【Kubernetes实战】（五）KubeAdm方式部署

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2024-03-25 21:28 63阅读 0赞

\# 一、环境初始化

\#\# 1、检查操作系统版本

\`\`\`

cat /etc/redhat-release

\`\`\`

修改三个主机的主机名

hostname

todo

\#\# 2、主机名解析

/etc/hosts添加如下内容

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cat /etc/hosts

10.0.0.6 master

10.0.0.3 node1

10.0.0.10 node2

\`\`\`

登录密码：roopa9123ss\#

注意：<u>三个服务器核数需要双核以上</u>

\#\# 3、时间同步

\`\`\`

systemctl start chronyd

systemctl enable chronyd

测试时间 date

\`\`\`

\#\# 4、禁用iptabels和firewalld服务

\`\`\`

关闭firewalld

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

关闭iptables

systemctl stop iptables

systemctl disable iptables

\`\`\`

\#\# 5、禁用selinux

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编辑/etc/selinux/config文件，修改SELINUX值为disabled

SELINUX=disabled

\`\`\`

\#\# 6、禁用swap分区

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编辑分区配置文件/etc/fstab，注释掉swap分区一行，然后重启linux服务

\#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap

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\#\# 7、修改linux的内核参数

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修改linux的内核参数，添加网桥过滤和地址转发功能

编辑/etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf文件，添加如下配置：

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

net.ipv4.ip\_forward = 1

\#重新加载配置

sysctl -p

\#加载网桥过滤模块

modprobe br\_netfilter

\#查看网桥过滤模块是否加载成功

lsmod | grep br\_netfilter

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\#\# 8、配置ipvs功能

\`\`\`

\# 1.安装ipset和ipvsadm

\[root@master ~\]\# yum install ipset ipvsadmin -y

\# 2.添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件

\[root@master ~\]\# cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

\#!/bin/bash

modprobe -- ip\_vs

modprobe -- ip\_vs\_rr

modprobe -- ip\_vs\_wrr

modprobe -- ip\_vs\_sh

modprobe -- nf\_conntrack\_ipv4

EOF

2台机器 到这里\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#

\# 3.为脚本添加执行权限

\[root@master ~\]\# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

\# 4.执行脚本文件

\[root@master ~\]\# /bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

\# 5.查看对应的模块是否加载成功

\[root@master ~\]\# lsmod | grep -e ip\_vs -e nf\_conntrack\_ipv4

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\#\# 9、重启服务器

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reboot

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\# 二、环境安装

\#\# 1、安装docker

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\# 1、切换镜像源

\[root@master ~\]\# wget [https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo][https_mirrors.aliyun.com_docker-ce_linux_centos_docker-ce.repo] \-O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

\# 2、查看当前镜像源中支持的docker版本

\[root@master ~\]\# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates

\# 3、安装特定版本的docker-ce

\# 必须制定--setopt=obsoletes=0，否则yum会自动安装更高版本

\[root@master ~\]\# yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7 -y

\# 4、添加一个配置文件

\#Docker 在默认情况下使用Vgroup Driver为cgroupfs，而Kubernetes推荐使用systemd来替代cgroupfs

\[root@master ~\]\# mkdir /etc/docker

\[root@master ~\]\# cat <<EOF> /etc/docker/daemon.json

"exec-opts": \["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"\],

"registry-mirrors": \["[https://kn0t2bca.mirror.aliyuncs.com][https_kn0t2bca.mirror.aliyuncs.com]"\]

EOF

\# 5、启动dokcer

\[root@master ~\]\# systemctl restart docker

\[root@master ~\]\# systemctl enable docker

\# 6、检查docker版本

docker version

\`\`\`

其中启动docker时报错

unable to configure the Docker daemon with file /etc/docker/daemon.json: invalid character '.' looking for beginning of object key string

是因为\*"exec-opts"和"registry-mirrors"复制时，前面包含. 需要去掉然后 systemctl restart docker\*

\#\# 2、安装Kubernetes组件

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\# 1、由于kubernetes的镜像在国外，速度比较慢，这里切换成国内的镜像源

\# 2、编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo,添加下面的配置

\[kubernetes\]

name=Kubernetes

baseurl=[http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86\_64][http_mirrors.aliyun.com_kubernetes_yum_repos_kubernetes-el7-x86_64]

enabled=1

gpgchech=0

repo\_gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=[http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg][http_mirrors.aliyun.com_kubernetes_yum_doc_yum-key.gpg]

[http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg][http_mirrors.aliyun.com_kubernetes_yum_doc_rpm-package-key.gpg]

\# 3、安装kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl

\[root@master ~\]\# yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 kubeadm-1.17.4-0 kubelet-1.17.4-0 kubectl-1.17.4-0 -y

\# 4、配置kubelet的cgroup

\#编辑/etc/sysconfig/kubelet, 删掉原来的，添加下面的配置

KUBELET\_CGROUP\_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

KUBE\_PROXY\_MODE="ipvs"

