36	Adding oracle soft nproc  16384
        37	Adding oracle hard nproc  16384
        38	Adding oracle soft stack  10240
        39	Adding oracle hard stack  32768
        40	Adding oracle hard memlock  134217728
        41	Adding oracle soft memlock  134217728
        42	Setting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
        43	Altered file /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf
        44	Original file backed up at /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05
        45	Verifying & setting of user limits passed 
        46	
        47	Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackup
        48	Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05...
        49	Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
        50	old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet"
        51	new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"
        52	
        53	old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"
        54	new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
        55	
        56	Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
        57	G_DIR=/boot/grub2
        58	Default kernel is ->  3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
        59	Default saved_entry is -> CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
        60	Default saved_entry_line is -> 	linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 
        61	Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05
        62	Generating grub configuration file ...
        63	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5538: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
        64	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5538: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
        65	Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
        66	Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img
        67	Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-aeb91e3fbec443d58729a8669460f619
        68	Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-aeb91e3fbec443d58729a8669460f619.img
        69	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5754: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
        70	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5754: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
        71	done
        72	The saved kernel 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 is now at position - 0
        73	Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
        74	Altered file /etc/default/grub
        75	Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.orabackup
        76	Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05
        77	Verifying & setting of boot parameters passed 
        78	
        79	Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter...
        80	Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackup
        81	Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network
        82	Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed 
        83	
        84	Disabling Transparent Hugepages. 
        85	Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
        86	
        87	Disabling defrag. 
        88	Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
        89	
        90	Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05

## **二、安装oracle** ##

### 1.下载oracle软件包 ###

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

### 2.创建工作目录并解压 ###

cd /data/oracle
    unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_1of2.zip
    unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_2of2.zip

### 3.解决中文乱码 ###

export LANG=C

### 4.安装oracle,使用oracle登陆系统 ###

cd /data/oracle/database
    ./runInstaller

#### 4.1 配置安全更新 ####

跳过即可

![format_png][]

#### 4.2 安装选项 ####

\- 仅安装数据库软件

选项说明：

\- 创建和配置数据库：用于新安装数据库的用户。

\- 仅安装数据库软件：适用于已有oracle数据库数据用于数据迁移的。

\- 升级现有的数据库：适用于将老数据库升级成新数据库的用户。

![format_png 1][]

#### 4.3 系统类 ####

\- 桌面类：最小化配置

\- 服务器类：

![format_png 2][]

#### 4.4 网络安装选项 ####

\- 单实例数据库安装

![format_png 3][]

#### 4.5 安装类型 ####

\- 典型安装：省事，后边的设置很少

\- 高级安装：

![format_png 4][]

#### 4.6 产品语言 ####

\- 默认即可

![format_png 5][]

#### 4.5 数据库版本 ####

\- 标准版

![format_png 6][]

#### 4.6 安装位置 ####

\- 默认即可，会读取oracle预安装时的配置

![format_png 7][]

#### 4.7 创建产品清单 ####

\- 默认即可

![format_png 8][]

#### 4.8 操作系统组 ####

\- 没有创建oper组，第二项用 dba 即可

![format_png 9][]

#### 4.9 先决条件检查 ####

\- 根据提示，安装缺少的软件、修改配置文件

\- 虚拟内存问题，影响不大，可以继续安装

![format_png 10][]

#### 4.10 概要 ####

\- 查看有无问题，有就双击后边的“编辑”

![format_png 11][]

#### 4.11 安装 ####

![format_png 12][]

#### 4.12 执行配置脚本 ####

再开一个终端
    ssh root@ip地址
    . /home/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    . /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

![format_png 13][]

#### 4.13 安装完成 ####

![format_png 14][]

### 5.配置环境变量，oracle登陆 ###

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ vim .bash_profile 
    
    在里边添加
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    
    [oracle@oracledb ~]$ source .bash_profile

## **三、配置监听** ##

\- 默认即可

解决netca和dbca乱码
    [oracle@oracledb fonts]$ mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback/
    [oracle@oracledb fonts]$ cp /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/zysong.ttf $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback/
      # mkdir -p /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback
      # cp /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/wqy-zenhei.ttf /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback/
    
    配置监听listener
    [oracle@oracledb fonts]$ netca
    
    Oracle Net Services 配置:
    正在配置监听程序:LISTENER
    监听程序配置完成。
    Oracle Net 监听程序启动:
        正在运行监听程序控制: 
          /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
        监听程序控制完成。
        监听程序已成功启动。
    成功完成 Oracle Net Services 配置。退出代码是0
    
    查看监听状态
    [oracle@oracledb fonts]$ lsnrctl status
    
    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 22-AUG-2018 21:25:00
    
    Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
    STATUS of the LISTENER
    ------------------------
    Alias                     LISTENER
    Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
    Start Date                22-AUG-2018 21:23:44
    Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 16 sec
    Trace Level               off
    Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
    SNMP                      OFF
    Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
    Listener Log File         /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
    Listening Endpoints Summary...
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
    The listener supports no services
    The command completed successfully

## **四、创建数据库实例** ##

[oracle@oracledb fonts]$ dbca

![format_png 15][]

![format_png 16][]

![format_png 17][]

![format_png 18][]

![format_png 19][]

![format_png 20][]

## **五、验证** ##

· 使用oracle自带的交互工具连接数据库

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 22 20:57:30 2018
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    Connected to an idle instance.
    
    SQL>

## **六、数据库控制** ##

**· 以oracle用户执行**

1.启动监听
    [oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl start
    
    2.查看监听
    [oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl status
    
    3.关闭监听
    [oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl stop

**· 以sysdba登陆sqlplus**

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
    
    启动数据库
    SQL> startup
    
    关闭数据库
    SQL> shutdown immediate
    
    退出sqlplus
    SQL> exit

[https_my.oschina.net_xinsui1314x_blog_1933045]: https://my.oschina.net/xinsui1314x/blog/1933045
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