会话跟踪技术：Cookie（客户端）、Session（服务器端）、验证码技术

川长思鸟来 2024-03-27 11:42 87阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、 会话跟踪技术

二、Cookie（客户端）

2.1 Cookie的基本使用

2.2 Cookie原理

2.3 Cookie使用细节

三、Session（服务器端）

3.1 Session的基本使用

3.2 Session基本原理

3.3 Session使用细节

四、登录注册案例

4.1 用户登录

4.2 记住用户

4.3 注册功能

4.4 注册----验证码功能

--------------------

## 一、 会话跟踪技术 ##

![2085ff05374f41ba9fbc797bfa7eeddc.png][]

## 二、Cookie（客户端） ##

### 2.1 Cookie的基本使用 ###

![1347eb7799044f2eab76364e7d77c158.png][]

@Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            //发送Cookie
    
            //1.创建Cookie对象
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username","zs");
    
            //2.发送Cookie，response
            response.addCookie(cookie);
    
        }

@Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取Cookie
    
            //1. 获取Cookie数组
            Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
    
            //2. 遍历数组
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
                String name = cookie.getName();
                if("username".equals(name)){
                    //3.获取数据
                    String value = cookie.getValue();
                    System.out.println(name+" "+value);
                    break;
                }
    
            }
    
        }

### 2.2 Cookie原理 ###

![e0f7869796a24ef9993abbc047be6711.png][]

### 2.3 Cookie使用细节 ###

### ![9978a0e7e47f4b4aa5d08dd4de7c0976.png][] ###

@Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            //发送Cookie
    
            //1.创建Cookie对象
            //Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username","zs");
            String value = "张三";
            //URL编码
            value = URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8");
    
    
            System.out.println("存储数据："+value);
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username",value);
    
            //设置存活时间：7天
            cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*7);
    
    
            //2.发送Cookie，response
            response.addCookie(cookie);
    
    
    
        }

@Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取Cookie
    
            //1. 获取Cookie数组
            Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
    
            //2. 遍历数组
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
                String name = cookie.getName();
                if("username".equals(name)){
                    //3.获取数据
                    String value = cookie.getValue();
    
                    //URL解码
                    value = URLDecoder.decode(value, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println(name+" "+value);
                    break;
                }
    
            }
    
        }

## 三、Session（服务器端） ##

### 3.1 Session的基本使用 ###

![3f62abf16a2d4ff89d5a57134beedf4d.png][]

在Session中存储数据 ：

ublic class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //存储数据
            //1.获取Session对象
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    
            //2.存储数据
            session.setAttribute("username", "zs");
        }

从Session中获取数据：

@Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取数据，从session中
    
            //1.获取Session对象
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    
            //2.获取数据
            Object username = session.getAttribute("username");
    
            System.out.println(username);
        }

### 3.2 Session基本原理 ###

![99ad7a237f184dcaa5ec3ff6e7676fbc.png][]

### 3.3 Session使用细节 ###

![e96ca7bdd74c4f5e81dc88b7b39432e5.png][]

@Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取数据，从session中
    
            //1.获取Session对象
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    
            //Session销毁
            session.invalidate();
    
            //2.获取数据
            Object username = session.getAttribute("username");
            
            System.out.println(username);
        }

## 四、登录注册案例 ##

![f771bc31a25046cf88f26c3002beede8.png][]

### 4.1 用户登录 ###

![370a7a0304224fedbd5d6d8d9e7c8cb2.png][]

**Dao层：**

Mapper接口（）：

/**
         * 根据用户名和密码查询用户对象
         * @param username
         * @param password
         * @return
         */
        @Select("select * from tb_user where username = #{username} and password = #{password}")
        User select(@Param("username") String username,@Param("password")  String password);

user实体类：

public class User {
    
        private Integer id;
        private String username;
        private String password;
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }

UserMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper">
    
    </mapper>

**Service层：**

/**
         * 登录方法
         * @param username
         * @param password
         * @return
         */
    
        public User login(String username,String password){
            SqlSessionFactory factory = SqlSessionFactoryUtils.getSqlSessionFactory();
    
