Java自定义实体类集合多规则排序

╰半夏微凉° 2024-03-25 23:44 53阅读 0赞

**实体类**

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class Student{
        /**
         * 姓名
         */
        private String name;
        /**
         * 年龄
         */
        private Integer age;
        /**
         * 国籍
         */
        private String nationality;
    
    }

**测试数据**

List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
 Student student1 = new Student("java", 22, "Chinese");
 Student student2 = new Student("go", 11, "USA");
 Student student3 = new Student("js", 20, "Japan");
 Student student4 = new Student("python", 16, "Thailand");
 Student student5 = new Student("php", 33, "Chinese");
 Student student6 = new Student("php", 16, "Chinese");
 Student student7 = new Student("java", 16, "Thailand");
 students.add(student1);
 students.add(student2);
 students.add(student3);
 students.add(student4);
 students.add(student5);
 students.add(student6);
 students.add(student7);

--------------------

## 1、自定义实体类继承Comparable重写compareTo方法（自然排序） ##

**实体类**

@Data
 @NoArgsConstructor
 @AllArgsConstructor
 public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
 /**
 * 姓名
 */
 private String name;
 /**
 * 年龄
 */
 private Integer age;
 /**
 * 国籍
 */
 private String nationality;
 
 
 /**
 *
 * @param student
 * @return
 * 如果返回值为负数：当前对象大
 * 如果返回值为正数：当前对象小
 * 如果返回值为0：一样大
 */
 @Override
 public int compareTo(Student student) {
 // lombok已经重写equals方法，字段都相等时对象才相等
 if (this.equals(student)) {
 return 0;
 }
 int ageCompare = Integer.compare(this.age, student.age);
 if (ageCompare != 0) {
 return ageCompare;
 }
 int nationalityCompare = this.nationality.compareTo(student.nationality);
 if (nationalityCompare != 0) {
 return nationalityCompare;
 }
 return this.name.compareTo(student.name);
 }
 }

**测试**

// 先根据年龄从小到大，再根据国籍从小到大，最后根据姓名从小到大
    Collections.sort(students);
    students.forEach(System.out::println);

**结果**

Student(name=go, age=11, nationality=USA)
    Student(name=php, age=16, nationality=Chinese)
    Student(name=java, age=16, nationality=Thailand)
    Student(name=python, age=16, nationality=Thailand)
    Student(name=js, age=20, nationality=Japan)
    Student(name=java, age=22, nationality=Chinese)
    Student(name=php, age=33, nationality=Chinese)

注：想要从大到小的排序，只需将实体类的重写方法compareTo中的this和student互换位置；也可以在前面加一个负号，如-Integer.compare(this.age, student.age)。

--------------------

## 2、如果Student为引用依赖的类，无法修改时（Comparator定制排序） ##

students.sort(new Comparator<Student>() {
 @Override
 public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
 if (o1.equals(o2)) {
 return 0;
 }
 int ageCompare = Integer.compare(o1.getAge(), o2.getAge());
 if (ageCompare != 0) {
 return ageCompare;
 }
 int nationalityCompare = o1.getNationality().compareTo(o2.getNationality());
 if (nationalityCompare != 0) {
 return nationalityCompare;
 }
 return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
 }
 });

注：匿名内部类可使用lambda简写方式

--------------------

1.  ## 集合过滤部分数据再排序，需要使用stream流+Comparator定制排序 ##

stream常用的方法（[https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html][https_docs.oracle.com_javase_8_docs_api_java_util_stream_Stream.html]）

<table style=""> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">修饰符和类型</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">方法及说明</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:77px;">long</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:77px;">count()返回此流中元素的计数。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Stream&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">distinct()返回由该流的不同元素（根据 Object.equals(Object)）组成的流。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Stream&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">filter(Predicate&lt;? super T&gt; predicate)返回一个流，该流由与给定谓词匹配的此流的元素组成。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">void</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">forEach(Consumer&lt;? super T&gt; action)对此流的每个元素执行一个操作。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Stream&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">limit(long maxSize)返回由该流的元素组成的流，被截断为不超过maxSize长度。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">&lt;R&gt; Stream&lt;R&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">map(Function&lt;? super T,? extends R&gt; mapper)返回一个流，该流由将给定函数应用于此流的元素的结果组成。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Optional&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">max(Comparator&lt;? super T&gt; comparator)返回此流的最大元素 。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Optional&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">min(Comparator&lt;? super T&gt; comparator)返回此流的最小元素 。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Stream&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">skip(long n)在丢弃流的前 n 个元素后，返回由该流的剩余元素组成的流。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Stream&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">sorted()返回一个流，该流由该流的元素组成，并按自然顺序排序。</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:156px;vertical-align:middle;height:52px;">Stream&lt;T&gt;</td> 
 <td style="width:611px;vertical-align:top;height:52px;">sorted(Comparator&lt;? super T&gt; comparator)返回一个流，该流由该流的元素组成，并根据提供的排序Comparator。</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

students.stream()
            // 学生年龄大于16岁
            .filter(student -> student.getAge() >= 16)
            .sorted((Student o1, Student o2) -> {
                if (o1.equals(o2)) {
                    return 0;
                }
                int ageCompare = Integer.compare(o1.getAge(), o2.getAge());
                if (ageCompare != 0) {
                    return ageCompare;
                }
                int nationalityCompare = o1.getNationality().compareTo(o2.getNationality());
                if (nationalityCompare != 0) {
                    return nationalityCompare;
                }
                return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
            })
            .forEach(System.out::println);

**结果**

Student(name=php, age=16, nationality=Chinese)
    Student(name=java, age=16, nationality=Thailand)
    Student(name=python, age=16, nationality=Thailand)
    Student(name=js, age=20, nationality=Japan)
    Student(name=java, age=22, nationality=Chinese)
    Student(name=php, age=33, nationality=Chinese)

--------------------

## 4、Comparator与Comparable区别 ##

推荐使用Comparator，无需修改实体类结构，可以降低耦合度

Comparable只能给定一种排序规则，Comparator可以编写多个类多个排序规则，更灵活

[https_docs.oracle.com_javase_8_docs_api_java_util_stream_Stream.html]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html