考研英语高频词汇

落日映苍穹つ 2024-03-25 05:35 109阅读 0赞

**A:**

1. a series of 一系列  
  2. acquaintance n. 熟人  
  3. acquaintance n. 熟人  
  4. admission n. 准许，进入  
  5. affair n. 事情；事务  
  6. alleged adj. 声称的  
  7. alter v. 改变  
  8. analysis n. 分析  
  9. anonymity n. 匿名；匿名者  
  10. apart from 远离  
  11. applaud v. 鼓掌；称赞  
  12. arise v. 产生  
  13. artificial adj 人造的；虚伪的  
  14. assemble v. 集合  
  15. at the very least 至少  
  16. attachment n. 依恋；连接  
  17. authenticate v. 鉴定；证明...是真实的  
  18. available adj. 可获得的

**B:**  
  
  1. backfire n. &v. 逆火，回火  
  2. background n. 背景  
  3. battery n. 电池  
  4. be related to 与...有关  
  5. bearing n. 方向、方位  
  6. befriend v. 交朋友  
  7. bimonthly adj. &adv. 两月一次的（地）；一月两次的（地）  
  8. blaze n. 标记；火焰  
  9. blessing n. 祝福  
  10. blood vessel 血管  
  11. bloodstream n. 血流  
  12. BMI (Body Mass Index) 身体质量指数  
  13. brutal adj. 野蛮的  
  
  **C:**  
  
  1. caloric adj. 热量的  
  2. candidate n. 应试者；候选人  
  3. capture v. 捕获 n. 战利品  
  4. carve v. 切开、开创  
  
  5. cashless adj. 无现金的  
  6. chalkboard n. 黑板  
  7. civilization n. 文明  
  8. click v. 点击  
  9. code n. 准则，法规；代码  
  10. codify v. 编纂  
  11. commuter n. 通勤者  
  12. compass n. 指南针  
  13. complex adj. 复杂的  
  14. conceivably adv. 可想像地、可信地  
  15. conduct v. 实施、执行  
  16. conflict n. &v. 冲突，矛盾  
  17. container n. 容器  
  18. contemporary adj. 当代的 n. 同代人  
  19. contract v. 收缩  
  20. cooperate v. 合作、配合  
  21. correspondent n. 通讯员  
  22. creative adj. 创造性的  
  23. credential n. 证书  
  24. credible adj. 可信的、可靠的  
  
  25. curiosity n. 好奇心  
  26. cyber-crime adj. 网络犯罪的  
  27. cyberspace n. 网络空间  
  
  **D:**  
  
  1. database n. 数据库  
  2. date back to 追溯到  
  3. decrease n. 下降、减少  
  4. defendant n. 被告  
  5. deficiency n. 缺陷  
  6. define v. 定义  
  7. demonstrate v. 证明；展示；示威  
  8. dense adj. 密切的、浓密的  
  9. desire n. &v. 欲望；要求  
  10. die v. 熄灭、停止运转  
  11. die down 逐渐消失  
  12. differentiate v. 区分、分别  
  13. dim v. 使昏暗；adj. 暗淡的  
  14. disappearance n. 消失  
  15. disapproval n. 不赞成、不喜欢  
  
  16. disgrace n. 耻辱 v. 给...丢脸  
  17. dishonesty n. 不诚实、不正直  
  18. disruptive adj. 破坏的  
  19. distinctive adj. 有特色的、与众不同的  
  20. downhill adj. 下坡的  
  21. dullness n. 迟钝  
  
  **E:**  
  
  1. econometric adj. 计量经济学的  
  2. ecosystem n. 生态系统  
  3. efficient adj. 有效率的  
  4. electronic adj. 电子的  
  5. embrace v. 拥抱  
  6. emergency n. 紧急情况  
  7. endeavor n. &v. 努力  
  8. enjoyable adj. 快乐的  
  9. enthusiastically adj. 热情地  
  10. envision v. 想像；预想  
  11. envision v. 想象  
  12. essentially adv. 本质上；基本上  
  13. ethical adj. 道德的、伦理的  
  14. evolve v. 进化  
  15. exclaim v. 呼喊  
  16. exclusive adj. 独有的；排外的；  
  17. expectation n. 期望，期待  
  18. explore v. 探索、探究  
  19. extraction n. 血统、家世  
  
  **F:**  
  
  1. federation n. 联合；联邦  
  2. feedback n. 反馈  
  3. finding n. 发现  
  4. fingerprint n. 指纹  
  5. fit adj. 健康的 v. 符合  
  6. fitness n. 健康；适当；适合性  
  7. float v. 漂浮  
  8. fluctuate v. 波动；起伏  
  9. fluctuation n. 起伏，波动  
  10. follow-up 接下来的  
  11. foreigner n. 外地人  
  12. formerly adv. 以前  
  
  13. framer n. 制定者  
  14. fraud n. 欺骗；骗子  
  15. frown n. 皱眉  
  16 .fundamental adj. 基本的、根本的  
  
  **G:**  
  1. geneticist n. 遗传学家  
  2. genome n. 基因组  
  3. glow n. 微弱稳定的光；暗淡的光  
  4. GPS ( Global Position System ) 全球定位系统  
  5. groom n. 新郎  
  6. guardian n. 守护人；监护人  
  
  **H:**  
  1. habitation n. 居住、住宅  
  2. herd v. 群居 n. 兽群、牧群  
  3. hormone n. 荷尔蒙  
  4. hospitalization n. 住院治疗  
  5. hug v. 拥抱

**I:**  
  1. ideological adj. 意识形态的  
  2. immunity n. 免疫力  
  3. impartial adj. 公正的、不偏不倚的  
  4. impoverished adj. 穷困的  
  5. in conjunction with 连同、共同  
  6. in store 即将到来  
  7. incur v. 招致，引发  
  8. independent adj. 独立的  
  9. indicator n. 指标  
  10. individual n. 个人  
  11. inequality n. 不平等  
  12. inescapably adv. 不可避免地  
  13. infrastructure n. 基础设施  
  14. inhale v. 吸入，吸气  
  15. instance n. 实例  
  16. instinct n. 本能，直觉；天性  
  17 . instinct n. 本能  
  18 . institution n. 机构，制度；规定  
  19 . intensity n. 强度  
  20 . interpretation n. 解释、翻译  
  21 . investigate v. 调查  
  
  **J:**  
  
  1. jogging n. 慢跑  
  2. judiciary n. 司法制度；司法部  
  3. justice n. 法官  
  
 ** K:**  
  
  1. keep an eye out for 留意；瞪大眼睛；密切注意  
  2. kin n. 亲属  
  3. kinship n. 亲密关系  
  
  **L:**  
  
  1. landscape n. 风景、地形  
  2. legitimacy n. 合法性、合理性  
  3. leisure n. 闲暇  
  4. liberated adj. 无拘束的  
  5. light pollution 光污染  
  6. lighting n. 灯光、照明  
  
  **M:**  
  
  1. mass n. 群众；大量；质量  
  2. matchmaker n. 媒人  
  3. mechanism n. 机制  
  4. mentality n. 心态  
  5. military adj. 军事的；军人的  
  6. mindless adj. 愚蠢的；不费脑子的（事）；不注意的  
  7. moderately adv. 适度地  
  8. modify v. 调整  
  9. mortality n. 死亡数  
  10. muscle n. 肌肉；力量  
  11. muscular adj. 肌肉的  
  12. mutually adv. 互相地  
  
  **N:**

1. nasal adj. 鼻音的  
  2. navigate v. 导航；航行  
  3. navigation n. 导航；航行  
  4. negotiation n. 协商；谈判  
  5. neuroscientist n. 神经学家  
  
  **O:**  
  
  1. obese adj. 肥胖的  
  2. obesity n. 肥胖  
  3. occurrence n. 发生，出现  
  4. occurrence n. 发生的事情；出现  
  5. on record 有记录的  
  6. otherwise adv. 否则  
  7. outbreak v. 爆发  
  8. output n. 产量  
  9. overblown adj. 停息的；过分的  
  10. overweight adj. 超重的  
  11. overwhelming adj. 压倒性的  
  12. overwhelmingly adv. 压倒性地、不可抵抗地  
  
  **P:**  
  
  1. pair v. 组队、（使....）成对  
  2. panic n. 恐慌 adj. 恐慌的  
  3. participant n. 参与的 adj. 参与的  
  4. passion n. 激情，热情  
  5. peculiar adj. 特有的  
  
  6. perceive v. 注意到；意识到  
  7. permanent adj. 永久的  
  8. physiology n. 生物机能、生理学  
  9. pick pace 加速  
  10. pin down 确定  
  11. plant n. 工厂  
  12. plastic adj. 塑料的；可塑的、塑性的  
  13. plateau n. 平稳时期  
  14. plausible adj. 似是而非的  
  15. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的  
  16. prayer n. 祷词；祈祷  
  17. prediction n. 预言  
  18. preserve v. 保护  
  19. proceeding n. （科学文献）会刊、汇编  
  20. productive adj. 生产的；多产的  
  21. productivity n. 生产率、生产力  
  22. prompt v. 促使、激励  
  23. property n. 财产  
  
  **R:**

1. R&D (Research and Development) 研究与开发  
  2. realize v. 意识到；实现  
  3. recovery n. 恢复  
  4. reign n. &v. 统治  
  5. rejection n. 抛弃；拒绝  
  6. related adj. 有关系的  
  7. release v. 释放；松开  
  8. remarkable adj. 值得注意的  
  9. require v. 需要  
  10. resistance n. 抵抗；抵抗力  
  11. resounding adj. 响亮的；巨大的  
  12. retain v. 保留、保持  
  13. revolutionize v. 发动革命  
  14. risk-taking adj. 甘冒风险的  
  15. root n. 根源 v. 生根  
  
  **S:**  
  
  1. scale n. 数值范围；规模；比例  
  2. scan v. 细看；扫描；浏览  
  3. schedule n. &v. 计划，安排  
  4. seasonal adj. 季节的；周期性的  
  5. secretary n. 秘书；书记  
  6. sentence v. 宣判  
  7. sentiment n. 感情，情绪  
  8. sermon v. 布道  
  9. severe adj. 严重的  
  10. sharp adj. 急剧的 adv. 急剧地  
  11. shop-floor 车间  
  12. significant adj. 重大的；有意义的  
  13. similarity n. 相似  
  14. six sense 第六感  
  15. slacken (off) 逐渐懈怠  
  16. soak v. 浸泡  
  17. solider n. 军人 adj. 更牢固的  
  18. somehow adv. 莫名其妙地；以某种方法  
  19. source n. 根源、本源  
  20. speculate v. 推测，投机  
  21.speculate v. 推测  
  22. spouse n. 配偶  
  23. spray n. 喷雾 v. 喷射  
  24. spray v. 喷、喷射  
  25. state n. 状态  
  26. stimulate v. 刺激  
  
  27. stimulus n. 刺激 （复数形式：stimuli）  
  28. stockpile n. &v. 贮存  
  29. straight adv. 直接地；坦率地；立即  
  30. strain v. 拉紧、绷紧  
  31. streetlight n. 街灯，路灯  
  32. subject n. 实验对象  
  33. subject n. 实验对象、研究对象  
  34. sugary adj. 含糖的  
  35. supervise v. 监督  
  36. susceptibility n. 敏感性；易受影响的特性  
  37. swine n. 猪  
  38. switch n. &v. 开关；转变  
  39. symptom n. 症状  
  40. systematic adj. 系统化的  
  
