jQuery UI 实例 - 放置（Droppable）

超、凢脫俗 2024-03-24 16:05 47阅读 0赞

为可拖拽小部件创建目标。

如需了解更多有关 droppable 交互的细节，请查看 API 文档 [可放置小部件（Droppable Widget）][Droppable Widget]。

### 默认功能 ###

在任意的 DOM 元素上启用 droppable 功能，并为可拖拽小部件创建目标。

>     <!doctype html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>       <meta charset="utf-8">
>       <title>jQuery UI 放置（Droppable） - 默认功能</title>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
>       <style>
>       #draggable { width: 100px; height: 100px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0; }
>       #droppable { width: 150px; height: 150px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px; }
>       </style>
>       <script>
>       $(function() {
>         $( "#draggable" ).draggable();
>         $( "#droppable" ).droppable({
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this )
>               .addClass( "ui-state-highlight" )
>               .find( "p" )
>                 .html( "Dropped!" );
>           }
>         });
>       });
>       </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>      
>     <div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>请把我拖拽到目标处！</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="droppable" class="ui-widget-header">
>       <p>请放置在这里！</p>
>     </div>
>      
>      
>     </body>
>     </html>

### 接受 ###

使用 `accept` 选项指定目标 droppable 接受哪一个元素（或元素组）。

>     <!doctype html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>       <meta charset="utf-8">
>       <title>jQuery UI 放置（Droppable） - 接受</title>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
>       <style>
>       #droppable { width: 150px; height: 150px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px; }
>       #draggable, #draggable-nonvalid { width: 100px; height: 100px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0; }
>       </style>
>       <script>
>       $(function() {
>         $( "#draggable, #draggable-nonvalid" ).draggable();
>         $( "#droppable" ).droppable({
>           accept: "#draggable",
>           activeClass: "ui-state-hover",
>           hoverClass: "ui-state-active",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this )
>               .addClass( "ui-state-highlight" )
>               .find( "p" )
>                 .html( "Dropped!" );
>           }
>         });
>       });
>       </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>      
>     <div id="draggable-nonvalid" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>我是不能被放置的 draggable</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>请拖拽我到目标</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="droppable" class="ui-widget-header">
>       <p>accept: '#draggable'</p>
>     </div>
>      
>      
>     </body>
>     </html>

### 防止传播 ###

当使用嵌套的 droppable 时 — 例如，您可以有一个树形的可编辑的目录结构，带有文件夹和文档节点 — `greedy` 选项设置为 true 来防止当 draggable 被放置在子节点（droppable）上时的事件传播。

>     <!doctype html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>       <meta charset="utf-8">
>       <title>jQuery UI 放置（Droppable） - 防止传播</title>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
>       <style>
>       #draggable { width: 100px; height: 40px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0; }
>       #droppable, #droppable2 { width: 230px; height: 120px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px; }
>       #droppable-inner, #droppable2-inner { width: 170px; height: 60px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px; }
>       </style>
>       <script>
>       $(function() {
>         $( "#draggable" ).draggable();
>      
>         $( "#droppable, #droppable-inner" ).droppable({
>           activeClass: "ui-state-hover",
>           hoverClass: "ui-state-active",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this )
>               .addClass( "ui-state-highlight" )
>               .find( "> p" )
>                 .html( "Dropped!" );
>             return false;
>           }
>         });
>      
>         $( "#droppable2, #droppable2-inner" ).droppable({
>           greedy: true,
>           activeClass: "ui-state-hover",
>           hoverClass: "ui-state-active",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this )
>               .addClass( "ui-state-highlight" )
>               .find( "> p" )
>                 .html( "Dropped!" );
>           }
>         });
>       });
>       </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>      
>     <div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>请拖拽我到目标</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="droppable" class="ui-widget-header">
>       <p>外部 droppable</p>
>       <div id="droppable-inner" class="ui-widget-header">
>         <p>内部 droppable（不带有 greedy）</p>
>       </div>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="droppable2" class="ui-widget-header">
>       <p>外部 droppable</p>
>       <div id="droppable2-inner" class="ui-widget-header">
>         <p>内部 droppable（带有 greedy）</p>
>       </div>
>     </div>
>      
>      
>     </body>
>     </html>

