libui的简单使用

怼烎@ 2024-03-24 17:27 32阅读 0赞

> libui是一个 C 中简单且可移植（但并非不灵活）的 GUI 库，它使用每个平台原生的GUI技术进行绘制。  
> 官网地址：[链接][Link 1]  
> 相关文件：[链接][Link 2]

## 一、配置说明 ##

### 1. 所需链接的库 ###

在使用libui的过程中至少需要链接以下库

user32.lib
    kernel32.lib
    gdi32.lib
    comctl32.lib
    uxtheme.lib
    msimg32.lib
    comdlg32.lib
    d2d1.lib
    dwrite.lib
    ole32.lib
    oleaut32.lib
    oleacc.lib
    uuid.lib
    windowscodecs.lib
    libui.a

### 2. 静态库的使用 ###

静态库在使用时还需要在项目中加入资源文件，下面的 [文件][Link 3] 选择其中之一即可

*  static.manifest
 *  resources.res

![在这里插入图片描述][8435464a60f44a22a0af63512928db78.png]

如果使用resources.res出现问题，请见 [解决办法][Link 4]

## 二、简单使用 ##

### 1. 空白窗口 ###

#include <stdio.h>
    #include "ui.h"
    
    int onClosing(uiWindow* w, void* data)
    {
        
    	uiQuit();
    	return 1;
    }
    
    int main(void)
    {
        
    	uiInitOptions o = {
         0 };
    	const char* err;
    	uiWindow* window;
    
    	// 初始化ui
    	err = uiInit(&o);
    	if (err != NULL) {
        
    		fprintf(stderr, u8"初始化错误: %s\n", err);
    		uiFreeInitError(err);
    		return 1;
    	}
    
    	// 创建一个新窗口
    	window = uiNewWindow("Hello World!", 300, 300, 0);
    	uiWindowOnClosing(window, onClosing, NULL);
    
    	// 显示窗口
    	uiControlShow(uiControl(window));
    
    	// 启动主循环
    	uiMain();
    
    	// 释放内存空间
    	uiUninit();
    
    	return 0;
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][4cad8b802e314943a6e93526312bae0c.png]

### 2. 绘制文本 ###

#include <stdio.h>
    #include "ui.h"
    
    int onClosing(uiWindow* w, void* data)
    {
        
    	uiQuit();
    	return 1;
    }
    
    int main(void)
    {
        
    	uiInitOptions o = {
         0 };
    	const char* err;
    	uiWindow* window;
    	uiLabel* label;
    
    	// 初始化ui
    	err = uiInit(&o);
    	if (err != NULL) {
        
    		fprintf(stderr, u8"初始化错误: %s\n", err);
    		uiFreeInitError(err);
    		return 1;
    	}
    
    	// 创建一个新窗口
    	window = uiNewWindow("Hello World!", 300, 300, 0);
    	uiWindowOnClosing(window, onClosing, NULL);
    
    	// 添加标签
    	label = uiNewLabel("Hello, World!");
    	uiWindowSetChild(window, uiControl(label));
    
    	// 显示窗口
    	uiControlShow(uiControl(window));
    
    	// 启动主循环
    	uiMain();
    	uiUninit();
    	return 0;
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][2a51046217a0417898645c3eb34c3276.png]