  **T:**  
  
  1. telecommunication n. 电讯  
  2. the other way around 倒过来  
  3. thread n. 线  
  4. to the contrary 与此相反  
  5. tobacco n. 烟草  
  6. toddler n. 学步的幼儿；蹒跚行走的人  
  7. tone n. （尤指肌肉的）结实度  
  8. trail n. 路径；小路  
  9. trick n. 技巧、窍门  
  10. trick v. 欺骗、哄骗 n. 诡计、骗局、恶作剧  
  11. tricky adj. 微妙的；狡猾的；复杂的  
  12. trigger v. 引发  
  13. troop n. 军队  
  14. turn to 转向；求助于  
  
  **U:**  
  
  1. unbearable adj. 难以忍受的  
  2. unbiased adj. 公正的、无偏见的  
  3. uncertainty n. 不确定性  
  4. unemployed adj. 失业的  
  5. unthinkable adj. 不能想象的  
  
  **V:**  
  
  1. vaccinate v. 接种疫苗  
  2. vaccine n. 疫苗 adj. 疫苗  
  
  3. valley n. 山谷  
  4. virtually adv. 事实上；几乎  
  5. virus n. 病毒  
  6. volunteer n. 志愿者  
  
  **W:**  
  
  1. wasteland n. 荒地  
  2. weigh v. 权衡；考虑  
  3. worthwhile adj. 有价值的、值得做的  
  4. wrist n. 手腕；腕关节

**26天搞定2016考研英语核心词汇**

**第1天任务**

rash a.轻率的，鲁莽的 \[反\]deliberate n.皮疹

guideline n.指导方针，指导原则，准则，标准

gut n.\[pl.\]胆量；内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏

habitat n.(动物的)栖息地，(植物的)产地

harassment n.骚扰，扰乱；烦恼，烦乱

recycle vt./vi.重复利用(用过的物资)，循环使用

redundant a.被解雇的；多余的，过剩的

refugee n.(政治上的)避难者，难民

refund n.v. 退款；赔偿

relish n.喜好，乐趣；美味；胃口 v.爱好，喜欢

remnant n.残余，剩余；残余物，残存部分

renaissance n.\[the R-\]文艺复兴(时期)；新生，复兴

ritual a.宗教仪式的，典礼的 n.仪式，典礼；惯例

robust a.强健的，茁壮的；有力的 \[反\]feeble

salvation n.(尤指基督)救世，超度；拯救，解困

sanction v.同意(某事)，批准，认可 n.批准,国际制裁

sane a.心智健全的，神志清醒的；明断的，理智的

sarcastic a.讽刺的，嘲笑的，挖苦的

saturate vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和

repertoire n.全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能

repression n.压抑，压制，镇压

retention n.保留；保持；记忆(力)

retort n.v.报复；反击；反驳

boost n.促进，激励；一抬；一推 vt.推动，增强

bowel n.肠；［pl.］内部，深处

retrieve vt.重新得到，取回；挽回，补救；检索

retrospect v.n.回顾，回想，追溯\[反\]foresee

revelation n.揭示，透露，显示；被揭示的真相，新发现

**第2天任务**

rigorous a.严格的，严厉的，严酷的(气候条件)

riot n.暴(骚)乱；(色彩等)极度丰富vi.聚众闹事

rip v.猛撕开；扯开；被撕开；裂开

scandal n.丑事，丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨

scramble vi.(快速地)爬，攀登；互相争夺，争先

siege n.包围，围攻，围困

sip v.小口地喝，抿，呷 n.一小口的量

sceptical/skeptical a.怀疑的

skim vt.撇去(液体表面)之漂浮物 vi.轻轻掠过

skip vi.略过，跳过 n.跳跃 vt.故意忽略；略过

texture n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

transcend vt. 超出，超越(理性等)的范围

abolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old custo

prime 首要的，主要的 a matter of ～ importance

foul a.令人不快的；恶臭的；邪恶的 v.弄脏 n.(体育等)犯规

fridge n.(refrigerator的略语)冰箱

radiant a.(面容、目光)洋溢着幸福的，明亮照耀的

rap vt.急敲；突然厉声说出；训斥n.急敲(声)

thermal 热的，由热造成的 ～burns

thirst 渴，口渴 The heat creates a ～ in me like I’ve never had before

trail 痕迹，足迹 a ～ of destruction left by the violence

tramp 步行，跋涉 He loves ～ing over the hills

transfer 转移，调动 the company has transferred to an eastern location

fringe n.边缘；(窗帘)缘饰；额前垂发 vt.饰…的边

fume n.(usu pl.)（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气，汽

blur n.模糊不清的事物 vt.使模糊，使看不清楚

browse vi.随意翻阅，浏览；(牛、羊等)吃草

primitive 原始的，上古的，早期的 a ～ forest

prior 在先的，在前的 Stop making public statements without their ～ approval here

privilege 特权，优惠，特免 In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ～

probe 探索，探查，调查 ～ the roots of war

absolute 纯粹的，完全的 have absolute trust in sb.

verge 边，边缘，边沿 the ～ of a stream

verify 证明，证实Subsequent events verified my suspicions

vertical 垂直的，立式的 a ～ engine

veto 否决，否决权，否决权的行使 The rest of the committee could not accept the ～

accustom 使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early

acquaint 使认识，使了解

**第3天任务**

trash n.垃圾；拙劣的作品；渣滓，败类vt.捣毁

toxic a.有毒的，因中毒引起的

amaze 使惊愕，使惊异 I am amazed that he should get the post.

breach n.违反，不履行；破裂 vt.冲破，攻破

briefcase n.手提箱，公事皮包

ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的 an ambiguous answer

ozone n. 臭氧；清新的空气

pact n.合同，条约，公约

trace 痕迹，踪迹 The wound healed, leaving almost no ～ of a scar

track足迹，踪迹～s in the snow

tragedy 悲剧 *Hamlet* is one of shakespeare’s best known tragedies

paperback n.平装本，简装本

script n.剧本(原稿)；手稿，原稿；笔迹，手迹

scrutiny n.周密的调查；仔细看；监视；选票复查

sculpture n.雕刻(术)，雕塑(术)；雕刻作品

tame 驯化的，驯服的，温顺的 ～animails

tan棕黄色，黄褐色 buy some shoes in tan

tax 税（款）Half of his wages go in tax

abrupt 突然的，意外的 an abrupt departure

acute 尖锐的，敏锐的 an acute thinker

versatile 多才多艺的 a ～ man

versus 诉讼，竞赛等中以……为对手 The match tonight is China ～ Japan

blunt 钝的 The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.

blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红 blush with(或for) joy

abide 遵循（…by）；容忍 The one thing she cannot abide is lying.

delight 高兴，快乐：To the teacher’s great delight , all his students passed the examination.

deliver 投递，传送，运输：deliver the mail

demonstrate 论证，证明 ：demonstrate a philosophical principle

aaccelerate 加速，增速 accelerate one’s steps

thread 线，线状物 cotton ～

thrill 使非常兴奋，使非常激动 It’s a sight that never fails to ～ me

thrive 兴旺发达，繁荣 His business is thriving

abuse 滥用 abuse one's authority(office)

temper 心情，脾气 be in a good～

tempt 引诱，诱惑 Nothing could ～ me to do such a thing

strain 拉紧，绷紧 If you ～ the elastic any more, it will break

strap 带，皮带 silks ～s

stream 小河，溪流 on the banks of a ～

stress压力，紧张 Not all of us can cope with the ～es of modern life

stretch 伸直，伸长 He yawned and ～ed himself

stride阔步前进，大踏步走He strode to the platform

strike 打击，撞 A stone struck me on the head

string 细绳，线，带 She took the parcel and started to undo the string

strip 剥去，除去 The wind stripped the tree of all its leaves

access 接近（或进入）的机会 have regular and immediate access to the President

tip 末端，尖端 the tips of the fingers

toast 烤面包，吐司 two slices of ～】

**第4天任务**

token 表示，标志，象征He did that as a ～ of good faith

torture 拷打，拷问 ～ a confession from a prisoner

accommodate 使适应，使符合一致 accommodate oneself to changed circumstances

unfold 展开，打开 ～ a newspaper

uniform 制服；不变的，相同的，均匀，统一的 a ～ temperature

unify 使成一体，统一 become a unified nation

update 更新，使现代化 ～a textbook

upgrade 提高，使升级，改善 ～ products and services

uphold 举起，高举 He upheld his clenched hand

upright 挺直的，垂直的 an ～ seat

adhere 黏附，附着 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another.

adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbs

adjoin 贴近，与...毗邻 His house adjoins the lake.

thrust 推，刺，戳，插，挤He was ～ into power

tick （钟声等发出的）滴答声

tilt 使倾斜，使倾倒 Tilt your head back so that I can look down your throat

toss 扔，抛，掷 The children tossed the ball to each other

tough 坚韧的，牢固的 Some plastic are as ～ as metal

tow 拖，拉，牵引 tow a damaged ship into port

abstract 抽象的 A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.

absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的 The idea that number 14 brings bad luck is absurd.

uproar 骚乱，骚动The public ～ over unclear-radiation hazards continues to mount

utilize 利用 ～ solar energy

utter 发出（声音等），说，吐露 ～ the truth

vacant 未被占用的 a ～ seat in a bus

vague 含糊的，不明确的，模糊的 a ～ answer

slip 滑倒，滑落，滑行 She ～ed on the wet stones and fell

slit 切开，撕开 ～ the envelope open

slope 倾斜，有坡度 The ground ～s down sharply at this point

sly 狡猾的，偷偷的 a ～answer

smash 打碎，打破，摧毁 The ball ～ed the window

snatch 夺得，一把抓住 The thief ～ed her handbag and ran off

immune免除的，豁免的：Nobody is immune from criticism

impact 冲击，撞击：the impact of light on the eye

impair 削弱，减少：The output of produce was impaired by the bad weather

impartial 公正的，无偏见的：A judge should be impartial

implement 工具，器具，用具：new types of farm implements

sting刺，螫，叮 A bee stung him on the neck

stir 使微动，移动 A breeze ～red my hair

stitch 一针，针脚 Make your ～es closer together

sue 控告，起诉 ～ sb for slander

summary 总结，概要 This book has a ～ at the end of each chapter

superb 极好的，一流的，杰出的 ～ science and engineering

superficial 表面的 a ～resemblance

superfluous过多的，剩余的，多余的a ～remark

supervise 监督，管理，指导 ～ sb’s every move

vanish 突然消失，逐渐消散 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbit

veil 面纱，面罩 Jewish women wore ～s in token of reverence and submission

ventilate 使通风，使空气流通 ～ a room

venture 冒险，冒险行动，投机行动take a ～ in oil

uncover 揭开，揭露 ～ a dish of food

underestimate 低估 ～ the difficulties of the task

reassure v.使安心，使放心；使消除疑虑

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**第5天任务**

recede v.退去；缩进；收回，撤回 \[反\]approach

recipient n.a person who receives sth 收到者

reckless a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的

rectangle n.\[数\]矩形, 长方形

recur v.(尤指不好的事)一再发生；重现

portray v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等)

prone a.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

prophet n.预言家；先知；提倡者

undergo 经历，遭受，忍受 ～ much suffering

underlie 位于……之下 Many facts ～ my decision

undermine 在……下挖 ～ a wall

accord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words.

