Linux中将多块新硬盘合并成一个，挂载到/mysqldata目录下

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2024-03-26 18:47 2阅读 0赞

**需求：**  
将两块空硬盘合并为“一块”，挂载到指定目录（/data）下，达到在一个目录使用2块硬盘所有空间的效果。

逻辑卷管理（LVM）

逻辑卷

1.整合分散空间（整合未使用的磁盘空间，可以是一个磁盘的空间也可以是不同磁盘的空间，可以是一整块儿磁盘，也可以是磁盘的分区；但是不能把分区的剩余空间拿来使用）

2.空间可以扩展（不会影响原来的数据内容，不会影响读入和使用）

LVM工作方式

在“分区--->格式化”中间增加的一个逻辑层

—— 零散空间存储（PV 物理卷）----整合的虚拟磁盘（VG 卷组）----虚拟的分区（LV 逻辑卷）

将众多的PV（物理卷）组成VG（卷组），再将VG（卷组）中划分LV（逻辑卷）

LVM管理工具

![0216c12addd24f849b48a3600cc34362.png][]

**使用 fdisk -l 命令查看当前系统中的硬盘，如下图：**

![37861861dfef4d42a5000e3e04908d81.png][]

系统中存在两块未分配的硬盘：//dev/nvme0n3 和 /dev/nvme0n4，共8T

现将两块硬盘合并成一块，挂载到/mysqldata目录下，具体方法如下：

## 1.创建pv ##

pvcreate /dev/sdb (/dev/nvme0n3) # 硬盘1
    pvcreate /dev/sdc (/dev/nvme0n4) # 硬盘2

![59d62361cb444a07a39ba960d71b30e0.png][]

注：创建PVCRATE时报错Device /dev/sdb excluded by a filter.

pvcreate /dev/sdb  
Device /dev/sdb excluded by a filter.

解决办法如下：  
fdisk -l  
参看磁盘情况，需要扩容的盘dev/dsdb 还存在

重建分区和再次创建卷的时候擦除签名信息  
parted /dev/sdb  
输入：mklabel msdos  
输入： Yes  
输入：quit

重建就完成了；

## 2.创建vg ##

# vgcreate [自定义LVM名称] [硬盘]
    # 先使用硬盘1创建vg:lvm_data
    
    vgcreate lvm_data /dev/sdb

![b2c049648ec346598ee3a0af6fd3eb7f.png][]

![a92a9bb1e67d486dbdf110f6f8850a72.png][]

## 3.扩展vg ##

# vgextend [自定义vg名称] [硬盘]   
    # 使用硬盘2扩展vg
    
    vgextend lvm_data /dev/sdc

![96e78b4c577c49b1b093ea87c3096d9c.png][]

4.创建lv  
\# lvcreate -l\[自定义分区大小\] -n\[自定义分区名称\] \[vg名称\]  
\# 分区大小不能超过硬盘容量总和  
如创建一个10G的分区：  
lvcreate -l10.0G -n vg\_data lvm\_data

如果将两个盘全部空间分区，可以使用以下方式：  
lvcreate -l 100%VG -n vg\_data lvm\_data  
![ab1598e09467403d82f3dc192538d56d.png][]

## 5.格式化分区 ##

# mkfs -t [文件系统] [分区位置]
    
    mkfs -t ext4 /dev/lvm_data/vg_data

![4914ae21ba7f4e659225347e3d18fce7.png][]

![244ad934e7a64ea287c43ad339c315c2.png][]

## 6.挂载分区 ##

# mount [分区位置] [目录地址]
    
    mount /dev/lvm_data/vg_data /data

![da59c56e3938420895156e2996379ce4.png][]

8.总结  
一.pv lv vg 介绍  
PV(physical volume)即物理卷,就是物理磁盘,可以通过 fdisk -l 查看操作系统有几块硬盘

VG(volume group)即卷组,就是一组物理磁盘的组合,里面可以有一块硬盘也可以有多块硬盘

LV(logical volume)及逻辑卷,就是在VG(指定的物理磁盘组)里面划分出来的

可以说成是PV就是硬盘,而VG就是管理硬盘的操作系统,而LV就是操作系统分出来的各个分区.