### 还原 draggable 的位置 ###

当带有布尔值 `revert` 选项的 draggable 停止拖拽时，返回 draggable（或它的助手）到原始位置。

>     <!doctype html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>       <meta charset="utf-8">
>       <title>jQuery UI 放置（Droppable） - 还原 draggable 的位置</title>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
>       <style>
>       #draggable, #draggable2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0; }
>       #droppable { width: 150px; height: 150px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px; }
>       </style>
>       <script>
>       $(function() {
>         $( "#draggable" ).draggable({ revert: "valid" });
>         $( "#draggable2" ).draggable({ revert: "invalid" });
>      
>         $( "#droppable" ).droppable({
>           activeClass: "ui-state-default",
>           hoverClass: "ui-state-hover",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this )
>               .addClass( "ui-state-highlight" )
>               .find( "p" )
>                 .html( "已放置！" );
>           }
>         });
>       });
>       </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>      
>     <div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>当被放置在目标上时还原</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>当未被放置在目标上时还原</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="droppable" class="ui-widget-header">
>       <p>请放置在这里</p>
>     </div>
>      
>      
>     </body>
>     </html>

### 购物车演示 ###

演示如何使用折叠面板来展示产品的目录结构，使用拖拽和放置来添加产品到购物车，购物车中的产品是可排序的。

>     <!doctype html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>       <meta charset="utf-8">
>       <title>jQuery UI 放置（Droppable） - 购物车演示</title>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
>       <style>
>       h1 { padding: .2em; margin: 0; }
>       #products { float:left; width: 500px; margin-right: 2em; }
>       #cart { width: 200px; float: left; margin-top: 1em; }
>       /* 定义列表样式，以便最大化 droppable */
>       #cart ol { margin: 0; padding: 1em 0 1em 3em; }
>       </style>
>       <script>
>       $(function() {
>         $( "#catalog" ).accordion();
>         $( "#catalog li" ).draggable({
>           appendTo: "body",
>           helper: "clone"
>         });
>         $( "#cart ol" ).droppable({
>           activeClass: "ui-state-default",
>           hoverClass: "ui-state-hover",
>           accept: ":not(.ui-sortable-helper)",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this ).find( ".placeholder" ).remove();
>             $( "<li></li>" ).text( ui.draggable.text() ).appendTo( this );
>           }
>         }).sortable({
>           items: "li:not(.placeholder)",
>           sort: function() {
>             // 获取由 droppable 与 sortable 交互而加入的条目
>             // 使用 connectWithSortable 可以解决这个问题，但不允许您自定义 active/hoverClass 选项
>             $( this ).removeClass( "ui-state-default" );
>           }
>         });
>       });
>       </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>      
>     <div id="products">
>       <h1 class="ui-widget-header">产品</h1>
>       <div id="catalog">
>         <h2><a href="#">T-Shirts</a></h2>
>         <div>
>           <ul>
>             <li>Lolcat Shirt</li>
>             <li>Cheezeburger Shirt</li>
>             <li>Buckit Shirt</li>
>           </ul>
>         </div>
>         <h2><a href="#">Bags</a></h2>
>         <div>
>           <ul>
>             <li>Zebra Striped</li>
>             <li>Black Leather</li>
>             <li>Alligator Leather</li>
>           </ul>
>         </div>
>         <h2><a href="#">Gadgets</a></h2>
>         <div>
>           <ul>
>             <li>iPhone</li>
>             <li>iPod</li>
>             <li>iPad</li>
>           </ul>
>         </div>
>       </div>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="cart">
>       <h1 class="ui-widget-header">购物车</h1>
>       <div class="ui-widget-content">
>         <ol>
>           <li class="placeholder">添加产品到这里</li>
>         </ol>
>       </div>
>     </div>
>      
>      
>     </body>
>     </html>