account 记述，叙述 give a brief account of what has happened

address 演说 a television address

ultimate 最后的，最终的 The war ended for us in ～ victory

unanimous 全体一致的，一致同意的 They are ～ in asking for a rise in pay

undertake 着手做， 从事 ～ an attack

undesirable 不合意的，不受欢迎的 The drug has ～ side effects

uneasy 心神不宁的，不安宁的 be ～uneasy about the future

virtue 美德，德行 Among her many ～s are loyalty ,courage, and truthfulness

visible 看得见的，可见的 a ship barely ～ on the horizon

vision 视力，视觉 ～ care

substitute 代替者，代替物 He is the doctor’s ～ during holidays times

subtle 微妙的，巧妙的 His whole attitude has undergone a ～ change

subtract 减，减去 Subtract 4 from 10 you get 6

succession 连续，一系列 a ～ of debates

suck 吸，A large mosquito was sucking blood from the back of her hand

vital 有生命力的 The heart is a ～ organ

vivid 鲜艳的 the ～ green of leaves in spring

void 空的 a ～ space

wedge 楔子，三角木 Please put a ～ in the door so that it will stay open

weed 杂草，野草My garden is running to ～s

weep 哭泣，流泪 ～ for one’s failure

weigh 称……重量，称～ oneself on the scales

Xerox 静电复印（法），静电复印件，静电复印机

Make me a ～ of this report.(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

yield 生产，产生，带来 This orchard ～s apples and pears.

zeal 热心，热忱，热情 a man of ～

zigzag之字形的，弯曲的 a ～ road

wander 漫步，徘徊 He ～ed home

ward 病房 a 4-bed ～

warrant 授权，批准，正当理由，根据 He had no ～ for his action

waterproof 不透水的，防水的 ～ material

whisper 低语，耳语，轻声说 ～ to sb

vicious 邪恶的，恶毒的，凶残的 lead a ～ life

volunteer 志愿者，自愿参加者 Are there any ～s for a swim?

audit v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听

**第6天任务**

vibrate 使震动，使摆动 His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house ～

weld 焊接，煅接 It takes speed to ～ steel at this heat

whirl 旋转，急转 The couples ～ed round the dance floor

audio n./a.音频(响)(的)；声音(的)，听觉(的)

auditorium n.观众席，听众席；会堂，礼堂

stab 刺，戳，猛的一击，突发的一阵 a ～ of anxiety

stack整齐的一叠 a ～ of bills

stain 玷污，污染 His shirt was ～ed with blood

stale 食品等不新鲜的，走味的 These old peanuts taste ～

stall 牛舍

startle 惊吓，使吃惊 The horse ～s easily

starve 使挨饿，饿死 Many live in luxury while others are starving

addict v.使沉溺；使上瘾 n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人

advent n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临

affluent a. 富裕的，富足的

stock 原料，备料，库存，现货 Rags are used as a ～ for making paper

stoop 俯身，弯腰She ～ed to pick up her fan

statistics 统计，统计资料 The recent ～ on marriage are interesting

steer 掌舵，驾驶 ～ a car through the entrance

authentic a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的

awe n.敬畏，惊惧vt.使敬畏，使惊惧

bait n.饵，引诱物 vt.用饵引诱；招惹，捉弄

balcony n.阳台；(电影院等的)楼厅，楼座

ballet n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团

bizarre adj.异乎寻常的，稀奇古怪的

stubborn 顽固的，倔强的 The ～ boy refused to listen to his parents’advice

stuff 原料，材料，物品，东西 He has got all the ～ ready for building his new house

subject 题目，主题 the ～ for a debate

submerge 浸没，淹没，湮没 The stream overflowed and ～d the farmland

submit 屈服，服从，投降 ～ to foreign pressure

anguish n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼

antique a.古式的，过时的　n.有价值的古物，古董

appall v.使胆寒,使惊骇 （a. appalling）

wrap 包，裹 ～ oneself in a blanket

wreck 失事，遇难 a train ～

wrench 扳手 He is a ～ .

ballot n.(不记名)投票；投票总数；投票权 vi.投票

barbecue n.烤肉用的台架；烤肉野餐 vt.在台架上烤肉

barren a.贫瘠的；不育的；(植物)不结果的；无用的

belly n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛

benign a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的

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**第7天任务**

beverage n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料

bin n.(贮藏食物等用的)箱子

wrinkle 皱，皱纹 He will wore the ～s of anxiety on his forehead.

write 写，写字，写信，写作 She ～s to me every other week.

album n. 唱片;集邮册,相册

storm 风暴，暴风雨，暴风雪 A ～ arose

straightforward 一直向前的，直接的 a ～ business transaction

subordinate 下级的 In the army ,captains are ～ to majors

substance 物质，实质 the ～ of pre-school education

air-conditioning n.空调设备，空调系统

stationary 固定的，静止的，非流动的 ～ troops

amiable a.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的

amid prep.在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕

auction n.／vt.拍卖

blueprint n.蓝图，设计图，计划 vt.制成蓝图，计划

ego n.自我，自负，利已主义；(心理学)自我意识

eligible a.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的

endow vt.资助，捐赠；(with)给予，赋予

escalate v.(使)逐步增长(或发展)，(使)逐步升级

escort vt.护送(卫)；陪同 n.警卫，护送者；仪仗兵

evade vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

arrogant a.傲慢的，自大的

artery n.动脉；干线，要道

aspire vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于

assassinate vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤

waken 醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm sounded

virtual 实际上的，事实上的 the ～ manager of the business

weary 疲倦的，疲劳的 a ～ look

vigor 体力，精力，活力 in the ～ of manhood

violate 违反，违背 ～ the traffic regulations

zone 地带，分布带 a danger ～

abdomen n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)

abound vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于

acclaim v.向…欢呼，公认 n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞

accountant n.会计人员，会计师

aisle n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道，通道

supplement增补，补充 a ～ to wages

**第8天任务**

suppress压制，镇压 ～human rights

supreme最高的，至上的 a ～ ruler

surpass超过，优于，强于，胜过 ～ advanced world

surplus过剩，剩余 a teacher ～

survey调查～ population growth in the southern provinces

vain 徒劳的，无效的 ～ efforts

valid 有根据的 a ～ excuse

value 价值 I was offered 50 pounds for my old car but its ～ is much higher

asset n.(pl.)资产(产)；有用的资源；优点，益处

blackmail n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索；胁迫，恫吓

blade n. 刀刃，刀片；桨叶，桨片；草叶，叶片

blouse n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔的罩衫

foster vt. 照管；培养；促进

bruise n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕vt.打青；挫伤

bully n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓 vt.威胁，欺侮

bureaucracy n.官僚主义，官僚机构；(非民选的)委任官员

burglar n.(入室行窃的)盗贼

cape n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

carbohydrate n.碳水化合物; 糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类

celebrity n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

Christ n.基督，救世主，耶稣

clergy n.\[总称\]牧师，神职人员

coalition n.结合体，同盟；结合，联合

costume n. 戏装；泳装；服装

cosy/cozy a.暖和舒服的；舒适的 \[反\]uncomfortable

credentials n.(个人能力及信用的)证明书，证件

ebb vi.衰退，减退 n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态

eccentric a.古怪的，怪癖的，异乎寻常的n.古怪的人

futile a.无效的，无用的，无希望的

gender n.(生理上的)性；(名词、代词等的)性

glamour n.魔力，魅力 vt.迷住

strenuous a.费力的，艰辛的；奋发的，努力的

strife n.争吵；冲突，斗争；竞争

stroll n.&v.漫步；散步；游荡

gorgeous a.华丽的；灿烂的；美丽的；宜人的；棒的

graphic a.生动的，形象的；绘画的，文字的，图表的

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**第9天任务**

layoff n.临时解雇；关闭；停歇

lottery n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事

majesty n. stately, grand appearance; splendor 雄伟，壮丽，庄严majestic a.

manoeuvre/maneuver vi.熟练地进入

medieval a. 中世纪的

excel vi.(at，in)突出，擅长vt.胜过，优于

excerpt n.摘录，节录 vt.摘，引用

exile n.流放；被流放者 vt.流放，放逐，把…充军

fairy adj.幻想中的，虚构的

feat n.功绩，伟业，技艺

federation n.联合会；结盟，联合

fore ad.在前面 a.先前的；在前部的 n.前部

solitary a.(好)孤独的；偏僻的；单一的，唯一的

solo n.独奏 a. ad.单独的(地)；独唱的(地)

spiral a.螺旋形的 n.螺旋，螺线 v.螺旋上升；盘旋

spouse n. a wife or husband 配偶

stagger vi.摇晃着移动;蹒跚 n.摇晃不稳的动作;蹒跚

stalk n.茎，梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走

staple n.主要产品；名产；纤维；主要成分，主食

statute n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例

steak n.牛排；大块肉(或鱼)片

stereotype n.陈规，老套，模式化 vt.使定型，使模式化

formidable a. difficult to defeat or deal with 难对付的；可怕的

meditate v.认真思考，沉思；计划，考虑

momentum n. 动量；动力；势头

monarch n.帝王，君主，最高统治者

motivate vt.促动；激励，鼓励，作为…的动机

nightmare n.恶梦；可怕的事物，无法摆脱的恐惧

optimum a.最适宜的 n.(生长繁殖的)最佳条件

option n.选择(权)；可选择的事物(或人)，选课

overturn n. 推翻

stun vt.使…失去知觉；使目瞪口呆，使吃惊

subsidy n.补助金；津贴费

suffice v.足够，(食物)满足

suite n.套间；一套家具；套，组，系列

summit n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰；最高级会议

superstition n.迷信，迷信的观念习俗

oxide n. 氧化物(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

grim a.严酷的，令人害怕的；不愉快的，讨厌的

**第10天任务**

grin n.vi. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑

grope vi.暗中摸，摸索；探索，搜寻vt.摸索

heave v.(用力)举，提，拉；扔；拖；呕吐n.举起

herb n.药草，(调味用的)香草，草本植物

hierarchy n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层

hike n.徒步旅行；增加vi.徒步旅行vt.提高

passerby n.过路人，路人

pilgrim n.最初的移民(P大写，指1620由欧洲移居美国的清教徒)

plea n.(法律)抗辩；请求，恳求，托词，口实

skull n.头盖骨，颅骨

slaughter n.屠杀，屠宰 vt.屠杀，宰杀

slot n.狭缝；空位vt.放入狭缝中；把…纳入

sneak vi.偷偷地走，溜vt.偷偷地做(或拿、吃)

sneeze vi.打喷嚏，发喷嚏声n.喷嚏

agitate 搅动（液体等） The machine agitated the mixture.

alarm 惊恐，忧虑 The bandits scattered in alarm.

sort 种类，类别 He is not the ～ of man to do such a cruel thing

sound 健康的，健全的，完好的 a ～body in a ～ mind

sour 酸的，酸味的 ～pickles

alert 警惕的，留神的 In our reading we should always be alert for new usages.

alien 外国的 adjust to an alien culture

allege 断言，宣称 The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.

allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给 allocate funds for new projects

sniff vi.嗅…味道；抽鼻涕；对嗤之以鼻，蔑视

soar vi.(指鸟等)高飞，翱翔；飞涨；高耸

sociable a.好交际的，友好的，合群的

solidarity n.团结；休戚相关

surge vi.(如浪潮般)汹涌；奔腾 n.(感情等的)洋溢

susceptible a.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

tangle n.纠缠；缠结；混乱 v.(使)缠绕；变乱

temperament n.气质，性格，性情；资质

tropic n.回归线；\[the T-s\]热带地区

tumour/tumor n.(肿)瘤，肿块

amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者 an amateur golfer

ambition （对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心 His political ambitions still burn.

amend 修改，修订 amend the spelling in sb.'s paper

administrate 掌管，料理...的事务 In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by the wife.