PV->VG->LV-> 文件系统使用(挂载到某个目录)

硬盘或分区做成pv，然后将pv或多个pv建立vg，vg上建立lv  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAUGVyc2lzdGVuY2VfX18_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

二.命令集合  
1.PV  
pvcreate :根据物理盘,创建pv  
pvscan :查询目前系统里的pv  
pvdisplay:显示pv的状态  
pvremove:将pv属性移除

2.VG  
vgcreate:创建vg  
vgscan:查找当前系统里面的vg  
vgdisplay:显示当前系统vg的状态  
vgextend:给vg添加额外的pv  
vgreduce:在vg内删除pv  
vgchange:设置vg是否是启动状态(active)  
vgremove:删除一个vg

3.LV  
lvcreate:创建lv  
lvscan:查询当前系统的lv  
lvdisplay:显示lv的属性  
lvextend:给lv添加容量  
lvredurce:给lv减少容量  
lvremove:删除一个lv  
lvresize:对lv大小的容量进行调整

三.实际操作  
下面实际操作下,来看看

1.案例描述  
从下看到只是把sda这块硬盘用了,做了vg(vg\_dsgdata),并且在vg(vg\_dsgdata)下建了/dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_root, /dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_swap, /dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_home三个lv, 通过df -h看到/dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_root挂载在根目录/下,/dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_home挂载在/home目录下.从上述看,还剩余sdb,sdc,sdd三块硬盘没有使用

\[root@dsgdata ~\]\# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x000a2d9e

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System  
/dev/sda1 \* 1 64 512000 83 Linux  
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.  
/dev/sda2 64 121602 976248832 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_swap: 8355 MB, 8355053568 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1015 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_home: 937.6 GB, 937632464896 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 113993 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

\[root@dsgdata ~\]\#

\[root@dsgdata ~\]\# pvdisplay  
\--- Physical volume ---  
PV Name /dev/sda2  
VG Name vg\_dsgdata  
PV Size 931.02 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB  
Allocatable yes (but full)  
PE Size 4.00 MiB  
Total PE 238341  
Free PE 0  
Allocated PE 238341  
PV UUID lPOKfO-HZ6y-4ubK-5TPk-FuB0-ypCU-y0mK1R  
  
\[root@dsgdata ~\]\#  
\[root@dsgdata ~\]\# vgdisplay  
\--- Volume group ---  
VG Name vg\_dsgdata  
System ID  
Format lvm2  
Metadata Areas 1  
Metadata Sequence No 4  
VG Access read/write  
VG Status resizable  
MAX LV 0  
Cur LV 3  
Open LV 3  
Max PV 0  
Cur PV 1  
Act PV 1  
VG Size 931.02 GiB  
PE Size 4.00 MiB  
Total PE 238341  
Alloc PE / Size 238341 / 931.02 GiB  
Free PE / Size 0 / 0  
VG UUID zQcZh0-2t6e-9LuM-zHnv-R0tG-sQDi-Ba3wLK  
  
\[root@dsgdata ~\]\# lvdisplay  
\--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_root  
LV Name lv\_root  
VG Name vg\_dsgdata  
LV UUID D7Z7jC-v0aK-fYJ5-AbcN-LmjX-nMEJ-dwpcm0  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time dsgdata, 2014-03-05 17:59:43 +0800  
LV Status available  
\# open 1  
LV Size 50.00 GiB  
Current LE 12800  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
\- currently set to 256  
Block device 253:0  
  
\--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_swap  
LV Name lv\_swap  
VG Name vg\_dsgdata  
LV UUID 0HrVlq-IS9g-hNH0-R1Sr-hvcd-BUI2-hkjfLh  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time dsgdata, 2014-03-05 18:00:00 +0800  
LV Status available  
\# open 1  
LV Size 7.78 GiB  
Current LE 1992  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
\- currently set to 256  
Block device 253:1  
  
\--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_home  
LV Name lv\_home  
VG Name vg\_dsgdata  
LV UUID PC4IMN-Nvm3-UpaB-Em5I-NCvq-fzPF-MKcqOs  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time dsgdata, 2014-03-05 18:00:01 +0800  
LV Status available  
\# open 1  
LV Size 873.24 GiB  
Current LE 223549  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
\- currently set to 256  
Block device 253:2  
  
\[root@dsgdata ~\]\#  
\[root@dsgdata ~\]\# df -h  
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
/dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_root 50G 4.4G 43G 10% /  
tmpfs 3.9G 228K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm  
/dev/sda1 485M 40M 420M 9% /boot  
/dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_home 860G 200M 816G 1% /home  
\[root@dsgdata ~\]\#

#### 2.下面手工操作,创建增加减少删除关于pv,vg,lv的操作 ####

创建pv

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# pvcreate /dev/sdb  
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# pvdisplay  
\--- Physical volume ---  
PV Name /dev/sda2  
VG Name vg\_dsgdata  
PV Size 931.02 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB  
Allocatable yes (but full)  
PE Size 4.00 MiB  
Total PE 238341  
Free PE 0  
Allocated PE 238341  
PV UUID lPOKfO-HZ6y-4ubK-5TPk-FuB0-ypCU-y0mK1R  
  