            //2. 获取SqlSession
            SqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession();
    
            //3. 获取UserMapper
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    
            //4. 调用方法
            User user = mapper.select(username, password);
    
            //释放资源
            sqlSession.close();
    
            return  user;
        }

**Web层：**

Servlet：

JSP页面：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>login</title>
        <link href="css/login.css" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    
    <body>
    <div id="loginDiv" style="height: 350px">
        <form action="/brand-demo/loginServlet" method="post" id="form">
            <h1 id="loginMsg">LOGIN IN</h1>
            <div id="errorMsg">${login_msg} ${register_msg}</div>
            <p>Username:<input id="username" name="username" value="${cookie.username.value}" type="text"></p>
    
            <p>Password:<input id="password" name="password" value="${cookie.password.value}" type="password"></p>
            <p>Remember:<input id="remember" name="remember" value="1" type="checkbox"></p>
            <div id="subDiv">
                <input type="submit" class="button" value="login up">
                <input type="reset" class="button" value="reset">   
                <a href="register.jsp">没有账号？</a>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
    
    </body>
    </html>

注意：

1.  在Service中查到了用户信息和密码，要将该用户信息存到Session中，保证在本次会话过程中可以在页面用EL表达式在屏幕上动态输出用户信息
2.  利用request的getContestPath方法获取当前Web项目的根路径，使用response.sendRedirect字符串拼接可动态获取当前的虚拟目录
3.  用户登录的错误信息需要存在request域中，使之在本次请求有效，并将错误信息显示在登录页面

### 4.2 记住用户 ###

![96f278cb2ece4c2a866044b492181ea6.png][] ![92476dd236d24b44a79ee8a5ed58be16.png][]

//获取复选框数据
            String remember = request.getParameter("remember");
    
            //2.调用Service查询
            User user = service.login(username, password);
    
            //3.判断
            if (user != null){
                //登陆成功，跳转到查询所有的BrandServlet
    
    
                //判断用户是否勾选记住我,"1"写前面防止字符串空指针异常
                if ("1".equals(remember)){
                    //勾选了，发送Cookie
    
                    //1.创建Cookie对象
                    Cookie c_username = new Cookie("username", username);
                    Cookie c_password = new Cookie("password", password);
    
                    //设置Cookie的存活时间
                    c_username.setMaxAge( 60 * 60 * 24 * 7);
                    c_password.setMaxAge( 60 * 60 * 24 * 7);
    
                    //2.发送Cookie
                    response.addCookie(c_username);
                    response.addCookie(c_password);
    
                }
    
            }

@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
    public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
        private UserService service = new UserService();
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //1.获取用户名和密码
            String username = request.getParameter("username");
            String password = request.getParameter("password");
    
    
            //获取复选框数据
            String remember = request.getParameter("remember");
    
            //2.调用Service查询
            User user = service.login(username, password);
    
            //3.判断
            if (user != null){
                //登陆成功，跳转到查询所有的BrandServlet
    
    
                //判断用户是否勾选记住我,"1"写前面防止字符串空指针异常
                if ("1".equals(remember)){
                    //勾选了，发送Cookie
    
                    //1.创建Cookie对象
                    Cookie c_username = new Cookie("username", username);
                    Cookie c_password = new Cookie("password", password);
    
                    //设置Cookie的存活时间
                    c_username.setMaxAge( 60 * 60 * 24 * 7);
                    c_password.setMaxAge( 60 * 60 * 24 * 7);
    
                    //2.发送Cookie
                    response.addCookie(c_username);
                    response.addCookie(c_password);
    
                }
    
                //将登陆成功后的user对象，存储到Session中
                HttpSession session = request.getSession();
                session.setAttribute("user", user);
    
                //contextPath实现了动态跳转
                String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
                response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/selectAllServlet");
    
            }else{
                //登录失败
    
                //存储存储错误信息到request中
                request.setAttribute("login_msg", "用户名或密码错误");
    
                //跳转到login.jsp页面
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
            }
    
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doGet(request, response);
        }
    }

![d54acdb0dbc04488aa8afe299ae28bd8.png][]