**第11天任务**

adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents

advance 使向前移动 advance a chessman

sector n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

seemingly ad. in appearance; apparently 表面上的，看起来的

segregate vt. separate or keep apart from others 分离，隔离

serial n.连本影片，连本电视节目 a.连续的

setback n.挫折；失效；复发；倒退

shabby a.简陋的，破旧的；卑鄙的，不正当的

aggravate 加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economy

aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weapon

allied 结盟的，有关联的 allied nations

allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowance

alter 改变，更改 alter an attitude

alternate 交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.

arouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry.

array 排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.

articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.

shatter n.碎片；粉碎　v.粉碎；使疲惫；使震骇

shove vt.乱推；乱塞 vi.用力推，挤 n.猛推

shuttle n.往返汽车/列车/飞机；穿梭 v.往返穿梭

adverse 不友好的，敌对的 She felt adverse to her husband's friends.

advocate 拥护，提倡，主张 advocate self-defence

aesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美 an aesthetic theory

affliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company

affirm 断言，申明 affirm the truth of a statement

artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的 artificial price controls

ascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高 The airplane ascended into the cloud.

ascertain 查明，弄清，确定 I ascertained that he was dead.

ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的 I am ashamed for being so stupid.

ashore 向岸，向陆地 He swam ashore.

aside 在旁边 We stood aside to let her pass.

assault 攻击，袭击 We made an assault on the enemy fort.

assemble 集合，召集 assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting.

assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言 He asserted his innocence.

assess 估价，评价，评论 assess the present state of the economy

assign 分配，布置（作业） The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson.

assimilate 吸收，消化 He is quick to assimilate new ideas.

associate （使）联系，（使）结合 We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.

bar 条，块，杆，棒, 酒吧 a bar of gold

beforehand 预先，事先 If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.

bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂 I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.

**第12天任务**

boom 低沉有回响的声音 The great bell tolled with a deep boom.

bore 钻孔，挖（通道） bore through a wall

bounce 弹起，反弹 The ball doesn’t bounce well.

sovereign a.独立的，有主权的 n.君主，国王，统治者

spacious adj.广阔的，宽敞的

spectrum n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

spicy a.加很多香料的；(口味)浓郁的

spine n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊

bound 跳跃，弹回 She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.

boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加 boycott uncooperative manufactures

brace 托架，支架 He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.

breed （使）繁殖 Rabbits breed families rapidly.

bribe 贿赂 accept(或take)a bribe from sb.

anchor 锚 The anchor catches (drags).

annoy 使恼怒，使生气 She was annoyed at (with) his lightheard attitude.

annual 每年的，年度的 the annual output of steel

anonymous 匿名的，无名的 an anonymous letter (phone call)

anticipate 预期，预料 The directors anticipated a fall in demand (that demand would fall).

apart 成零碎 Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings.

apparent 显然的，明明白白的 It was apparent that they all understood.

brisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pace

brittle 易碎的，一碰就破的 brittle glass

accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚 accumulate wisdom

accurate 准确的，精确的 an accurate estimate

accuse 指控，指责 They accused her publicly of stealing their books.

activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动 They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed.

bump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.

burst 爆炸，爆裂 The boiler burst.

casual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meeting

cease 停止，终止，结束 The music ceased suddenly.

certify 证明，证实 The accounts were certified (as) correct.

challenge 向...挑战 Our school challenged the local champion team to a football match.

character （事物的）性质，特质 The furniture in Tom’s apartment was pretentious and without character.

secure 安全的，可靠的，有把握的 a castle ～from attack

sensible 明知的，合情理的 a ～ choice

appoint 任命，委派 They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster.

appraise 估量，估计 appraise the infant's weight

appreciate 感激 I appreciated your help much.

apprehend 对...担心 Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?

appropriate 恰当的，相称的 Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.

approve 赞成，同意 I couldn't approve his conduct.

approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的 The approximate time is 10 o'clock.(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

**第13天任务**

apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes.

arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的 an arbitrary choice

arise 起立，起身 arise from one's seat

charge 要（价），收（费） The airlines charge half price for students.

charm 魅力，魔力 This thriving resort town has retained its village charm.

chase 追逐，追求 The police chased the escaping thief and caught him at last.

check 使突然停止，制止 check one’s steps

cherish 珍爱，珍视 cherish one’s native land

chew 嚼，咀嚼 He chewed a mouthful of meat.

choke 窒息，噎住 be choked by smoke

bias 偏见，偏心 have a bias against sb.(或sth.)

blame 责备，责怪 Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray.

blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of wind

blaze 火焰 The fire sprang into a blaze.

aggravate 加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economy

aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weapon

allied 结盟的，有关联的 allied nations

allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowance

alter 改变，更改 alter an attitude

alternate 交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.

arouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry.

array 排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.

articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.

boast 自吹自擂，自夸的话 He is full of boasts.

bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and bolts

confuse 使混乱，混淆 He confused the arrangements by arriving late.

corrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt life

count数,计算: count the money

course课程,科目:an English course

courtesy 谦恭有礼。有礼的举止（或）言辞：come in without courtesy

credit信任，可信性；学分I have full credit in your ability to do the job。

shade 荫，荫凉处The group of trees provide some ～ from the sun

sham假装，虚伪 Her illness was a ～ to gain sympathy

shear 剪，修剪 ～ a lawn

shed 流 ～ one’s blood for one’s country

sheer 完全的，十足的 ～ nonsense

shelter 掩蔽处，躲避处 a bus ～(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

connect 连接，连接 The bridge connects the island with(或to) the mainland.

conscious 意识到的，自觉地 They were conscious that he disapproved.

consent 同意，赞同，准许 The people will never consent to another war.

conserve 保护，保藏，保存 conserve natural resources

consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms.

consolidate 巩固，加强 consolidate one’s position

conspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的 He felt as conspicuous as if he had stood on a stage.

**第14天任务**

contrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary view

contrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the two forms of government

contribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity every payday

contrive设计,想出:contrive a new method

corrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidence that must exist between buyer and seller

dawn 黎明，拂晓 work from dawn to dark

dazzle （强光等）使目眩，耀眼：He was dazzled by his sudden success.

deceive 欺骗，蒙蔽：deceive oneself

decent 体面的，像样的:She didn’t have a decent dress for the ball.

decline 拒绝，谢绝：We sent him an invitation but he declined.

appeal 呼吁，恳求 I appealed to the children to make less noise.

applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好 The audience applauds the performers for three minutes.

apply 涂，敷 He applied two coats of paint to the table.

chorus 合唱队

chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的 chronic indigestion

clarity 澄清，阐明 clarify an issue

cling 粘着 The frightened child clung to her mother.

clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boy

monitor 班长 ；监控

mortgage 抵押（借款）He will have to ～ his land for a loan.

motion 动，运动the ～ of the planets

motive 动机，目的be proper in～

mount登上， 爬上～ the steps

cluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster of tourists

clutch 紧抓，紧握 clutch at an opportunity

coherent 一致的，协调的 lack coherent political goals

cure 治愈，医治：this medicine cured him of his pains。

cut 切，割，剪，砍，削; The Mayor cut the ribbon to open a trade exhibition.

screen 屏，幕，帘 a folding ～

decompose 分解，腐烂，腐败：decompose a compound into its elements.

dedicate 奉献，把。。。用在（to）: The doctor dedicated himself to finding a cure.

deduce 演绎，推论：From her conversation, I deduced that she had a large family.

define 解释，给。。。下定义: People define him as a genius.

deform(使)变形：Heat deforms plastic.

constant 经常的，不断的 a constant noise

constitute 组成，构成 constitute a threat to sb.

consult 请教，与......商量 consult a doctor about one’s illness

consume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in reading

contact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sb

contain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve items

contaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the air

calculate 计算，推算 calculate the distance between New York and Chicago

call 喊，叫 Please call the names of all the people who are present.

cancel 取消，废除，删去 cancel a trip

capture 俘虏，捕获 capture butterflies

assume 假定，假设 Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming (that) the weather si favarable.

assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证

assurance 保证，把握，信心 He gave me his assurance that he would help.(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

astonish 使惊讶 I was astonished at his sudden appearance.

attach 系，贴，连接 attach a label to a suitcase

attain 达到，获得 attain one’s goal

attend 出席，参加（会议等） attend a wedding

attendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率 Our class has perfect attendance today.

attentive 注意的，专心的 an attentive audience

attribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work.

auxiliary 辅助的 an auxiliary rocket

**第15天任务**

avail 有利于，有助于 Will force alone avail us?

average 平均数，平均 The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.

avert 挡开，防止，避免 Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.

ban （以官方明令）禁止，取缔 He was banned from entering the city.

bang （突发的） sudden loud bang

cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷 cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a scheme

contempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sb

contest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for the control of the region

contract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact with

contradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theory

defy 公然违抗，反抗：He was going ahead defying all difficulties.

degenerate 衰退，堕落，变坏（into）: Her eyesight degenerated with the years.

deliberate 慎重的，深思熟虑的：The government is taking deliberate action to lower prices.

denote 表示，是。。。的标志，意思是：A frown often denotes displeasure.

correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds to anticipation

correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondent

corresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprints

compact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggage

compare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tuned machine

compatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的 You should choose a roommate more compatible to your tastes.

detain 留住，担搁：be detained by business.

detect （当场）发现（某人在干坏事）:detect a student cheating

deteriorate （使）恶化,(使)变坏,(使)退化: Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate.(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

deviate 背离，偏离：deviate from the rule

devote 将...献给（to）:Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick.

compile 汇编，编制 compile an anthology of poems

comply 遵从，顺从，服从 comply with rules(safety regulations)

compose 组成，构成 England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.

compress 压缩 He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentences

comprise 包含，包括 The shipyard comprises three docks.

compromise 妥协，折衷 compromise over the hard-fought next.

confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇 The war confronted him with hardships.

crucial 决定性的，关键性的：a crucial decision

cue 提示，暗号，信号：throw cues to sb

cultivate耕作，栽培，养殖：cultivate vegetables

differentiate 使不同，使有差别，区分，区别：differentiate varieties of plants

diffuse 扩散（气体，液体等）：The colors of the sunset were diffused across the sky.

disgust 厌恶，恶心：feel disgust for bad odors

disperse 分散，驱散，散去：Police dispersed the rioters with tear gas

displace 移动。。。的位置：Many of the inhabitants were displaced by the rising floodwaters

dispose 布置，整理:The stores disposed the jewellery in an attractive display

disregard 不理会，不顾：Disregard the noise and keep working

distinct 有区别的，不同的：Three distinct types of people

distort 扭歪，扭曲：a face distorted by (或with)pain

distract 使转向：be distracted from one’s original purpose

distribute 分配，分发：distribute the prizes among the winners

eliminate排除,消除:eliminate the exploitation of man by man

elite出类拔萃的人(或物),精华:the elite of the society

eloquent雄辩的,口才流利的,有说服力的:an eloquent spokesman

embark上船(或飞机,汽车等):embark for Europe at New York harbor

embody使具体化,表现:embody principles in actions

embrace拥抱:She embraced her son tenderly

enlighten 启发,使摆脱偏见(或迷信)Would you enlighten me on your plans for the future?