## 三、控件介绍 ##

### 1. 容器控件 ###

#### uiWindow ####

> 一个代表顶层窗口的控件，可包含其他控件。

#### uiBox ####

> 一个容纳一组控件的盒状容器。

#### uiTab ####

> 一个多页面控制界面容器，一次显示一个页面。

#### uiGroup ####

> 向所包含的子控件添加标签的控件容器。

#### uiForm ####

> 将包含的控件组织为带标签的字段的控件容器。

#### uiGrid ####

> 要在网格中排列的包含控件的控件容器。

### 2. 数据输入 ###

#### uiCheckbox ####

> 带有用户可选框并带有文本标签的控件。

#### uiEntry ####

> 具有单行文本输入字段的控件。

#### uiSpinbox ####

> 通过文本字段或 +/- 按钮显示和修改整数值的控件。

#### uiSlider ####

> 通过用户可拖动的滑块显示和修改整数值的控件。

#### uiCombobox ####

> 通过下拉菜单从预定义项目列表中选择一项的控件。

#### uiEditableCombobox ####

> 用于从预定义的项目列表中选择一个项目或输入自己的项目的控件。

#### uiRadioButtons ####

> 复选按钮的多选控件，一次只能从中选择一个。

#### uiDateTimePicker ####

> 输入日期和/或时间的控件。

#### uiMultilineEntry ####

> 具有多行文本输入字段的控件。

#### uiFontButton ####

> 单击时打开字体选择器的类似按钮的控件。

#### uiColorButton ####

> 带有颜色指示器的控件，单击时会打开颜色选择器。

#### uiTable ####

> 以表格方式显示数据的控件。

### 3. 静态控件 ###

#### uiLabel ####

> 显示非交互式文本的控件。

#### uiProgressBar ####

> 通过水平条的填充级别可视化任务进度的控件。

#### uiSeparator ####

> 用于在视觉上水平或垂直分隔控件的控件。

#### uiMenuItem ####

> 与uiMenu结合使用的菜单项。

#### uiMenu ####

> 应用程序级菜单栏。

#### uiImage ####

> 要在屏幕上显示的图像的容器。

### 4. 按钮控件 ###

#### uiButton ####

#### uiFontButton ####

#### uiColorButton ####

### 5. 对话框窗口 ###

### 6. 菜单 ###

### 7. 表格 ###

## 四、综合案例 ##

### 1. 直方图 ###

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <time.h>
    #include "ui.h"
    
    uiWindow* mainwin;
    uiArea* histogram;
    uiAreaHandler handler;
    uiSpinbox* datapoints[10];
    uiColorButton* colorButton;
    int currentPoint = -1;
    
    // some metrics
    #define xoffLeft 20			/* 直方图的左边缘 */
    #define yoffTop 20			/* 直方图的上边缘 */
    #define xoffRight 20		/* 直方图的右边缘 */
    #define yoffBottom 20		/* 直方图的下边缘 */
    #define pointRadius 10		/* 点的大小 */
    
    // 命名颜色
    #define colorWhite 0xFFFFFF
    #define colorBlack 0x000000
    #define colorDodgerBlue 0x1E90FF
    
    // 设置画刷的颜色
    static void setSolidBrush(uiDrawBrush* brush, uint32_t color, double alpha)
    {
        
    	uint8_t component;
    
    	brush->Type = uiDrawBrushTypeSolid;
    	component = (uint8_t)((color >> 16) & 0xFF);
    	brush->R = ((double)component) / 255;
    	component = (uint8_t)((color >> 8) & 0xFF);
    	brush->G = ((double)component) / 255;
    	component = (uint8_t)(color & 0xFF);
    	brush->B = ((double)component) / 255;
    	brush->A = alpha;
    }
    
    // 根据给定的宽度和高度，计算出每个数据点在绘图区域中的位置坐标
    static void pointLocations(double width, double height, double* xs, double* ys)
    {
        
    	double xincr, yincr;
    	int i, n;
    
    	xincr = width / 9;		// 10 - 1 to make the last point be at the end
    	yincr = height / 100;
    
    	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        
    		// get the value of the point
    		n = uiSpinboxValue(datapoints[i]);
    		// because y=0 is the top but n=0 is the bottom, we need to flip
    		n = 100 - n;
    		xs[i] = xincr * i;
    		ys[i] = yincr * n;
    	}
    }
    
    // 据给定的宽度和高度以及当前界面上的数据点，构建一个绘制折线图的路径
    static uiDrawPath* constructGraph(double width, double height, int extend)
    {
        
    	uiDrawPath* path;
    	double xs[10], ys[10];
    	int i;
    
    	pointLocations(width, height, xs, ys);
    
    	path = uiDrawNewPath(uiDrawFillModeWinding);
    
    	uiDrawPathNewFigure(path, xs[0], ys[0]);
    	for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
    		uiDrawPathLineTo(path, xs[i], ys[i]);
    
    	if (extend) {
        
    		uiDrawPathLineTo(path, width, height);
    		uiDrawPathLineTo(path, 0, height);
    		uiDrawPathCloseFigure(path);
    	}
    
    	uiDrawPathEnd(path);
    	return path;
    }
    
    // 根据介绍的客户区域计算图形大小
    static void graphSize(double clientWidth, double clientHeight, double* graphWidth, double* graphHeight)
    {
        
    	*graphWidth = clientWidth - xoffLeft - xoffRight;
    	*graphHeight = clientHeight - yoffTop - yoffBottom;
    }
    
    static void handlerDraw(uiAreaHandler* a, uiArea* area, uiAreaDrawParams* p)
    {
        
    	uiDrawPath* path;
    	uiDrawBrush brush;
    	uiDrawStrokeParams sp;
    	uiDrawMatrix m;
    	double graphWidth, graphHeight;
    	double graphR, graphG, graphB, graphA;
    