在login.jsp中

<p>Username:<input id="username" name="username" value="${cookie.username.value}" type="text"></p>
    
        <p>Password:<input id="password" name="password" value="${cookie.password.value}" type="password"></p>
    
        <p>Remember:<input id="remember" name="remember" value="1" type="checkbox"></p>

**注意：**

1.  判断用户是否勾选记住我,"1"写前面防止字符串空指针异常  
    if ("1".equals(remember))
2.  在JSP中用EL表达式获取Cookie

### 4.3 注册功能 ###

![669ddccc5ed041e88e4c44915a957df0.png][]

注册的基本功能实现：：

![e03b4fb36708449cadf777430319ef49.png][]

**Dao层：**

Mapper接口：

/**
         * 根据用户名查询用户对象
         * @param username
         * @return
         */
        @Select("select * from tb_user where username = #{username}")
        User selectByUsername(String username);
    
        /**
         * 添加用户
         * @param user
         */
        @Insert("insert into tb_user values(null,#{username},#{password})")
        void add(User user);

**Service层:**

/**
         * 注册方法
         * @return
         */
        public boolean register(User user){
            //2. 获取SqlSession
            SqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession();
            //3. 获取UserMapper
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    
            //4. 判断用户名是否存在
            User u = mapper.selectByUsername(user.getUsername());
    
            if(u == null){
                // 用户名不存在，注册
                mapper.add(user);
                sqlSession.commit();
            }
            sqlSession.close();
    
            return u == null;
    
        }

**Web层：**

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>欢迎注册</title>
        <link href="css/register.css" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <div class="form-div">
        <div class="reg-content">
            <h1>欢迎注册</h1>
            <span>已有帐号？</span> <a href="login.html">登录</a>
        </div>
        <form id="reg-form" action="/brand-demo/registerServlet" method="post">
    
            <table>
    
                <tr>
                    <td>用户名</td>
                    <td class="inputs">
                        <input name="username" type="text" id="username">
                        <br>
                        <span id="username_err" class="err_msg" >${register_msg}</span>
                    </td>
    
                </tr>
    
                <tr>
                    <td>密码</td>
                    <td class="inputs">
                        <input name="password" type="password" id="password">
                        <br>
                        <span id="password_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">密码格式有误</span>
                    </td>
                </tr>
    
    
            </table>
    
            <div class="buttons">
                <input value="注 册" type="submit" id="reg_btn">
            </div>
            <br class="clear">
        </form>
    
    </div>
    
    <script>
        document.getElementById("changeImg").onclick = function () {
            document.getElementById("checkCodeImg").src = "/brand-demo/checkCodeServlet?"+new Date().getMilliseconds();
        }
    
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>

Servlet:

@WebServlet("/registerServlet")
    public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
        private UserService service = new UserService();
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
           //1.获取对应的用户名和数据
            String username = request.getParameter("username");
            String password = request.getParameter("password");
    
            User user = new User();
            user.setUsername(username);
            user.setPassword(password);
    
            //2.调用Service注册
            boolean flag = service.register(user);
    
            //3.判断注册成功与否
            if(flag){
                //注册成功，跳转登录页面
    
                request.setAttribute("register_msg", "注册成功！请登录");
                request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request, response);
            }else{
                //注册失败，跳转到注册页面
                request.setAttribute("register_msg", "用户名已存在！");
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/register.jsp").forward(request, response);
            }
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doGet(request, response);
        }
    }

### 4.4 注册----验证码功能 ###

![31ea71c606c64090a01d1be9cc05888e.png][]

![4daafc2bcc714f62bbe1b288b7d725b9.png][]

验证码工具类：

package com.itheima.util;
    
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    /**
     * 生成验证码工具类
     */
    public class CheckCodeUtil {
    
        public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
        private static Random random = new Random();
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            OutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("d://a.jpg");
            String checkCode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, fos, 4);
    
            System.out.println(checkCode);
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值（一般传入输出流，响应response页面端，Web项目用的较多）
         *
         * @param width 图片宽度
         * @param height 图片高度
         * @param os  输出流
         * @param verifySize 数据长度
         * @return 验证码数据
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static String outputVerifyImage(int width, int height, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {
            String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
            outputImage(width, height, os, verifyCode);
            return verifyCode;
        }
    