enroll 吸收(成员),招生:The school enrolled about 300 pupils last year

**第16天任务**

ensure 保证,担保:His industriousness and ability will ensure his success

diminish 减少，降低：His illness diminished his strength.

diplomat 外交家，外交官，圆滑的人：a career diplomat

discard 丢弃，抛弃：discard an old pair of shoes

discern 看出，觉察出：We could discern from his appearance that he was upset.

disclose 揭露，透露，使公开：disclose information to sb.

discharge 释放：The judge found him not guilty and discharged him.

discount 把（价格，费用等）打折扣，削价出售：The store discounts 3 per cent on all bills paid when due.

discriminate 区别，辨别：It’s difficult to discriminate between the twin brothers.

disgrace 丢脸，耻辱：bring disgrace on oneself

entertain 给。。。娱乐,使有兴趣:The child is entertaining himself with his building blocks

entitle 给。。。权利,给。。。资格(to):Robert was entitled to see the documents

equivalent 相等的,相同的:The misery of such a position is equivalent to its happiness

erase 擦掉,抹掉,消除:erase the chalk marks

erect 竖直的,垂直的,竖起的:an erect tree

erupt (火山,喷泉等)喷发:The volcano is due to erupt any day

essence 本质,实质,要素:Being thoughtful of others is the essence of politeness

eternal 永恒的,永存的,永久的:eternal truths

evaluate 估价,评价:evaluate property

evaporate (使)蒸发,(使)挥发:Heats evaporate water

exaggerate 夸张,夸大,对…言过其实:keep to the facts and don’t exaggerate

exceed 超出,胜过:Her performance exceeded all the others

external 外面的,外部的:external signs of a disease

descend 下来，下降：Darkness descended too soon.

extract取出,提取:extract a confession

extravagant奢侈的,浪费的:be extravagant in one’s way of living

fabricate 建造,制造:The finest craftsmen fabricated this clock

facilitate使变得(更)容易,使便利:Such a port would facilitate the passage of oil from the Middle East to Japan

fade (颜色)褪去:The color in this material will not fade

faint不清楚的,模糊的,微弱的:a faint idea

fancy想象力:Children usually have a lively fancy

fare车费,船费,飞机票价:full (half) fare

divorce 离婚，分离，脱离：sue for a divorce

dominate 分配，统治：a white dominated society

donate 捐赠，赠送：They donate to the Red Cross every year.

doom 命运，厄运，劫数：His doom was to be poverty.

doze 打瞌睡，打盹儿：The old lady dozed in her armchair.

drain 慢慢排去：drain water from a pool

dread 怕，畏惧:I dread to think of what may happen.

drift 漂流，漂泊：The sounds of music drifted up to us.

dubious 引起怀疑的，不确定的：a dubious reply

due 欠款的，应支付的：A great deal of money is due to you.

dump 倾倒，倾卸：He opened his bag and dumped its contents on the desk.

duplicate 完全一样的，复制的：a duplicate key

excess 超越,超过:an excess of supply over demand

execute 实行,实施,执行,履行:execute a plan

exemplify 例示,举例证明,是…的例证(或榜样等):The teacher exemplified the use of the word

exert 用力,尽力:exert all one’s strength

**第17天任务**

exhaust 汲空,抽完:exhaust a well

expand 扩大,扩展,膨胀:Reading(travel)expands one’s mind

expel 驱逐,赶走:expel an invader from a country

expend 花费,消费(on, in):They expended all their strength in (on) trying to climb out

expire 满期,届期,(期限)终止:His term of office expires this year

explicit 详尽的,明确的:give explicit directions

exploit英勇的或冒险的行为或事迹:The daring of exploit of the parachutists were much admired

exterior 外部的,外面的,外表的:exterior decorations

durable 耐用的：a durable fabric

dwell （dwelt 或 dwelled ）（尤指作为常住居民）居住: dwell on an island

economical节约的,节俭的,经济的: an economical stove

generate 产生，发生(电、热、光、力、摩擦力等)：generate electricity

genuine 真的，非人造的，名副其实的：genuine leather

gesture 手势，示意动作：raise one’s hands in a gesture of despair

confine 限制，使局限 They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.

confirm 证实，肯定 confirm a rumour

conflict （尤指长期的）战争，战斗 The conflict between Greece and Troy lasted ten years.

conform 遵照，适应 confirm to(或with) the rules(the law)

flourish 茂盛,繁荣,兴旺:Painting flourished in Italy in the fifteenth century

fluctuate波动,起伏:You can’t march in a straight line to the victory, you fluctuate it

flush 脸红:Her cheeks flushed red

forbid 不许,禁止:Wine is absolutely forbidden to all the children

forge锻炼:forge a horse-shoe out of an iron bar

glance 一瞥，扫视：take a glance at the newspaper headlines

glare 怒视，瞪眼：give the jury a glare

dense 稠密的，密集的:a dense forest

deposit 存放： She deposited her bag in the cloakroom.

depress 使沮丧，使消沉：That movie depressed me.

deprive 剥夺，使丧失：deprive sb. of his property

derive 取得，得到：He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father.(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

controversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversy

convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at a convention

convert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gas

convey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric current

convict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted of smuggling

coordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agencies

cordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation)

glimpse 一瞥，一看：have a glimpse of (into)sth

glitter 闪闪发亮(或发光)，光彩夺目，闪耀：His language glitters with marvelous words

glory 光荣，荣誉：The soldiers hoped to win glory on the battle field

glow 发热，发光，发红：the fire glowing in the darkness

gossip 流言蜚语：give rise to gossip

govern 统治，管理：govern a nation

grace 优美：She ran well, grace in every movement

graduate (使)大学毕业：graduate from college

grant 同意，准予：grant a request

grease 油脂，动物脂：the grease spot on the envelope

heal 治愈，愈合：heal the sick

heap (一)堆：a big heap of books

hedge (矮树)树篱：a quickset hedge

**第18天任务**

highlight 使显著，使突出：Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output

fracture 裂缝,裂痕: a fracture in the pipe

frequent时常发生的,频繁的:His trips to France are less frequent now

frown 皱眉:frown at sb

frustrate 挫败,阻挠,使灰心,使无效:frustrate a plan

fulfill (fulfilled, fulfilling)履行,实现,完成: fulfill a contract

furnish供应，提供：furnish blankets for the refugees

fury狂怒，暴怒：fly into a fury

fuss大惊小怪，乱忙，小题大做：make much fuss over losing a penny

hinder妨碍，阻止：Bad weather hindered travel

hint 暗示：drop(give ,throw out)a hint(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

enforce实施,使生效:The principal enforced the rules of the school

engage (用契约诺言等)约束,使订婚:He engaged himself as an apprentice to a printer

enhance 提高(价格,质量,吸引力等),增加,增强:enhance one’s reputation

figure 数字:according to official figures

finance 财政,金融:skill in finance

finite 有限的,有限制的:a finite number of facts

flare (火焰)闪耀,(摇曳不定地)燃烧:candle flaring in the wind

flash 闪光,闪烁:a flash of lighting

flat平坦的,扁平的:a flat land

inaccessible 达不到的：The two rocks at the top of the steep hill is at first sight inaccessible

incline倾斜：The shaft inclines almost thirty degree

incorporate 包含，吸收：His book incorporates his earlier essays

incur 招致，引起，遭受：incur sb’s displeasure(envy)

modify 修改，更改 ～a law

momentary 片刻的，瞬息的 a ～ feeling of fear

designate 指明，表明：designate boundaries

desolate 荒芜的，不毛的：desolate land

despise 蔑视，鄙视：He despises flattery.

detach 拆卸：They detached their trailer and set up camp.

diagnose 诊断，判断：The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.

dictate 口授，使听写：dictate a letter to a secretary

coincide 相符，相一致 100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit.

collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作 He and I collaborated in writing plays.

collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解 The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.

collide 碰撞，互撞 The car collided with the truck.

commemorate 纪念，庆祝 commemorate a holiday

commend 表扬，称赞 commend a soldier for bravery

extinct (火等)熄灭了的:an extinct cigarette(fire)

extinguish熄灭,扑灭:extinguish a cigarette(candle)

multiply 乘，相乘～ 7 and 8

muscle 肌肉 facial ～s

mutual 相互的， 彼此的 ～ aid

narrate 叙述，讲述 ～ the story of sb’s life

negligent 疏忽的，大意的 be ～ about traffic regulations

indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的：The actress was at the columnist’s personal questions

indispensable 必不可少的，必需的(to. for)： Oxygen is indispensable to life

induce 引诱，劝使：Nothing will induce me to do that

infer (根据已知事实等)推断，推定(from)：From his grades I inferred that he was a good student

ingenious (人,头脑等)灵巧的，足智多谋的：an ingenious designer

instant 紧急的，急迫的，立即的，即刻的：be in instant need of help

institute 学会，协会，学院，研究院：an institute for the blind

insulate 隔音，使隔绝(以免受到影响)：We are not insulated from the real world the way we were

insult 侮辱，辱骂：She insulted him by calling him a coward

flatter奉承,使高兴:I feel greatly flattered by your invitation

**第19天任务**

flee逃走,逃掉:The enemy troops fled in utter confusion

flexible柔韧易,弯曲的:flexible cord

fling(用力)扔,掷,抛,丢:fling sb into prison

hoist 举起，升起，吊起：The war hoisted prices

hold 拿着，抓住：The girl is holding the baby in her arms

homogeneous 同种类的，同性质的，有相同特征的：homogeneous parts

horizon 地平(线)：The sun has sunk below the horizon

hospital 好客的，殷勤的，热情友好的：be hospital to the homeless

hostile 敌人的，敌方的：a hostile army

withstand 经受，承受 ～hardships

speculate 推测，推断 I cannot ～ on their motives for doing this

spill 溢出，溅出 The ship ～ed oil while in port

spin 纺制 ～ cotton into yarn

spit 吐出 He was ～ting out the husks of sunflower seeds on the floor

splash 溅泼A passing car ～ed my dress

split 劈开，切开，裂开 ～ the firewood with an axe

spoil 损坏，毁掉 It would ～ my reputation

sponsor 发起者，主办者，保证人，赞助者the ～ of the annual Christmas parade

spot斑点，污点 a blue tie with ～s

spray 浪花，水花 The new shower heads reduce ～ and waste less water

sprout 抽条，发芽，长出 The seeds we planted finally ～ed

spur 靴刺，踢马刺a pair of ～s

renovate 修复，整修 ～ a two storey building

repel 击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 ～ the enemy

repent 后悔，懊悔 ～of a thoughtless act

replace 代替，取代，更换The calculator is rapidly replacing the abacus

transmit 播送，发射 ～ a match live

transparent 透明的 Glass is ～

transplant 移植，移种，移居 ～ a human heart into a patient

treasure 财宝，财富 dig for buried ～

trend 倾向，趋势an upward ～ of prices

trick 诡计，骗局 He got the money by a ～

trifle 琐事，小事 One should not get angry about such a ～

trim 整齐的，整洁的 ～ lawns

triple 三倍的，三重的，三部分的，三方的Black unemployment rate runs ～ the figure for whites

triumph 胜利 a ～ over the enemy

trivial 琐碎的，不重要的，无价值的 ～ matters

tuck 夹入，藏入 He ～ed the letter in a book so he wouldn’t lose it

tug （用力）拖或拉He tugged the door but it wouldn’t open

stroke 敲，打，鸣 drive in a nail with one ～ of the hammer

tend 趋向，倾向 Interest rates are ～ing upwards

tender 嫩的 a ～ piece of meat(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