    	// fill the area with white
    	setSolidBrush(&brush, colorWhite, 1.0);
    	path = uiDrawNewPath(uiDrawFillModeWinding);
    	uiDrawPathAddRectangle(path, 0, 0, p->AreaWidth, p->AreaHeight);
    	uiDrawPathEnd(path);
    	uiDrawFill(p->Context, path, &brush);
    	uiDrawFreePath(path);
    
    	// figure out dimensions
    	graphSize(p->AreaWidth, p->AreaHeight, &graphWidth, &graphHeight);
    
    	// clear sp to avoid passing garbage to uiDrawStroke()
    	// for example, we don't use dashing
    	memset(&sp, 0, sizeof(uiDrawStrokeParams));
    
    	// make a stroke for both the axes and the histogram line
    	sp.Cap = uiDrawLineCapFlat;
    	sp.Join = uiDrawLineJoinMiter;
    	sp.Thickness = 2;
    	sp.MiterLimit = uiDrawDefaultMiterLimit;
    
    	// draw the axes
    	setSolidBrush(&brush, colorBlack, 1.0);
    	path = uiDrawNewPath(uiDrawFillModeWinding);
    	uiDrawPathNewFigure(path,
    		xoffLeft, yoffTop);
    	uiDrawPathLineTo(path,
    		xoffLeft, yoffTop + graphHeight);
    	uiDrawPathLineTo(path,
    		xoffLeft + graphWidth, yoffTop + graphHeight);
    	uiDrawPathEnd(path);
    	uiDrawStroke(p->Context, path, &brush, &sp);
    	uiDrawFreePath(path);
    
    	// now transform the coordinate space so (0, 0) is the top-left corner of the graph
    	uiDrawMatrixSetIdentity(&m);
    	uiDrawMatrixTranslate(&m, xoffLeft, yoffTop);
    	uiDrawTransform(p->Context, &m);
    
    	// now get the color for the graph itself and set up the brush
    	uiColorButtonColor(colorButton, &graphR, &graphG, &graphB, &graphA);
    	brush.Type = uiDrawBrushTypeSolid;
    	brush.R = graphR;
    	brush.G = graphG;
    	brush.B = graphB;
    	// we set brush->A below to different values for the fill and stroke
    
    	// now create the fill for the graph below the graph line
    	path = constructGraph(graphWidth, graphHeight, 1);
    	brush.A = graphA / 2;
    	uiDrawFill(p->Context, path, &brush);
    	uiDrawFreePath(path);
    
    	// now draw the histogram line
    	path = constructGraph(graphWidth, graphHeight, 0);
    	brush.A = graphA;
    	uiDrawStroke(p->Context, path, &brush, &sp);
    	uiDrawFreePath(path);
    
    	// now draw the point being hovered over
    	if (currentPoint != -1) {
        
    		double xs[10], ys[10];
    
    		pointLocations(graphWidth, graphHeight, xs, ys);
    		path = uiDrawNewPath(uiDrawFillModeWinding);
    		uiDrawPathNewFigureWithArc(path,
    			xs[currentPoint], ys[currentPoint],
    			pointRadius,
    			0, 6.23,		// TODO pi
    			0);
    		uiDrawPathEnd(path);
    		// use the same brush as for the histogram lines
    		uiDrawFill(p->Context, path, &brush);
    		uiDrawFreePath(path);
    	}
    }
    
    static int inPoint(double x, double y, double xtest, double ytest)
    {
        
    	// TODO switch to using a matrix
    	x -= xoffLeft;
    	y -= yoffTop;
    	return (x >= xtest - pointRadius) &&
    		(x <= xtest + pointRadius) &&
    		(y >= ytest - pointRadius) &&
    		(y <= ytest + pointRadius);
    }
    
    static void handlerMouseEvent(uiAreaHandler* a, uiArea* area, uiAreaMouseEvent* e)
    {
        
    	double graphWidth, graphHeight;
    	double xs[10], ys[10];
    	int i;
    
    	graphSize(e->AreaWidth, e->AreaHeight, &graphWidth, &graphHeight);
    	pointLocations(graphWidth, graphHeight, xs, ys);
    
    	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    		if (inPoint(e->X, e->Y, xs[i], ys[i]))
    			break;
    	if (i == 10)		// not in a point
    		i = -1;
    
    	currentPoint = i;
    	// TODO only redraw the relevant area
    	uiAreaQueueRedrawAll(histogram);
    }
    
    static void handlerMouseCrossed(uiAreaHandler* ah, uiArea* a, int left)
    {
        
    	// do nothing
    }
    
    static void handlerDragBroken(uiAreaHandler* ah, uiArea* a)
    {
        
    	// do nothing
    }
    
    static int handlerKeyEvent(uiAreaHandler* ah, uiArea* a, uiAreaKeyEvent* e)
    {
        