\# 5、设置kubelet开机自启

\[root@master ~\]\# systemctl enable kubelet

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\#\# 3、准备集群镜像

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\# 在安装kubernetes集群之前，必须要提前准备好集群需要的镜像，所需镜像可以通过下面命令查看

\[root@master ~\]\# kubeadm config images list

\# 下载镜像

\# 此镜像kubernetes的仓库中，由于网络原因，无法连接，下面提供了一种替换方案

vim pull.sh

images=(

kube-apiserver:v1.17.4

kube-controller-manager:v1.17.4

kube-scheduler:v1.17.4

kube-proxy:v1.17.4

pause:3.1

etcd:3.4.3-0

coredns:1.6.5

)

for imageName in $\{images\[@\]\};do

docker pull [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers/$imageName][registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com_google_containers_imageName]

docker tag [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers/$imageName][registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com_google_containers_imageName] k8s.gcr.io/$imageName

docker rmi [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers/$imageName][registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com_google_containers_imageName]

done

然后sh pull.sh

\`\`\`

拉取完后，查看docker images 下 7个镜像是否已下载好

\#\# 4、集群初始化

> 下面的操作只需要在master节点上执行即可

vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf

修改其中server ip为master IP

\`\`\`

\# 创建集群

\[root@master ~\]\#

kubeadm init \\

\--image-repository [registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers][registry.aliyuncs.com_google_containers] \\

\--kubernetes-version=v1.17.4 \\

\--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \\

\--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\

\--apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.6

**27号晚跑到这里**

\# 创建必要文件

\[root@master ~\]\# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

\[root@master ~\]\# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

\[root@master ~\]\# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

\`\`\`

> 下面的操作只需要在node节点上执行即可

\`\`\`

kubeadm join 10.0.0.6:6443 --token luqe46.ma1zjznl1tmwyroz \\

\--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d3c9121b221d22c85f6a947f0b2aafdac3674569dc25abfc1466560c97daa2e5

注意上面这个命令会在master节点上安装完kubeadm init 自动生成，直接复制在Node节点上执行即可！

\`\`\`

在master上查看节点信息

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\[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get nodes

NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION

master NotReady master 6m v1.17.4

node1 NotReady <none> 22s v1.17.4

node2 NotReady <none> 19s v1.17.4

\`\`\`

在工作节点kubeadm join出现连接不上，报错：

kubeadm init /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables contents are not set to 1

解决办法：

\`\`\`

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables

然后重启机器reboot,重新连接就可以

参考：[https://developer.aliyun.com/article/701252][https_developer.aliyun.com_article_701252]

\`\`\`

\#\# 5、安装网络插件，只在master节点操作即可

\`\`\`

wget [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml][https_raw.githubusercontent.com_coreos_flannel_master_Documentation_kube-flannel.yml]

\`\`\`

由于外网不好访问，如果出现无法访问的情况，可以直接用下面的 记得文件名是kube-flannel.yml，位置：/root/kube-flannel.yml内容：

\`\`\`

[https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/tree/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml][https_github.com_flannel-io_flannel_tree_master_Documentation_kube-flannel.yml]

\`\`\`

修改文件中的quay.io仓库为[quay-mirror.qiniu.com][] (如果能访问就不一定要替换，我当前没有替换也能成功的)

重启kubelet和docker

\`\`\`

\# 重启kubelet

systemctl restart kubelet

\# 重启docker

systemctl restart docker

\`\`\`

使用配置文件启动fannel

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kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

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查看状态

\`\`\`

kubectl get nodes

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显示如下

\[root@VM-0-6-centos ~\]\# kubectl get nodes

NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION

vm-0-10-centos Ready <none> 24m v1.17.4

vm-0-3-centos Ready <none> 32m v1.17.4

vm-0-6-centos Ready master 37m v1.17.4

问题：安装完后出现kubectl get nodes 都时NotReady问题，解决办法：

\`\`\`

执行完kubectl apply后一直集群节点状态一直显示NotReady状态，可以尝试将[quay-mirror.qiniu.com][]还原回quay.io然后再执行一次，再执行下面两条命令：

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart kubelet

看看节点是否是ready状态

\`\`\`

\#\# 6、集群测试

创建一个nginx服务

\`\`\`

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.14-alpine

\`\`\`

暴露端口

\`\`\`

kubectl expose deploy nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort

\`\`\`

查看服务

\`\`\`

kubectl get pod,svc

\`\`\`

返回如下：

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

pod/nginx-6867cdf567-pz9tz 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 10s

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 43m

service/nginx NodePort 10.101.235.58 <none> 80:31786/TCP 5s

查看pod

kubectl get pod

查看svc

kubectl get svc

如下图所示

!\[image-20211219222619981\](C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\Typora\\typora-user-images\\image-20211219222619981.png)