represent 代表，象征To many local people these castles ～ a hundred years of foreign domination

reproach 责备，指责，斥责 mute ～

scratch 抓，刮，擦 The cat ～ed me with its claws

shield 盾，保护物，防御物 They piled more sand on top as a ～

snob 势力的人，谄上欺下的人 a ～ of the first water

soak 湿透，浸湿，浸泡 You shouldn’t have gone out in the rain－your clothes are ～ing

sober 未醉的 A driver must stay ～

sophisticated 老于世故的 a young man quite ～ for his age

sore 痛的，痛苦的，痛心的touch sb on a ～ place

sow 播种 This plot of land was sown with maize

**第20天任务**

spark 火花，火星 The firework burst into a shower of ～s

sparkle 发光，闪耀 Her eyes were sparkling with anger

tentative 试验性的，试探性的，暂时的，推测的 a ～plan

terminate 停止，结束，使终止 ～ a contract

terrify 使害怕，使惊吓 She was terrified out of her wits

testify 作证，证明 He agreed to ～ on behalf of the accused man

humble 地位(或身份)低下的，卑贱的：a humble job

hysterical 情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里的 an hysterical outburst of fury

identical 同一的：the same (very)identical menu

identify 识别，鉴别：He identified the coat as his brother’s

idle 闲散的，闲置的：idle money

ignite点燃，使燃烧：ignite a stove fire with scraps of paper

impose 征(税)，加(负担，惩罚等)于(on, upon)：impose additional tax on business expansion

impulse 推动，驱动：give an impulse to the development of the friendly relations between the two countries

intact 完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的：an intact family

integrate使成一体，使合并(with, into)：integrate traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine

interfere 妨碍，冲突(with)：Misty weather interfered with the contact

intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的，周期性的：suffer from intermittent headaches

hazard 危险，危害物，危险之源：a life full of hazards

label 标签，标记，标号：put labels on your luggage

lag 走得慢，落后，滞留：Some of the runners began to lag

latent 潜在的，隐伏的，不易觉察的：a latent infection

leak 漏洞，裂缝：The pipe has got a leak

lean 斜，倾斜 the Leaning tower of Pisa

initiate 开始，发起：initiate a conversation

innovate 革新，改革，创新(in,on/upon)：innovate on another’s creation

inquire 询问，打听：He inquired what the weather was likely to be

insert 插入，嵌入：In the pause he managed to inquire a question

inspire 鼓舞，激起：His speech inspires the crowd

tumble 跌到，滚下The baby is just learning to walk and he’s always tumbling over

tune 曲调，曲子 She wrote the words of the song and her brother wrote the ～

turbulent 骚乱的，动荡的，混乱的，狂暴的a ～ crowd

turn 转动，旋转Turn the hands of the clock until they point to 9 O’clock

tutor 家庭教师，指导教师 When the students are making their choices, their ～ may well guide them

twinkle 闪烁，闪耀，闪亮 The diamond on her finger ～d in the firelight

twist 捻，搓，绞，拧 ～ a rope out of threads

whistle 吹口哨，鸣笛 The train ～d

whitewash 粉饰

wholesome 有益于健康的 ～ surroundings

wicked 坏的，邪恶的，淘气的，恶作剧的 ～ habits

tease 戏弄，取笑 The boy is teasing the cat

tedious 单调乏味的，冗长的，罗嗦的a ～ debate

liable 会……的，有……倾向的 We are all liable to make mistakes

liberal 慷慨的，大方的 a liberal donation

limp 软的，松沓的 a young man in a limp gray sweater

linger逗留，徘徊 The children lingered at the zoo until closing time

lubricate 使润滑 lubricate the skin with cold cream

lump块，小方块 a lump of coal

**第21天任务**

macroscopic肉眼可见的

magnet 磁铁，磁铁石 The pin was extracted with a magnet

magnify 放大，扩大 I want to magnify this picture

maintain 维持，保持 maintain law and order

malfunction 发生功能障碍，发生障碍 If the computer malfunctions it fails to work properly

maltreat 粗暴地对待，虐待 We’ll not intervene unless the children are being physically maltreated

manifest 显然的，明了的manifest superiority

model 模型，原形 build airplane ～s

nominal 名义的，有名无实的 a ～ leader

nominate 提名 a ～ leader

noteworthy值得注意的，显著的a ～ day

intervene 插入，介入：A week intervenes between Christmas and New Year’s Day

intricate 错综复杂的，复杂精细的：A detective story usually has an intricate plot

invert 使反向，使倒转，使颠倒：The magician inverted the bag to show it was empty

irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的(of) ：irrespective of consequences

irritate 激怒，使恼怒，使烦躁：be irritated by sb’s insolence

justify 证明。。。正当或有理,正确：Such behavior is justified on these grounds

knit 编织，编结：She’s knitting her husband a sweater

greet 问候，招呼：greet sb with a nod

grieve 使悲伤，使伤心：The little girl grieved over her kitten’s death

grind (ground)磨，磨碎，碾碎：grind wheat into flour

grip 抓紧，紧握：Fear gripped his heart

gross 总的，毛的：gross income

guarantee 保证，保证书，保单：Wealth is no guarantee of happiness

hail 欢呼，喝彩：The crowd hailed the actress with joy

halt (行进中的)暂停前进，中止，终止：The car came to a sudden halt

hamper 妨碍，阻碍：hamper sb from getting elected

handicap 障碍，不利条件：Poor eyesight is a handicap to a student

haste 急速，急忙，仓促，草率： Why all this haste?

hatch 孵，孵出：hatch (out) chickens

manipulate (熟练地)操作 Mr. Smith manipulated the ivory chopsticks with great dexterity(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

mature 熟的，成熟的 a mature fruit

melt 使融化，使熔化 The sun melted the snow

mend 修理，修补 mend clothes

merit 长处，优点，价值，功绩 merits and demerits

migrate 移居(尤指移居国外)，迁移 migrate to another country

minimum 最低限度，最少量，最低点

minor 较小的，较少的，较不重要的

mislead 把……引错方向，把……引入歧途

moan 呻吟声，呜咽声 Each time she moved her leg she let out a ～ .

mobilize 动员 Our country’s in great danger, we must ～ the army.

mock 嘲笑，嘲弄 He had ～ed her modest ambitions.

ornament 装饰品，点缀品 We bought ～s for the Christmas tree

orthodox 正统的，正宗的 an ～ economic theory

outline轮廓，外形 He saw the ～ of a house against the sky

overflow 泛滥 Every spring the river ～s

overhaul 大修，全面检查，彻底革新～ a faulty machine

overhear 偶然听到，偷听到I wouldn’t like to be ～d

occupy 占用，占有My books ～ a lot of space

occur 发生，存在，出现 when did the earthquake ～?

odd的奇数的，单的，奇怪的One ,three five are ～numbers

wicked 坏的，邪恶的，淘气的，恶作剧的 ～ habits

wind 绕，缠The snake wound around a branch

**第22天任务**

wire 金属丝，金属线steel ～

withdraw 抽回，收回，提取 She withdrew her eyes from the terrible sight

withhold 使停止，阻挡 be obliged to ～ one’s pen

withstand 经受，承受 ～hardships

witness 目击者，见证人a ～ of the accident

offend 冒犯，使生气 She was afraid of ～ing anyone.

offence 犯法行为，过错 They were arrested for drug ～s.

offset 补偿，抵消They gains ～the losses.

omit 省略，删去 Minor points may be omitted.

overlap 重叠，部分相同 The Renaissance overlapped the later Middle Ages

overtake 赶上，超过 He ran out of the door to ～ her

overthrow 推翻，打倒 a plot to ～ the government

overwhelm 征服，压倒，毁坏 He took 45% of the ballots and ～ed his two main rivals

pace 步，步速，步伐 He took three ～s forward

pack 包，包裹 The climber carried some food in a ～ on his back

pad 垫，衬垫 a seat ～(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

pant 气喘，气喘吁吁地说话 He ～ed along beside the bicycle

parallel 平行的 The road is ～ to the river

patent 专利，专利权，专利品 take out a ～ for an invention

pattern 模范，榜样 set the ～ for

periodical 期刊，杂志 a ～ room

perish 卒，丧生～ from disease

perpetual 永久的，永恒的，长期的 a ～ arms race

pool 水池，游泳池 a swimming ～

notorious 臭名昭著的a ～ thief

notwithstanding 虽然，尽管 They traveled on,～ the storm

nourish养育Milk is all we need to ～our small baby

numb 麻木的，失去感觉的 fingers ～ with cold

object 物体，事物 cultural ～s

objective 目的，宗旨 political ～s

oblige 强迫，迫使 In certain countries the law ～s parents to send their children to school

obscure 晦涩的，费解的 an ～ text

nasty 龌龊的，肮脏的 a～ room

necessitate 使成为必须，需要 The emergency ～d a change in plans.

necessity 必要（性），（迫切）需要 There is no ～ for disappointment.

neglect 忽视，忽略 ～ one’s health

obsolete 废弃的，淘汰的 Wooden warships are ～.

obstinate 顽固的，固执的，倔强的The girl would go her own way, in spite of all warnings

occasion 时刻，场合They met on three ～s

opaque 不透明的A brick wall is ～.

optimistic 乐观的，乐观主义的

option 选择权 It is your ～ to take it or leave it

orient 东方，东方国家 political theory in the West and in the Orient

origin 起源，由来 a word of Latin ～

portable 便于携带的，手提式的，轻便的This little TV is extremely ～

pose 姿势，样子 The model was asked to adopt various ～s for the photographer

postpone 延迟，延缓，延期 We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer

potential 潜在的，可能的 That hole in the road is a ～ danger

**第23天任务**

rally 集合，团结 ～ public opinion in favor of price controls

paralyze 使瘫痪，使麻痹 A stroke ～d half his face

partial 偏向一方的，偏袒的，偏爱的 A parent should not be ～ to any one of his children

participate 参与，参加，In a modern democracy people want to ～ more fully

particular 特殊的，特别的 a matter of ～ importance

pat (用掌或扁平物)轻拍，轻打She patted a place next to her for me to sit down

patch 补钉，补片 patches at elbows of a jacket

hip n.臀部，髋；屋脊

pave 铺路，铺砌，铺筑 ～ a road with concrete

hum v.哼曲子；发嗡嗡声；忙碌n.嗡嗡声，嘈杂声

profound 很深的 a ～ sleep

prohibit 禁止 Tourist class passengers are ～ed from using the first class lounge

prolong 延长，拉长，拖延 a means of ～ing life

prominent 突起的，凸出的 a ～ forehead

prompt 敏捷的，迅速的 He is ～ on the job

pour 倒，注，灌，倾泻，涌流 He began to ～ with sweat

preach 讲道，布道 ～ to a packed church

preside 主持，主管(at, over) The vice chairman of the board will ～ at today’s meeting

press 按，挤，压 ～ the bell

presume 推测，假定，假设 From the way they talked, I ～d them to be married

prevail 流行，盛行 This custom still ～s among members of the older generation

prey 被捕食的动物，捕获物 The lion seized its ～ and ate it

prick 一刺，一扎 The boy burst the balloon with a ～ of the needle

proceed （尤指停顿或打断后）继续进行 The train ～ed at the same speed as before

proclaim 宣告，宣布，声明 ～ war

propose提议，建议 When she was very ill ,her lawyer has ～d to her that she might like to make a will