    	// reject all keys
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void onDatapointChanged(uiSpinbox* s, void* data)
    {
        
    	uiAreaQueueRedrawAll(histogram);
    }
    
    // 回调函数，当颜色按钮改变时调用
    static void onColorChanged(uiColorButton* b, void* data)
    {
        
    	uiAreaQueueRedrawAll(histogram);
    }
    
    // 回调函数，用户关闭窗口时，销毁主窗口，再执行释放内存
    static int onClosing(uiWindow* w, void* data)
    {
        
    	uiControlDestroy(uiControl(mainwin));
    	uiQuit(); //关闭整个 UI 程序并释放所有分配的内存
    	return 0;
    }
    
    
    static int shouldQuit(void* data)
    {
        
    	uiControlDestroy(uiControl(mainwin));  // 销毁窗口对象
    	return 1;
    }
    
    int main(void)
    {
        
    	uiInitOptions o;
    	const char* err;
    	uiBox* hbox, * vbox;
    	int i;
    	uiDrawBrush brush;
    
    	handler.Draw = handlerDraw;
    	handler.MouseEvent = handlerMouseEvent;
    	handler.MouseCrossed = handlerMouseCrossed;
    	handler.DragBroken = handlerDragBroken;
    	handler.KeyEvent = handlerKeyEvent;
    
    	memset(&o, 0, sizeof(uiInitOptions));
    	err = uiInit(&o);
    	if (err != NULL) {
        
    		fprintf(stderr, "error initializing ui: %s\n", err);
    		uiFreeInitError(err);
    		return 1;
    	}
    
    	// 通过回调函数判断程序是否退出
    	uiOnShouldQuit(shouldQuit, NULL);
    
    	mainwin = uiNewWindow("libui Histogram Example", 640, 480, 1);
    	uiWindowSetMargined(mainwin, 1);
    	uiWindowOnClosing(mainwin, onClosing, NULL);
    
    	hbox = uiNewHorizontalBox();
    	uiBoxSetPadded(hbox, 1);
    	uiWindowSetChild(mainwin, uiControl(hbox));
    
    	vbox = uiNewVerticalBox();
    	uiBoxSetPadded(vbox, 1);
    	uiBoxAppend(hbox, uiControl(vbox), 0);
    
    	// 设置10组数据框，添加到vbox
    	srand(time(NULL));
    	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        
    		datapoints[i] = uiNewSpinbox(0, 100);
    		uiSpinboxSetValue(datapoints[i], rand() % 101);
    		uiSpinboxOnChanged(datapoints[i], onDatapointChanged, NULL); // 设置数据区域变化时发生的操作
    		uiBoxAppend(vbox, uiControl(datapoints[i]), 0);
    	}
    
    	// 设置颜色选择按钮，添加到vbox
    	colorButton = uiNewColorButton();
    	setSolidBrush(&brush, colorDodgerBlue, 1.0);
    	uiColorButtonSetColor(colorButton, brush.R, brush.G, brush.B, brush.A);
    	uiColorButtonOnChanged(colorButton, onColorChanged, NULL);  // 设置颜色按钮变化时执行的操作
    	uiBoxAppend(vbox, uiControl(colorButton), 0);
    
    	// 设置绘图区域，添加到hbox
    	histogram = uiNewArea(&handler);
    	uiBoxAppend(hbox, uiControl(histogram), 1);
    
    	// 显示窗口
    	uiControlShow(uiControl(mainwin));
    	// 执行循环
    	uiMain();
    	// 释放内存空间
    	uiUninit();
    	return 0;
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][dd28d6b5dde6456698f855e79e10f9c8.png]

## 附录 ##

其他分支：

*  https://github.com/neroist/uing
 *  https://github.com/libui-ng/libui-ng

参考文档：https://libui-ng.github.io/libui-ng/annotated.html

[Link 1]: https://github.com/andlabs/libui
[Link 2]: https://download.csdn.net/download/hfy1237/87672084
[Link 3]: https://download.csdn.net/download/hfy1237/87681457
[8435464a60f44a22a0af63512928db78.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/24/9e57a738a0b443359e59d84044c8d549.png
[Link 4]: https://blog.csdn.net/hfy1237/article/details/130109659
[4cad8b802e314943a6e93526312bae0c.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/24/a930019b10ef48c1950e21dea1379f99.png
[2a51046217a0417898645c3eb34c3276.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/24/f19e9715056c4693b41d014b32c5d1de.png
[dd28d6b5dde6456698f855e79e10f9c8.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/24/46409ba70bc7436788d9366a9ec86388.png