"/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "931.51 GiB"  
\--- NEW Physical volume ---  
PV Name /dev/sdb  
VG Name  
PV Size 931.51 GiB  
Allocatable NO  
PE Size 0  
Total PE 0  
Free PE 0  
Allocated PE 0  
PV UUID MO29Sj-3lEd-Licp-BNxD-9qPH-v5y4-zLUNHI  
  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# pvscan  
PV /dev/sda2 VG vg\_dsgdata lvm2 \[931.02 GiB / 0 free\]  
PV /dev/sdb lvm2 \[931.51 GiB\]  
Total: 2 \[1.82 TiB\] / in use: 1 \[931.02 GiB\] / in no VG: 1 \[931.51 GiB\]  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\#  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# pvremove /dev/sdb  
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully wiped  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# pvscan  
PV /dev/sda2 VG vg\_dsgdata lvm2 \[931.02 GiB / 0 free\]  
Total: 1 \[931.02 GiB\] / in use: 1 \[931.02 GiB\] / in no VG: 0 \[0 \]<pre code\_snippet\_id="220533" snippet\_file\_name="blog\_20140306\_6\_5401133" class="html" name="code">\[root@dsgdata /\]\# pvcreate /dev/sdb  
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created  
3.创建VG

3.创建VG  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# vgcreate DATA /dev/sdb

Volume group "DATA" successfully created

\[root@dsgdata /\]\#

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# vgdisplay DATA

\--- Volume group --- VG Name DATA System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 931.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238467 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 238467 / 931.51 GiB VG UUID HhP6O7-sjLT-xzA7-YqLl-QsOJ-lQSM-3sN5VS

\[root@dsgdata /\]\#  
给VG添加或者减少容量：

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# pvcreate /dev/sdc Physical volume "/dev/sdc"

successfully created

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# vgextend DATA /dev/sdc

Volume group "DATA" successfully extended

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# vgdisplay DATA

\--- Volume group --- VG Name DATA System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 1.82 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 476934 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 476934 / 1.82 TiB VG UUID HhP6O7-sjLT-xzA7-YqLl-QsOJ-lQSM-3sN5VS

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# vgreduce DATA /dev/sdc

Removed "/dev/sdc" from volume group "DATA"

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# vgdisplay DATA

\--- Volume group --- VG Name DATA System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 931.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238467 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 238467 / 931.51 GiB VG UUID HhP6O7-sjLT-xzA7-YqLl-QsOJ-lQSM-3sN5VS

\[root@dsgdata /\]\#  
  
4.创建LV,并挂载  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# lvscan

ACTIVE '/dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_root' \[50.00 GiB\] inherit  
ACTIVE '/dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_swap' \[7.78 GiB\] inherit  
ACTIVE '/dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_home' \[873.24 GiB\] inherit

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# lvcreate -n test -L 100G DATA

Logical volume "test" created

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# lvscan ACTIVE

'/dev/DATA/test' \[100.00 GiB\] inherit ACTIVE  
'/dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_root' \[50.00 GiB\] inherit ACTIVE  
'/dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_swap' \[7.78 GiB\] inherit ACTIVE  
'/dev/vg\_dsgdata/lv\_home' \[873.24 GiB\] inherit

\[root@dsgdata /\]\#  
  
在根目录下创建目录CXF  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# mkdir /cxf  
对逻辑卷进行格式化：

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/DATA/test  
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)  
Filesystem label=  
OS type: Linux  
Block size=4096 (log=2)  
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)  
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks  
6553600 inodes, 26214400 blocks  
1310720 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user  
First data block=0  
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296  
800 block groups  
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group  
8192 inodes per group  
Superblock backups stored on blocks:  
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,  
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872</p><p>Writing inode tables: done  
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done  
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:  
done</p><p>This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or  
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\#  
  
将逻辑卷/dev/DATA/test挂载到/cxf目录下:

\[root@dsgdata /\]\# mount /dev/DATA/test /cxf  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\# df -h  
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
/dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_root 50G 4.4G 43G 10% /  
tmpfs 3.9G 228K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm  
/dev/sda1 485M 40M 420M 9% /boot  
/dev/mapper/vg\_dsgdata-lv\_home 860G 200M 816G 1% /home  
/dev/mapper/DATA-test 99G 188M 94G 1% /cxf  
\[root@dsgdata /\]\#

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