prosper 兴旺，繁荣，昌盛，成功 His farm ～ed through good management

provoke 挑动，激起，导致 He tried to ～ them into fighting

radiate（光，热等）辐射，发射 The sun ～s light and heat

radical 根本的，基本的a ～ error

humiliate v.使羞辱，使丢脸\[同\]disgrace

lapse n.失误；(时间的)流逝 vi.逐渐下降；终止

laptop n.小型计算机

perplex 使困惑，使茫然 The question ～ed him

persecute 虐待，残害，迫害 ～ animals

perspective 透视画法，透视图 a lesson in drawing class on ～

pessimistic 悲观的 I am ～ about my chances of getting the job

petition 请愿，请愿书 get up a ～

pierce 刺入，刺穿，穿透 The thorn ～d his heel

pilot 飞行员，驾驶员

pin 大头针，别针

pinch 捏，拧，夹 I ～ed myself to make sure I wasn’t dreaming

plausible 论点等貌似有理的 a ～ excuse

plead 恳求，请求 His parents ～ed that he should be given one more chance(加微信号：kaoyanyun)

pledge 保证，誓言，誓约 fulfill one’s ～

plot 小块土地 a vegetable ～

plug 塞子，栓 He wears rubber ～s in his ears when he swims

**第24天任务**

plunge 猛地投入或插入 He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and ～d in

pocket 衣袋，口袋，袋子 a change ～

polish 擦光，擦亮 Polish your shoes with a brush

poll 民意测验 A recent ～ shows a change in public opinion

layman n.俗人，外行，门外汉

random胡乱的，任意的，随意的，a ～talk

range 排，行，一系列 a ～ of buildings

rank排，行，列 the ～s of great pines

rate 比率，率 Velocity is the ～ of change of distance with respect to time

reap 收割，收获 ～ the rice in the field

rear 后部，后边，背部a garden at the ～ of the house

recall 回忆，回想I ～ seeing a poster on his wall

reciprocal 相互的，交互的 ～ respect

reckon 计算，数 ～ the days till Christmas

hurl vt.猛投，力掷；大声叫骂

hurricane n.飓风 ；十二级风

hypocrisy n.伪善，虚伪

ideology n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

infrastructure n.基础结构，基础设施

inhale v.吸入(气体等)，吸(烟)

juvenile n.少年 a.青少年的，适合青少年的；幼稚的

kin n.家族，亲属 a.亲属关系的

reclaim 使改过，改造 ～ former criminals

recognize认出，识别 Dogs ～ people by their smell

recollect 回忆，想起 I am trying to ～ a forgotten address

recommend 推荐，称赞 He ～ed me for the post of headmaster

reconcile 使和解，使和好After each fight they ate soon ～d

recover 追回，重新得到The police ～ed stolen watch

recruit 招募（新兵）招收（新成员）try to ～300 men in two days

rectify纠正，改正，矫正 ～ the mistakes in a bill

refer 提到，谈到 Does the remark ～ to me

refine 提炼～ crude oil into various petroleum products

pump 泵 fill a bucket from the ～

pursue 追赶，追随，追求 He felt their eyes pursuing him

puzzle 难题，智力玩具，迷，迷惑 jigsaw ～

quality 质量，品级 merchandise of ～

quantity 数量，量 an increase in ～

quench 消除，平息，压制，扑灭 ～ hatred

queue一队人，一行列车 from a ～

quit 停止，放弃 It hasn’t ～ raining yet

peculiar 奇怪的，古怪的 He has always been a little ～

peel 削皮，剥皮 peel potatoes

penetrate 穿透，渗入 The nail ～d the wood at least two inches

perceive 感知，感觉，觉察 He was only able to ～ light and color ;he could not see properly

perfect 完美的，理想的 a ～ couple

perform 做，执行，完成～ an experiment

**第25天任务**

perfume 香水，香料，香气She loves French ～(s)

hop v.人单足跳;跳上(车等)n.蹦跳;短程飞行

hound n.猎狗；卑鄙的人 vt.用猎狗追，追逐

housing n.住房，住房供给；(外、阀)壳，防护罩

hover vi. 盘旋；徘徊

howl n.怒吼，嗥叫 vi.(风等)怒吼，咆哮

huddle vi.挤作一团；蜷缩vt.聚集n.挤在一起的人

quiver 颤抖，抖动 ～ with cold

quote引用，引述，援引 She ～d several verses to us

rack 架子，支架，搁架 a clothes ～

reform 改革，改良 He spend years trying to ～ the world

refresh 使恢复活力，使振作精神 Sleep ～es the body

refute驳斥，驳倒 The argument cannot be d at the moments

regenerate 使恢复，使复兴，再生The human body can ～ hair, nails, etc

regulate管理，控制，为……制订规章 The policeman ～d traffic at the intersection

reign 为王，统治In England ,the sovereign ～s but does not rule

reinforce 增援，加强 They hope to ～ their domination in these countries

rejoice 使感到高兴，使充满喜悦 The whole nation ～ over the victory

relate 讲述，叙述 She ～d the experience of a Chinese girl in the United States

relay 接力传送，传递 ～ a message

release 排放，释出 ～ a bomb from an aircraft

relevant 有关的，切题的I don’t think his remarks are ～ to our discussions

relieve 缓解，减轻，解除He smoked frequently to ～ nervous tension

rescue 营救，救援，搭救 ～ hostages held by the terrorists

resent 怨恨 ～ those unfair comments

reserve 保留，储备 We’ll the ticket for you till tomorrow noon

resign 辞职，引退 He ～ed from his post

resolve 决定，打定注意要 Have you ～d where to go next?

resort 求助，凭借，诉诸 ～ to sb for help

reverse 相反的，颠倒的，倒退的a ～ dictionary

revise 修订，校订 ～ a dictionary

revive 苏醒，复苏 He is dead and never will ～

ridiculous 可笑的，荒唐的，荒谬的 In this department of English girls outnumber boys in a ～ ratio

rigid 刚性的，坚硬的 a ～ piece of plastic

ripe 成熟的，时机成熟的 a ～ cluster of grapes

rot 腐烂，腐坏，腐朽，腐败，腐化Meat may ～ if it is not refrigerated

roundabout 绕道的，绕圈子的，不直接的 The car has to take a ～ course to avoid the flood

scan 细看，审视 ～ the doctor’s face for a sign of hope

scare 惊吓，恐惧 The thunder ～d the children

scatter 撒，撒播～ corn for the chickens

schedule 时间表，进度表 a fight ～

scheme 计划，方案 He suggested several ～s to increase sales

scold 责骂，训斥 Dad ～ed me for coming home late

scorn 轻蔑，鄙视 He ～s lying

scrap 碎片，零屑 ～s of bread

scrape 刮，擦 ～one’s chin

**总复习测试**

remark 评论，议论 (on, upon) It would be rude to ～ upon her appearance

remedy 治疗，治疗法，药品 a folk ～

spectacle 景象，奇观，壮观，场面 The burning house was a terrible ～

squeeze 榨，挤 ～ juice from oranges

stern 严厉的，苛刻的 a ～ punishment

stimulate 刺激，促使 ～ economic growth

ignore 不顾，不理，忽视：He who ignores history is doomed to repeat it

illuminate 照明，照亮，解释，启发，启迪：The room was poorly illuminated by one candle

illustrate (用图或例子)说明，阐明：A complicated rule can be illustrated by a simple example

immerse 使浸没：He immersed himself in the pool

shift 转移，移动 Don’t try to ～the blame onto me

shrewd 机灵的，敏锐的，精明的 a ～ guess

synchronize使同步，使结合，使协调 Their steps ～d

## taboo 禁忌，忌讳Movies producers attempted to break down all the ～s ##

tackle 用具，装备 shaving ～

transient 短暂的，转瞬即逝的 ～ happiness

simulate 假装，冒充 use tricks to ～ illness

sketch 素描，速写 make a ～ of a face in pencil

slack 不紧的，不严的 a ～ soft rope

slender 苗条的，修长的，细长的She is ～ and has long dark hair

edible可以吃的,可食用的:edible oil

elaborate精心计划(或制作)的,详尽的:an elaborate plot

elevate举起,提高,抬起:elevate the living standards of the people

fascinate强烈的吸引,迷住,使神魂颠倒:be fascinated with history

emigrate移居外国(或外地区):emigrate from Canada to Australia

emit发出,散发(光,热,电度,声音,液体,气味等),发射电子:The chimney emitted a cloud of smoke

endeavor (为达到某一目的而)努力,尝试:How much he endeavored, goal stayed unattained

compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subject

conceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 He concealed his disappointment from his friends.

conceive 构想出，设想 conceive an idea

restore 恢复，修复，康复 The temple has been ～d out of all recognition

restrain 抑制，遏止 ～ one’s anger

resume 重新开始，继续 When I quit golf, I ～d writing

rouse 惊起 The boat ～d wild ducks to flight

row 吵闹，争吵 What’s all this ～ about?

rub 擦，摩擦 He rubbed his eyes

rust 锈，铁锈 Iron gathers ～easily

ruthless 无情的，残忍的，冷酷的 a～ enemy

sack 麻袋，纸袋，塑料袋 a ～of cement

sacred 神圣的the ～ name of God

sacrifice 献祭，供奉 a law banning the ～ of animals

salute 敬礼，祝贺 ～ one’s superior officer

retain 保留，保持 ～the right to reply

reveal 揭示，揭露 I promise never to ～ his secret

revenge 报仇，复仇Man may destroy the balance of nature ,but ,from time to time, nature takes a terrible ～

concentrate 集中，专心 concentrate one’s attention

condemn 谴责 We all condemn cruelty to children.

condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁 condense a speech to half

confer 商谈，商议 confer with sb. Over (on, about, concerning) sth.

confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔 confess one’s crime

formulate规划(制度等),构想出(计划方法等)formulate a policy

gallop (马等的)飞跑，疾驰：The horse did a fine gallop during the race

gamble赌博：gamble at cards

gasp 喘气，喘息：speak between gasps

gear齿轮，传动装置，(排)档：interlock cogs and gears

generalize 归纳，概括:I don’t think you can generalize about what voters will do

**2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）**

**来源：文都教育**

**SectionⅠ Use of English**

**Directions:**

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark \[A\],\[B\], \[C\] or \[D\] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .

In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.

Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.

1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve

2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret

3.A.rise B.last C.hurt D.mislead

4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat

5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept

6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt

7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though

8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen

9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to

10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget

11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling

12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from

13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence

14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive

15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist

16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict

17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend

18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty

19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether

20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategies

**Section IIReading Comprehension**

**Part A**

**Directions:**

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing \[A\],\[B\], \[C\] or \[D\]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?

As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.

On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.

But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.

A.academic training

B.practical ability

C.pioneering spirit

D.mechanical memorization

22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.

A.have a stereotyped mind

B.have no career motivation

C.are financially disadvantaged

D.are not academically successful

23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.

A.used to have more job opportunities

B.used to have big financial concerns

C.are entitled to more educational privileges

D.are reluctant to work in manufacturing

24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.

A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

C.indicates the overvaluing of higher education

D.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.

A.tolerant

B.cautious

C.supportive

D.disappointed

Text 2

While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.

A.is progressing notably

B.is as extensive as in Europe

C.faces many challenges

D.has proved to be impractical

28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .

A.wind is a widely used energy source

B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C.tech giants are investing in clean energy

D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?

A.Its application has boosted battery storage.

B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.