### 简单的照片管理器 ###

您可以通过拖拽照片到回收站或者点击回收站图标来删除照片。

您可以通过拖拽照片到相册或者点击回收利用图标来还原照片。

您可以通过点击缩放图标来查看大图。jQuery UI 对话框（dialog）部件用于模态窗口。

>     <!doctype html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>       <meta charset="utf-8">
>       <title>jQuery UI 放置（Droppable） - 简单的照片管理器</title>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
>       <style>
>       #gallery { float: left; width: 65%; min-height: 12em; }
>       .gallery.custom-state-active { background: #eee; }
>       .gallery li { float: left; width: 96px; padding: 0.4em; margin: 0 0.4em 0.4em 0; text-align: center; }
>       .gallery li h5 { margin: 0 0 0.4em; cursor: move; }
>       .gallery li a { float: right; }
>       .gallery li a.ui-icon-zoomin { float: left; }
>       .gallery li img { width: 100%; cursor: move; }
>      
>       #trash { float: right; width: 32%; min-height: 18em; padding: 1%; }
>       #trash h4 { line-height: 16px; margin: 0 0 0.4em; }
>       #trash h4 .ui-icon { float: left; }
>       #trash .gallery h5 { display: none; }
>       </style>
>       <script>
>       $(function() {
>         // 这是相册和回收站
>         var $gallery = $( "#gallery" ),
>           $trash = $( "#trash" );
>      
>         // 让相册的条目可拖拽
>         $( "li", $gallery ).draggable({
>           cancel: "a.ui-icon", // 点击一个图标不会启动拖拽
>           revert: "invalid", // 当未被放置时，条目会还原回它的初始位置
>           containment: "document",
>           helper: "clone",
>           cursor: "move"
>         });
>      
>         // 让回收站可放置，接受相册的条目
>         $trash.droppable({
>           accept: "#gallery > li",
>           activeClass: "ui-state-highlight",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             deleteImage( ui.draggable );
>           }
>         });
>      
>         // 让相册可放置，接受回收站的条目
>         $gallery.droppable({
>           accept: "#trash li",
>           activeClass: "custom-state-active",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             recycleImage( ui.draggable );
>           }
>         });
>      
>         // 图像删除功能
>         var recycle_icon = "<a href='link/to/recycle/script/when/we/have/js/off' title='还原图像' class='ui-icon ui-icon-refresh'>还原图像</a>";
>         function deleteImage( $item ) {
>           $item.fadeOut(function() {
>             var $list = $( "ul", $trash ).length ?
>               $( "ul", $trash ) :
>               $( "<ul class='gallery ui-helper-reset'/>" ).appendTo( $trash );
>      
>             $item.find( "a.ui-icon-trash" ).remove();
>             $item.append( recycle_icon ).appendTo( $list ).fadeIn(function() {
>               $item
>                 .animate({ width: "48px" })
>                 .find( "img" )
>                   .animate({ height: "36px" });
>             });
>           });
>         }
>      
>         // 图像还原功能
>         var trash_icon = "<a href='link/to/trash/script/when/we/have/js/off' title='删除图像' class='ui-icon ui-icon-trash'>删除图像</a>";
>         function recycleImage( $item ) {
>           $item.fadeOut(function() {
>             $item
>               .find( "a.ui-icon-refresh" )
>                 .remove()
>               .end()
>               .css( "width", "96px")
>               .append( trash_icon )
>               .find( "img" )
>                 .css( "height", "72px" )
>               .end()
>               .appendTo( $gallery )
>               .fadeIn();
>           });
>         }
>      
>         // 图像预览功能，演示 ui.dialog 作为模态窗口使用
>         function viewLargerImage( $link ) {
>           var src = $link.attr( "href" ),
>             title = $link.siblings( "img" ).attr( "alt" ),
>             $modal = $( "img[src$='" + src + "']" );
>      
>           if ( $modal.length ) {
>             $modal.dialog( "open" );
>           } else {
>             var img = $( "<img alt='" + title + "' width='384' height='288' style='display: none; padding: 8px;' />" )
>               .attr( "src", src ).appendTo( "body" );
>             setTimeout(function() {
>               img.dialog({
>                 title: title,
>                 width: 400,
>                 modal: true
>               });
>             }, 1 );
>           }
>         }
>      
>         // 通过事件代理解决图标行为
>         $( "ul.gallery > li" ).click(function( event ) {
>           var $item = $( this ),
>             $target = $( event.target );
>      
>           if ( $target.is( "a.ui-icon-trash" ) ) {
>             deleteImage( $item );
>           } else if ( $target.is( "a.ui-icon-zoomin" ) ) {
>             viewLargerImage( $target );
>           } else if ( $target.is( "a.ui-icon-refresh" ) ) {
>             recycleImage( $item );
>           }
>      
>           return false;
>         });
>       });
>       </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>      
>     <div class="ui-widget ui-helper-clearfix">
>      
>     <ul id="gallery" class="gallery ui-helper-reset ui-helper-clearfix">
>       <li class="ui-widget-content ui-corner-tr">
>         <h5 class="ui-widget-header">High Tatras</h5>
>         <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras_min.jpg" alt="High Tatras 的最高峰" width="96" height="72">
>         <a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras.jpg" title="查看大图" class="ui-icon ui-icon-zoomin">查看大图</a>
>         <a href="link/to/trash/script/when/we/have/js/off" title="删除图像" class="ui-icon ui-icon-trash">删除图像</a>
>       </li>
>       <li class="ui-widget-content ui-corner-tr">
>         <h5 class="ui-widget-header">High Tatras 2</h5>
>         <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras2_min.jpg" alt="绿山湖畔的小屋" width="96" height="72">
>         <a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras2.jpg" title="查看大图" class="ui-icon ui-icon-zoomin">查看大图</a>
>         <a href="link/to/trash/script/when/we/have/js/off" title="删除图像" class="ui-icon ui-icon-trash">删除图像</a>
>       </li>
>       <li class="ui-widget-content ui-corner-tr">
>         <h5 class="ui-widget-header">High Tatras 3</h5>
>         <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras3_min.jpg" alt="计划登高" width="96" height="72">
>         <a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras3.jpg" title="查看大图" class="ui-icon ui-icon-zoomin">查看大图</a>
>         <a href="link/to/trash/script/when/we/have/js/off" title="删除图像" class="ui-icon ui-icon-trash">删除图像</a>
>       </li>
>       <li class="ui-widget-content ui-corner-tr">
>         <h5 class="ui-widget-header">High Tatras 4</h5>
>         <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras4_min.jpg" alt="在 Kozi kopka 的顶部" width="96" height="72">
>         <a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/high_tatras4.jpg" title="查看大图" class="ui-icon ui-icon-zoomin">查看大图</a>
>         <a href="link/to/trash/script/when/we/have/js/off" title="删除图像" class="ui-icon ui-icon-trash">删除图像</a>
>       </li>
>     </ul>
>      
>     <div id="trash" class="ui-widget-content ui-state-default">
>       <h4 class="ui-widget-header"><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-trash">回收站</span> 回收站</h4>
>     </div>
>      
>     </div>
>      
>      
>     </body>
>     </html>