浏览器访问： masterIp:31786、node1:31786、node2:31786 即可访问nginx

\# 三、DashBoard

\#\# 1、部署Dashboard

1. 下载yaml，并运行Dashboard

\`\`\`

\# 下载yaml

\[root@k8s-master01 ~\]\# wget [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml][https_raw.githubusercontent.com_kubernetes_dashboard_v2.0.0_aio_deploy_recommended.yaml]

\# 修改kubernetes-dashboard的Service类型

kind: Service

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

name: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

spec:

type: NodePort \# 新增

ports:

\- port: 443

targetPort: 8443

nodePort: 30009 \# 新增

selector:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

\# 部署

\[root@k8s-master01 ~\]\# kubectl create -f recommended.yaml

\# 查看namespace下的kubernetes-dashboard下的资源

\[root@k8s-master01 ~\]\# kubectl get pod,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-c79c65bb7-zwfvw 1/1 Running 0 111s

pod/kubernetes-dashboard-56484d4c5-z95z5 1/1 Running 0 111s

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.96.89.218 <none> 8000/TCP 111s

service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.104.178.171 <none> 443:30009/TCP 111s

\`\`\`

2）创建访问账户，获取token

\`\`\`

\# 创建账号

\[root@k8s-master01-1 ~\]\# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard

\# 授权

\[root@k8s-master01-1 ~\]\# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin

\# 获取账号token

\[root@k8s-master01 ~\]\# kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin

dashboard-admin-token-x2x2d kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 20s

\[root@k8s-master01 ~\]\# kubectl describe secrets dashboard-admin-token-x2x2d -n kubernetes-dashboard

Name: dashboard-admin-token-xbqhh

Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

Labels: <none>

Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin

kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 95d84d80-be7a-4d10-a2e0-68f90222d039

Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data

====

ca.crt: 1025 bytes

namespace: 20 bytes

token:

eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImhvNXBVV3FxZGRxMnpNNkk3UFoxM0pVZmI5VEtmX3A0YWtwdTJKQ1ZFWWcifQ.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.C4wkD\_w9mttgSaJl2zLx6Oa5wmqcmHSTkVCiCDeeEfSVBIL7B6Ws-3macl\_Dpb48IDZc0mCV7Fe9O-w8uWX6vPVebTcR8O74cysJeqpECIHIv3etukhWI5s63WS5sclL7k8N4LOBk3Z7rn8dsABpXmycRmHRGAI-LYsaXYVmmXun-3Rq0TqR2CzT7TlAnYkdrC1B-G2k18l3jL6FlOdchLpY8FsPX17dPBrs5cMRyvQZsfuwI0XBD5Ao1wLqippyrIMxI5xHzfDYuRxR0PFG280PFl3iXgsjqNpFSgvp8VzOyGFq8dELo\_L8MjMtBuJfvDAtGF9o\_6KxfjnSsoNPxg

\`\`\`

通过浏览器访问Dashboard的UI

[https://master][https_master]节点外网Ip:30009/\#/login

在登录页面上输入上面的token

\`\`\`

\#\# 2、使用DashBoard

本章节以Deployment为例演示DashBoard的使用

\*\*查看\*\*

选择指定的命名空间\`dev\`，然后点击\`Deployments\`，查看dev空间下的所有deployment

\*\*扩缩容\*\*

在\`Deployment\`上点击\`规模\`，然后指定\`目标副本数量\`，点击确定

\*\*编辑\*\*

在\`Deployment\`上点击\`编辑\`，然后修改\`yaml文件\`，点击确定

\*\*查看Pod\*\*

点击\`Pods\`, 查看pods列表

\*\*操作Pod\*\*

选中某个Pod，可以对其执行日志（logs）、进入执行（exec）、编辑、删除操作

[https_mirrors.aliyun.com_docker-ce_linux_centos_docker-ce.repo]: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[https_kn0t2bca.mirror.aliyuncs.com]: https://kn0t2bca.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
[http_mirrors.aliyun.com_kubernetes_yum_repos_kubernetes-el7-x86_64]: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
[http_mirrors.aliyun.com_kubernetes_yum_doc_yum-key.gpg]: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
[http_mirrors.aliyun.com_kubernetes_yum_doc_rpm-package-key.gpg]: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
[registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com_google_containers_imageName]: http://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
[registry.aliyuncs.com_google_containers]: http://registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
[https_developer.aliyun.com_article_701252]: https://developer.aliyun.com/article/701252
[https_raw.githubusercontent.com_coreos_flannel_master_Documentation_kube-flannel.yml]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[https_github.com_flannel-io_flannel_tree_master_Documentation_kube-flannel.yml]: https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/tree/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[quay-mirror.qiniu.com]: http://quay-mirror.qiniu.com/
[https_raw.githubusercontent.com_kubernetes_dashboard_v2.0.0_aio_deploy_recommended.yaml]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
[https_master]: https://master/