A.will bring the US closer to other countries

B.will accelerate global environmental change

C.is not really encouraged by the US government

D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．

The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．

31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.

A.digital products

B.user information

C.physical assets

D.quality service

32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.

A.worsen political disputes

B.mess up customer records

C.pose a risk to Facebook users

D.mislead the European commission

33.According to the author,competition law.

A.should serve the new market powers

B.may worsen the economic imbalance

C.should not provide just one legal solution

D.cannot keep pace with the changing market

34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.

A.they are not defined as customers

B.they are not financially reliable

C.the services are generally digital

D.the services are paid for by advertisers

35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.

A.a win-win business model between digital giants

B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants

C.the benefits provided for digital giants’customers

D.the relationship between digital giants and their users

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”

“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...\[idleness\]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.

Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

A.keep to your focus time

B.list your immediate tasks

C.make specific daily plans

D.seize every minute to work

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

A.distractions may actually increase efficiency

B.daily schedules are indispensable to studying

C.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

D.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected

38. According to Newport, idleness is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

A.a desirable mental state for busy people

B.a major contributor to physical health

C.an effective way to save time and energy

D.an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

A.can result in psychological well-being

B.canbring about greater efficiency

C.is aimed at better balance in work

D.is driven by task urgency

40. This text is mainly about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

A.ways to relieve the tension of busy life

B.approaches to getting more done in less time

C.the key to eliminating distractions

D.the cause of the lack of focus time

**Part B**

**Directions:**

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. Just say it

B. Be present

C. Pay a unique compliment

D. Name, places, things

E. Find the “me too”s

F. Skip the small talk

G. Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.

41.\_\_\_\_\_A\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.

42.\_\_\_\_\_\_F\_\_\_\_\_\_

It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43.\_\_\_\_\_E\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44.\_\_\_\_\_B\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.

45.\_\_\_\_\_D\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!

So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!

**Section Ⅲ Translation**

**46.Directions:**

Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.

【参考译文】

一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。他在“宇航员”那里画了线，但是又很快加上了“科学家”。他相信，如果他读的书够多，就可以任意选择他所喜欢的职业。所以他读了从百科全书到科幻小说非常多的书。他对于读书太过于痴迷以至于他的父母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁止读书政策”。

这个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他至今都没有停止过阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功的人士之一。如今，他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透漏自己一年至少阅读50本非小说书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界的运转方式。比尔盖茨说：“每一本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径”。

**Section ⅣWriting**

**Part A**

**47. Directions:**

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to

1）apologize and explain the situation, and

2）suggest a future meeting.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.

Do not write your address.（10 points）

【参考译文】

Dear Prof. Smith,

I am writing this letter in order to apologize to you for I have to cancel my travelling plan in your local city, and I will fail to visit you as I promised.

I really have kept our appointment in my mind all these days. However, when I was set out for the airport, I suddenly had a severe stomachache , so I have to go to the hospital to see a doctor. It’s unexpected and urgent and I must go.I am extremely sorry that I cannot keep my promise, but I wonder whether I couldhave another appointment with you on next weekend if you are available.

I am looking forward to your early reply. I apologize to you more than I can say. Please forgive me.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

**Part B**

48. Directions：

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should

1）interpret the chart and

2）give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）

【参考范文】

As is depicted by the pie chart, the author is trying to show factors why consumers choose a restaurant in a certain city. According to the data reflected by the chart, it is not hard to see that speciality can be the most important factor to choose a canteen for consumers, which takes up 36.38%. however, other factors including service, environment and price account for 26.8%, 23.8% and 8.4% respectively. Thesestatistics reflect an thought-provoking phenomenon.

There are two reasons accounting for this situation reflected by the chart above. The most important factor we should take into consideration is the rapid economic development and the growth of purchasing power, which can explain the reason why the price takes up the smallest proportion in these factors when consumers choose canteen. Moreover, there is no deny in saying that an increasing number of people are paying closer attention to the new taste and fresh feeling which lead to the result that a large group of people choose restaurants according to the level of speciality.

Based on the analysis made above, it is safe to say that there is a tendency for people to choose a canteen largely depend on the speciality in the coming years. On the contrary, people will continue to pay increasingly less attention on the price.

**2018考研英语（一）真题及参考答案（完整版）**

**来源：文都教育**

**Section I Use of English**

**Directions:**

***Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)***

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3.

4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.

11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.

1. \[A\] on \[B\] like \[C\] for \[D\] from

2. \[A\] faith \[B\] concern \[C\] attention \[D\] interest

3. \[A\] benefit \[B\] debt \[C\] hope \[D\] price

4. \[A\] Therefore \[B\] Then \[C\] Instead \[D\] Again

5. \[A\]Until \[B\] Unless \[C\] Although \[D\] When

6. \[A\] selects \[B\] produces \[C\] applies \[D\] maintains

7. \[A\] consult \[B\] compete \[C\] connect \[D\] compare

8. \[A\] at \[B\] by \[C\]of \[D\]to

9. \[A\] context \[B\] mood \[C\] period \[D\] circle

10.\[A\] counterparts \[B\] substitutes \[C\] colleagues \[D\]supporters

11.\[A\] Funny \[B\] Lucky \[C\] Odd \[D\] Ironic

12.\[A\] monitor \[B\] protect \[C\] surprise \[D\] delight

13.\[A\] between \[B\] within \[C\] toward \[D\] over

14.\[A\] transferred \[B\] added \[C\] introduced \[D\] entrusted

15.\[A\] out \[B\] back \[C\] around \[D\] inside

16.\[A\] discovered \[B\] proved \[C\] insisted \[D\] .remembered

17.\[A\] betrayed \[B\]wronged \[C\] fooled \[D\] mocked

18.\[A\] forced \[B\] willing \[C\] hesitant \[D\] entitled

19.\[A\] In contrast \[B\] As a result \[C\] On the whole \[D\] For instance

20.\[A\] inflexible \[B\] incapable \[C\] unreliable \[D\] unsuitable

**Section II Reading Comprehension**

**Part A**

**Directions:**

***Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)***

**Text 1**

Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?

Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.

This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.

Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.

Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

21.Who will be most threatened by automation?

\[A\] Leading politicians.

\[B\]Low-wage laborers.

\[C\]Robot owners.

\[D\]Middle-class workers.

22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?

\[A\] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.

\[B\]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.

\[C\]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

\[D\]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided

23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on

\[A\] creative potential.

\[B\]job-hunting skills.

\[C\]individual needs.

\[D\]cooperative spirit.

24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at

\[A\] encouraging the development of automation.

\[B\]increasing the return on capital investment.

\[C\]easing the hostility between rich and poor.

\[D\]preventing the income gap from widening.

25.In this text, the author presents a problem with

\[A\] opposing views on it.

\[B\]possible solutions to it.

\[C\]its alarming impacts.

\[D\]its major variations.

**Text 2**

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.

26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on

\[A\] the justification of the news-filtering practice.

\[B\] people’s preference for social media platforms.

\[C\] the administrations ability to handle information.

\[D\] social media was a reliable source of news.

27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to

\[A\] sharpen

\[B\] define

\[C\] boast

\[D\] share

28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people

\[A\] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.

\[B\] verify news by referring to diverse resources.

\[C\] have s strong sense of responsibility.

\[D\] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”

29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is

\[A\] readers outdated values.

\[B\] journalists’ biased reporting

\[C\] readers’ misinterpretation

\[D\] journalists’ made-up stories.

30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

\[A\] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

\[B\] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend

\[C\] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.

\[D\] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.

**Text 3**

Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.

DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.

The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.

The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.

31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?

\[A\] It caused conflicts among tech giants.

\[B\] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.

\[C\] It fell short of the latter's expectations

\[D\] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.

32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with

\[A\] empty promises.

\[B\] tough resistance.

\[C\] necessary adjustments.

\[D\] sincere apologies.

33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

\[A\] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.

\[B\] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.

\[C\] making profits from patients' data is illegal.

\[D\] the value of data comes from the processing of it

34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is

\[A\] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.

\[B\] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.

\[C\] the uncontrolled use of new software.

\[D\] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is

\[A\] ambiguous.

\[B\] cautious.

\[C\] appreciative.

\[D\] contemptuous.

**Text 4**

The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality

And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.

If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.

36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by

\[A\]. its unbalanced budget.

\[B\] .its rigid management.

\[C\] .the cost for technical upgrading.

\[D\]. the withdrawal of bank support.

37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to

\[A\]. the interference from interest groups.

\[B\] .the inadequate funding from Congress.

\[C\] .the shrinking demand for postal service.

\[D\] .the incompetence of postal unions.

38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by

\[A\] .removing its burden of retiree health care.

\[B\] .making more investment in new vehicles.

\[C\] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.

\[D\]. attracting more first-class mail users.

39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with

\[A\] respect.

\[B\] tolerance.

\[C\] discontent.

\[D\] gratitude.

40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

\[A\] The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days

\[B\] The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese

\[C\] The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure

\[D\] The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid

**Part B**

**Directions:**

*The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)*

A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.

B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.

C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.

D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.

G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.

【答案】41. (E)→C →42. (G) →43. (A)→F→44. (B)→45. (D)

**Part C**

**Directions:**

*Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)*

Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48) but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

【参考译文】

46.到莎士比亚出生的年代，欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下新的戏剧形式的产生。

47. 每个进入文法学校学习的少年都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，这种文学形式赋予希腊和罗马以荣耀，并且可能给英国带来荣耀。

48. 但是这些专业公司在其永久剧院中兴起来了，进而，一些有文学抱负的大学生很快投身到这些当作谋生手段的剧院中。

49. 这些文学巨匠创造出了具有本土特色的文学戏剧，并使其与公共剧场结盟起来，至少一些伟大的传统已经开始了。

50. 为了认识到戏剧行为的伟大性，我们必须进一步牢记许多戏剧形式已经消失了，而且可能没有一位著名作家的全部作品得以存留至今。

**Section III Writing**

**Part A**

**51. Directions：**

Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.

You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEET

Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

【参考范文】

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing this letter in order to invite you to attend the forthcoming graduation ceremony.

The ceremony will be hosted in the auditorium on our campus, at 10 o'clock in the morning on next Monday, January 15. It is advisable for you to dress formal. Please let us know your decision as soon as possible so that we could send you further details concerned. Since you are so popular among us that we sincerely hope you could accept this invitation and give the graduates a wonderful memory of our campus.

If you are available, we request the honor of your company. It will be highly appreciated if you could give us an earliest favorable reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

**Part B**

**52. Directions：**

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should

1）describe the pictures briefly.

2）interpret the meaning, and

3）give you comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)

【参考范文】

As is vividly depicted in the graph that sitting in front of a computer, a student is selecting the curriculum, taking numerous elements into consideration including the innovation, the freshness of knowledge and the level of difficulty as well as the scoring, the qualified rate and burden of assignment. The caption says: The course selecting is on the way, indicating the importance of well-rounded consideration while making a choice.

We can deduce from the portrayal that well-rounded contemplating, a significant quality, serves as an indispensable capability bringing about positive influence toward different aspects of our lives. It is commonly known that the value of comprehensiveness and sophistication of thinking has been proved by countless examples around us, such as the governmental policy making and selection of compulsory and optional course. If we can put this notion into practice, it would exert profound and constructive influence. Therefore, well-rounded and thorough thinking will create huge benefit to the prosperity of community as well as personal development.

Whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the ability of analyzing the ingredients and integrating them together are nearer to success. Therefore, well-rounded consideration is the wisdom we should live up to.