### 视觉反馈 ###

当悬停在 droppable 上时，或者当 droppable 被激活（即一个可接受的 draggable 被放置在 droppable 上）时，改变 droppable 的外观。使用 `hoverClass` 或 `activeClass` 选项来分别指定 class。

>     <!doctype html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>       <meta charset="utf-8">
>       <title>jQuery UI 放置（Droppable） - 视觉反馈</title>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css">
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
>       <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.js"></script>
>       <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/style.css">
>       <style>
>       #draggable, #draggable2 { width: 90px; height: 90px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0; }
>       #droppable, #droppable2 { width: 120px; height: 120px; padding: 0.5em; float: left; margin: 10px; }
>       h3 { clear: left; }
>       </style>
>       <script>
>       $(function() {
>         $( "#draggable" ).draggable();
>         $( "#droppable" ).droppable({
>           hoverClass: "ui-state-hover",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this )
>               .addClass( "ui-state-highlight" )
>               .find( "p" )
>                 .html( "Dropped!" );
>           }
>         });
>      
>         $( "#draggable2" ).draggable();
>         $( "#droppable2" ).droppable({
>           accept: "#draggable2",
>           activeClass: "ui-state-default",
>           drop: function( event, ui ) {
>             $( this )
>               .addClass( "ui-state-highlight" )
>               .find( "p" )
>                 .html( "Dropped!" );
>           }
>         });
>       });
>       </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>      
>     <h3>当悬停在 droppable 上时的反馈：</h3>
>      
>     <div id="draggable" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>请拖拽我到目标</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="droppable" class="ui-widget-header">
>       <p>请放置在这里</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <h3>当激活 draggable 时的反馈：</h3>
>      
>     <div id="draggable2" class="ui-widget-content">
>       <p>请拖拽我到目标</p>
>     </div>
>      
>     <div id="droppable2" class="ui-widget-header">
>       <p>请放置在这里</p>
>     </div>
>      
>      
>     </body>
>     </html>

[Droppable Widget]: https://www.runoob.com/jqueryui/api-droppable.html