        /**
         * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
         *
         * @param verifySize 验证码长度
         * @return
         */
        public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {
            return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
        }
    
        /**
         * 使用指定源生成验证码
         *
         * @param verifySize 验证码长度
         * @param sources    验证码字符源
         * @return
         */
        public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {
            // 未设定展示源的字码，赋默认值大写字母+数字
            if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {
                sources = VERIFY_CODES;
            }
            int codesLen = sources.length();
            Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
            StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
            for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
                verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));
            }
            return verifyCode.toString();
        }
    
        /**
         * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值 (生成图片形式，用的较少)
         *
         * @param w
         * @param h
         * @param outputFile
         * @param verifySize
         * @return
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {
            String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
            outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
            return verifyCode;
        }
    
        /**
         * 生成指定验证码图像文件
         *
         * @param w
         * @param h
         * @param outputFile
         * @param code
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {
            if (outputFile == null) {
                return;
            }
            File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
            //文件不存在
            if (!dir.exists()) {
                //创建
                dir.mkdirs();
            }
            try {
                outputFile.createNewFile();
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
                outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw e;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 输出指定验证码图片流
         *
         * @param w
         * @param h
         * @param os
         * @param code
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {
            int verifySize = code.length();
            BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            Random rand = new Random();
            Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
            g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
    
            // 创建颜色集合，使用java.awt包下的类
            Color[] colors = new Color[5];
            Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                    Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                    Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
            float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
            for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
                colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
                fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
            }
            Arrays.sort(fractions);
            // 设置边框色
            g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);
            g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
    
            Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
            // 设置背景色
            g2.setColor(c);
            g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);
    
            // 绘制干扰线
            Random random = new Random();
            // 设置线条的颜色
            g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
                int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
                int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
                int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
                g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
            }
    
            // 添加噪点
            // 噪声率
            float yawpRate = 0.05f;
            int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
            for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
                int x = random.nextInt(w);
                int y = random.nextInt(h);
                // 获取随机颜色
                int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
                image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
            }
            // 添加图片扭曲
            shear(g2, w, h, c);
    
            g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
            int fontSize = h - 4;
            Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
            g2.setFont(font);
            char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
            for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
                AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
                affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);
                g2.setTransform(affine);
                g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
            }
    
            g2.dispose();
            ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
        }
    
        /**
         * 随机颜色
         *
         * @param fc
         * @param bc
         * @return
         */
        private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
            if (fc > 255) {
                fc = 255;
            }
            if (bc > 255) {
                bc = 255;
            }
            int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
            int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
            int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
            return new Color(r, g, b);
        }
    
        private static int getRandomIntColor() {
            int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
            int color = 0;
            for (int c : rgb) {
                color = color << 8;
                color = color | c;
            }
            return color;
        }
    
        private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
            int[] rgb = new int[3];
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
            }
            return rgb;
        }
    
        private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
            shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
            shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
        }
    
        private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
    
            int period = random.nextInt(2);
    
            boolean borderGap = true;
            int frames = 1;
            int phase = random.nextInt(2);
    
            for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
                double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                        * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                        + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                        / (double) frames);
                g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
                if (borderGap) {
                    g.setColor(color);
                    g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                    g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
                }
            }
    
        }
    
        private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
    
            int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
    
            boolean borderGap = true;
            int frames = 20;
            int phase = 7;
            for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
                double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                        * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                        + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                        / (double) frames);
                g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
                if (borderGap) {
                    g.setColor(color);
                    g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                    g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
                }
    
            }
    
        }
    }

验证码Servlet：

@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
    public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            // 生成验证码
            ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
            String checkCode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, os, 4);
    
    
            // 存入Session
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("checkCodeGen",checkCode);
    
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doGet(request, response);
        }
    }

验证验证码：

验证码jsp页面代码：

**注意：在绑定单击事件获取src时，为了防止缓存，需要在原虚拟目录上拼接上时间获得新的虚拟目录，才能保证虚拟目录不重复**

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